Test: Roots, Stems and Leaves - 2 - NEET MCQ

• The green expanded surface on the leaf is called Lamina or leaf blade.
• The stalk like structure that attaches the leaf to the stem is called petiole.
• The part of the leaf at one end of the petiole that attaches the leaf to the node is called the leaf base.

Hence, the correct option is C
NCERT Reference: Topic “THE LEAF” of the chapter "Morphology of Flowering Plants" of NCERT.
NCERT Line: The source describes a typical leaf as consisting "of three main parts: leaf base, petiole, and lamina.

• In reticulate venation, veins are arranged randomly.
• However, in parallel venation, veins are arranged in a parallel manner. Both kinds can be further classified into palmate and pinnate.
• In pinnate venation, only one strong mid-rib is present and in palmate venation more than one strong rib is present. Rice is an example of convergent palmate parallel venation.

Hence, the correct option is A

NCERT Reference: Topic “The Leaf” of the chapter "Morphology of Flowering Plants" of NCERT.
NCERT Line: When the veinlets form a network, the venation is termed as reticulate. When the veins run parallel to each other within a lamina, the venation is termed as parallel.

• The arrangement of leaves in the plant is called phyllotaxy.
• In alternate phyllotaxy, a single leaf is present at each node. This kind of phyllotaxy is seen in China rose. In whorled phyllotaxy, multiple leaves are present at each node.

Hence, the correct option is C
NCERT Reference: Ttopic - Phyllotaxy of chapter "Morphology of Flowering Plants" of NCERT.
 NCERT Line: In an alternate type of phyllotaxy, a single leaf arises at each node in alternate manner, as in china rose, mustard and sun flower plants.

• The root system helps in the absorption of water and minerals from the soil. In plants like mangroves, breathing roots called pneumatophores are present.
• Pneumatophores grow vertically upwards and exchange gases through lenticels. Plants that grow tall derive their additional mechanical support by sending pillar-like woody roots called prop roots.

Hence, the correct option is B

NCERT Reference: Topic “THE ROOT” of chapter "Morphology of Flowering Plants" of NCERT.
NCERT Line:  The main functions of the root system are the absorption of water and minerals from the soil, providing a proper anchorage to the plant parts, storing reserve food material, and synthesizing plant growth regulators.

• The arrangement of veins on the leaves is called as venation.
• Vernation is the phenomenon of the arrangement of leaves in the bud.
• The folding of the lamina in bud condition is called as ptyxis.
• The arrangement of leaves on the stem branches is called as phyllotaxy.

Hence, the correct option is D

NCERT Reference: Topic -  Phyllotaxy of chapter "Morphology of Flowering Plants" of NCERT.
NCERT Line: Phyllotaxy is the pattern of arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch. This is usually of three types – alternate, opposite, and whorled.

Leaves of certain insectivorous plants such as pitcher plant, venus-fly trap are modified leaves. 

Hence, the correct option is D
NCERT Reference: Topic-  Modifications of Leaves of chapter  "Morphology of Flowering Plants" of NCERT.

• The region of the stem where buds arise is called a node. The region between two consecutive nodes is called inter-node.
• Stem helps in the conduction of water and nutrients between root and shoot. The shoot system includes fruits, flowers, buds leaves etc.

Hence, the correct option is c

NCERT Reference: Topic “THE STEM” of the chapter "Morphology of Flowering Plants" of NCERT.
NCERT Line: "The ascending part of the axis bearing branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits." "The main function of the stem is spreading out branches bearing leaves, flowers, and fruits." 

Palmately compound leaves are a type of compound leaf where the leaflets are attached at a common point, like the fingers of a hand. Each leaflet in a palmately compound leaf is similar in size and shape. Examples of plants with palmately compound leaves include the horse chestnut and the buckeye.
NCERT Reference: Topic “The Leaf” of the chapter "Morphology of Flowering Plants" of NCERT.
NCERT Line: In palmately compound leaves, the leaflets are attached at a common point, i.e.,at the tip of the petiole, as in silk cotton.

The root cap serves the essential function of protecting the delicate growing tip of the root as it pushes through the soil. This thimble-like structure helps to shield the root from mechanical damage and desiccation, allowing the root to effectively explore and anchor itself into the soil. An interesting fact about root caps is that they also secrete a slimy substance that helps reduce friction as the root grows downward, making the process more efficient.
NCERT References: Topic “The Root” of the chapter "Morphology of Flowering Plants" of NCERT.
NCERT Line: . It protects the tender apex of the root as it makes its way through the soil

The tap root system is characterized by a primary root that grows deep into the soil and gives rise to lateral roots of varying orders. This structure provides stability and efficient nutrient absorption, as seen in plants like mustard. An interesting fact is that tap roots can store significant amounts of food, which is why plants like carrots and radishes are often used for storage purposes in agriculture.

NCERT References: Topic “The Root” of the chapter "Morphology of Flowering Plants" of NCERT.
NCERT Line: In the majority of the dicotyledonous plants, the direct elongation of the radicle leads to the formation of primary root which grows inside the soil. It bears lateral roots of several orders that are referred to as secondary, tertiary, etc. roots.