Test: Foreign Trade - UPSC MCQ

Foreign trade refers to the exchange of goods and services between different countries. It involves imports (goods and services brought into a country) and exports (goods and services sent out of a country) and plays a crucial role in a nation's economic growth.

The primary purpose of foreign trade is to promote economic growth and development by allowing countries to access goods and services they cannot produce efficiently. It fosters specialization, creates job opportunities, and encourages international cooperation.

Tariffs are a form of tariff barrier, as they impose taxes on imported goods. Non-tariff barriers include quotas (restrictions on the quantity of imports), embargoes (complete prohibition of trade), and subsidies (financial assistance to domestic industries).

When a country exports more than it imports, it is said to have a trade surplus. This situation indicates that the country is earning more foreign exchange than it is spending, which is beneficial for its economy.

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international organization that deals with the global rules of trade between nations. It helps ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably, and freely as possible, fostering economic cooperation among countries.

Free trade zones are areas where trade barriers, such as tariffs and quotas, are reduced or eliminated to encourage international trade and attract foreign investment. These zones help boost economic activity and promote export-oriented industries.

The "Most Favored Nation" (MFN) status is a trade principle where a country extends the best trade terms and concessions it offers to any one nation to all other member countries. This principle promotes non-discrimination and fair trade practices.

Foreign trade refers to the exchange of goods and services between one country and other countries. It involves imports (goods and services brought into a country) and exports (goods and services sent out of a country).

Foreign trade plays a crucial role in promoting economic growth by allowing countries to specialize in producing goods and services they are efficient at and exchanging them with others for items they need. This results in increased productivity, improved resource allocation, and overall economic development.

An export refers to goods and services produced within a country and sent to another country for sale or trade.

When a country exports more than it imports, it is said to have a trade surplus. This means the country is earning more from its exports, which can lead to increased foreign exchange reserves and potentially a stronger currency.

 Improving a country's trade balance requires increasing exports (earning more from selling goods abroad) and decreasing imports (spending less on buying goods from foreign countries).

Tariffs are taxes or duties imposed on imported goods to make them more expensive than domestically produced goods, thereby protecting domestic industries from foreign competition and encouraging consumers to buy locally produced goods.

NAFTA was a trade agreement among Canada, Mexico, and the United States, aiming to eliminate trade barriers and promote free trade in North America. It was later replaced by the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA).

FDI refers to the investment made by individuals or companies from one country into business interests located in another country. It is a crucial component of foreign trade and can bring capital, technology, and expertise to the receiving country.

The WTO is an international organization that deals with the global rules of trade between nations. Its main goal is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably, and freely as possible, promoting fair trade practices and reducing trade barriers.

The balance of payments is a record of all economic transactions made between the residents of a country and the rest of the world during a specific period. It includes trade in goods and services, investment income, and transfer payments. If exports exceed imports, the country has a trade surplus, and if imports exceed exports, it has a trade deficit.

An import quota is a non-tariff trade barrier that limits the quantity or value of specific goods that a country can import within a given period. It aims to restrict foreign competition and protect domestic industries.

The Most Favored Nation (MFN) principle requires a country to treat all its trading partners equally and without discrimination. If a country grants favorable treatment, such as reduced tariffs, to one trading partner, it must extend the same treatment to all other trading partners.

ASEAN is a regional intergovernmental organization comprising ten Southeast Asian countries. Its primary goals include promoting economic growth, social progress, and cultural development in the region, as well as fostering regional peace and stability.