Test: Medicinal Discoveries - UPSC MCQ

Cosimir Funk, a biochemist, discovered Vitamin C in 1912. He isolated the compound and proposed its role in preventing scurvy, coining the term "vitamine" (later "vitamin"). Vitamin C is essential for various bodily functions and is found in fruits and vegetables.

Vitamin D was discovered by American biochemist Elmer McCollum and his colleagues in 1919. McCollum conducted extensive research on nutrition and identified Vitamin D as an essential nutrient for preventing rickets, a bone disease. His work significantly advanced our understanding of vitamins and their importance in human health.

Sulfa drugs, also known as sulfonamides or sulphonamides, were discovered by Selman Waksman, a Ukrainian-American biochemist and microbiologist. He made the discovery in the 1930s and later received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1952 for his work in this field. Sulfa drugs were among the first antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections.

Streptomycin was discovered by Selman Waksman, a Ukrainian-American biochemist and microbiologist. He and his team isolated streptomycin from the bacterium Streptomyces griseus in 1943. Streptomycin was the first effective treatment for tuberculosis and marked a significant advancement in the field of antibiotics.

Dr. Christian Barnard, a South African cardiac surgeon, is known for performing the world's first successful human heart transplantation. The groundbreaking surgery took place on December 3, 1967, at Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. Dr. Barnard transplanted the heart of a young woman into a 53-year-old man, making medical history and revolutionizing the field of heart transplantation.

The founder of homeopathy is Samuel Hahnemann, a German physician. He developed the principles of homeopathy in the late 18th century. Hahnemann's approach to medicine is based on the principle of "like cures like," where a substance that causes symptoms in a healthy person can treat similar symptoms in a sick person.

Sir Ronald Ross, a British physician, is associated with the discovery of the life cycle of the malaria parasite. In 1897, he demonstrated that malaria is transmitted through the bite of infected female mosquitoes. His discovery led to significant advancements in understanding and combating malaria, a disease that affects millions of people worldwide.

Who discovered the treatment for Diarrhoea and Plague? A) Dagmanck B) Christian Bernard C) Hahnemann D) Kitajato

Stenach is known for his work on sex hormones. However, it's important to note that as of my last update in September 2021, there was no prominent figure or researcher named "Stenach" known for this particular field. It's possible that new developments or discoveries have occurred after my last update. If you have more context or information about Stenach, please provide it for a more accurate response.

Waltallilehak is associated with the discovery of open heart surgery.

The contraceptive pill was not discovered by any of the options provided (Dagmanck, Christian Bernard, Hahnemann, or Pincus). The contraceptive pill, also known as "the pill," was developed by two scientists: Dr. Gregory Pincus, an American biologist, and Dr. John Rock, an American gynecologist. They collaborated with Margaret Sanger, Katherine McCormick, and others to develop the first oral contraceptive pill, which was approved for contraceptive use in the United States in 1960.

The first successful test tube baby, Louise Brown, was born on July 25, 1978. She was the result of the pioneering work of British physiologist Robert Edwards and gynecologist Patrick Steptoe. Edwards was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2010 for the development of in vitro fertilization (IVF), which led to the birth of Louise Brown and revolutionized fertility treatment.

Karl Landsteiner is best known for his discovery of blood groups and the identification of the ABO blood group system. In 1901, he identified the ABO blood types (A, B, AB, O) and determined that blood transfusions must be matched appropriately to avoid adverse reactions. For his groundbreaking work on blood groups, Landsteiner was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1930.

James Watson and Arther Arg worked on RNA.

Insulin was discovered by Sir Frederick Banting, a Canadian medical scientist, and his research assistant, Charles Best, in the early 1920s. They conducted experiments at the University of Toronto, which led to the successful isolation and purification of insulin. This groundbreaking discovery revolutionized the treatment of diabetes, and Banting and John Macleod, who provided support for the research, were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1923 for their work on insulin.

The discovery of Vitamin A is associated with Elmer Verner McCollum, an American biochemist. In the early 20th century, McCollum, along with his colleagues, discovered that there were specific dietary factors essential for health and growth, including what they later identified as Vitamin A. McCollum's research laid the foundation for our understanding of essential nutrients and their role in maintaining human health.

Vitamin B was discovered by Casimir Funk, a Polish biochemist, in the early 20th century. Funk first coined the term "vitamine" (later changed to "vitamin") to describe a group of substances that were essential for maintaining health. He specifically identified and named the first vitamin as "Vitamin B1" (thiamine), which plays a crucial role in energy metabolism. Funk's work significantly contributed to the understanding of essential nutrients and their importance in human health.

The discovery of RNA (Ribonucleic acid) cannot be attributed to any of the options provided (James Watson and Arther Arg, James Watson and Francis Crick, Robert Edward and Patrick Steptoe, Karl Landsteiner).

RNA was first identified in the late 19th century by scientists Friedrich Miescher and Richard Altmann, who independently discovered a substance in the cell nucleus that was later recognized as RNA. However, the significance and functions of RNA were not fully understood until much later in the 20th century.

In 1961, François Jacob and Jacques Monod, along with their colleague André Lwoff, elucidated the role of RNA in protein synthesis, helping to establish the central dogma of molecular biology. Their work, along with other researchers like Sydney Brenner and Matthew Meselson, contributed significantly to our understanding of RNA's crucial role in cellular processes.

Therefore, the discovery of RNA involved contributions from multiple scientists over time, and it cannot be attributed to a single pair of researchers or a specific individual from the options provided.

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) was discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. They proposed the double-helix structure of DNA, which is one of the most significant discoveries in the field of molecular biology. Their groundbreaking work on the structure of DNA laid the foundation for our understanding of genetics and heredity.

Stenach is known for his work on sex hormones. However, it's important to note that as of my last update in September 2021, there was no prominent figure or researcher named "Stenach" known for this particular field. It's possible that new developments or discoveries have occurred after my last update. If you have more context or information about Stenach, please provide it for a more accurate response.