Test: Arab Civilization - UPSC MCQ

The Euphrates River played a vital role in the development of Arab civilization. It provided a consistent water source for agriculture, enabling settlements and the growth of ancient civilizations.

The Arabian Peninsula is predominantly covered by vast desert regions, including the Rub' al Khali (Empty Quarter), which has significantly shaped the lifestyle and culture of the Arab people.

Prophet Muhammad was the founder of Islam and a central figure in Arab civilization. His teachings and leadership led to the spread of Islam and the unification of Arabian tribes.

Mecca was the economic center due to its role as a significant trade hub, and it held immense spiritual importance as the birthplace of Prophet Muhammad and the location of the Kaaba.

Arabesque is a distinctive style of art characterized by complex geometric patterns typically found in Islamic architecture, reflecting the significance of mathematics in Arab civilization.

Astronomy experienced significant advancements during the Islamic Golden Age. Arab scholars made remarkable contributions to the field and expanded their knowledge of celestial phenomena.

Arabic became the language of administration and scholarship in the Arab empire, facilitating the spread of knowledge and culture throughout the region.

"Thousand and One Nights" is a famous collection of folktales and stories, showcasing the rich storytelling tradition of the Arab and Persian cultures.

The Battle of Tours, also known as the Battle of Poitiers, marked the end of the Arab expansion into Europe. The Arab forces were defeated by the Franks in present-day France.

The Umayyad Caliphate was centered in Damascus, Syria, serving as the capital and seat of power for the early Arab rulers.

The Abbasid Caliphate shifted the capital from Damascus to Baghdad, which became a vibrant center of learning, commerce, and culture.

Alhambra is a magnificent palace and fortress complex situated in Granada, Spain. It stands as a testament to the Arab architectural and artistic legacy in the Iberian Peninsula.

Al-Khwarizmi was a renowned Arab mathematician and scholar whose works on mathematics laid the foundation for algebra.

The Arab cultural influence was profound in the Iberian Peninsula, particularly in Spain and Portugal, where knowledge, art, and architecture were transferred during the Islamic rule.

Arab farmers primarily cultivated dates in oases due to their nutritional value and ability to thrive in the desert climate.

Al-Razi, also known as Rhazes, was an influential Arab physician and polymath whose medical contributions earned him the title "Father of Medicine."

The Arabs perfected the astrolabe, an ancient instrument used for measuring angles, particularly in celestial navigation and astronomical observations.

Al-Mutanabbi was a celebrated Arab poet known for his eloquent and powerful poetry, and his "Diwan" is a collection of his finest works.

The "House of Wisdom" in Baghdad was a prestigious institution that facilitated the translation and preservation of scientific, philosophical, and cultural knowledge during the Abbasid Caliphate.

Al-Farabi was an influential Arab philosopher who harmonized Islamic teachings with the works of Greek philosophers like Aristotle, contributing to the growth of Islamic philosophy and science.