Test: India's World Heritage Sites - UPSC MCQ

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) designates World Heritage Sites. These sites are recognized for their cultural, historical, scientific, or natural significance and are considered important for the collective interest and heritage of humanity.

India has 42 World Heritage Sites. These include a mix of cultural, natural, and mixed (both cultural and natural) sites that showcase the country's rich heritage and biodiversity.

The Taj Mahal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is located in the city of Agra, India. It was built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal and is one of the most famous monuments in the world.

Among the options provided, the Khajuraho Group of Monuments is not a natural World Heritage Site in India. Instead, it is a cultural site famous for its stunning and intricately carved temples showcasing erotic sculptures.

Hampi, a renowned World Heritage Site, was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire. It is located in present-day Karnataka, India, and is known for its well-preserved ruins, temples, and historical significance.

The group of monuments at Mahabalipuram, also known as Mamallapuram, is famous for its rock-cut architecture. These impressive structures, mostly carved from large monolithic rocks, include temples, chariots, and sculptures.

The "Great Living Chola Temples" were built during the reign of Raja Raja Chola I, one of the most prominent rulers of the Chola dynasty. These temples are known for their architectural grandeur and cultural significance.

Bhimbetka Rock Shelters in India is renowned for the largest concentration of prehistoric rock art. These rock shelters provide valuable insights into the lives of early humans through their ancient paintings.

The Sanchi Stupa, a famous Buddhist monument, is located in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is one of the oldest stone structures in India and an important pilgrimage site for Buddhists.

Keoladeo National Park, also known as Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, is renowned for the largest gathering of thousands of Bar-headed Geese during their annual migration. It is a significant avian habitat and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The Qutub Minar, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was built by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, the founder of the Delhi Sultanate. It is an iconic monument in Delhi and one of the tallest minarets in India.

The Konark Sun Temple is dedicated to Lord Surya, the Hindu deity associated with the sun. The temple's architecture is designed to represent his colossal chariot with intricately carved wheels and horses.

The Mountain Railways of India UNESCO site includes three famous mountain railways - Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, Nilgiri Mountain Railway, and Kalka-Shimla Railway. All three railways are known for their scenic beauty and engineering marvel.

Mehrangarh Fort, one of the largest forts in India, is located in the city of Jodhpur, Rajasthan. It is an impressive historical monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The "Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park" is associated with the Mughal Emperor Akbar. The park contains the ruins of the medieval city of Champaner and the hill of Pavagadh, both of historical significance.

Rani ki Vav, also known as The Queen's Stepwell, is famous for its ancient stepwell architecture. It is located in Patan, Gujarat, and was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2014.

The Elephanta Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, are located on Gharapuri Island, also known as Elephanta Island. The caves are situated in Mumbai Harbor and contain impressive rock-cut sculptures and temples.

The Red Fort in Delhi was constructed during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. It served as the main residence of the Mughal emperors for nearly 200 years.

The Ajanta Caves, located in Maharashtra, India, is a group of 22 rock-cut caves portraying the Buddhist culture. These caves contain some of the finest examples of ancient Indian art and architecture.

The "Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara" is associated with Buddhism. Nalanda was an ancient center of learning and a renowned Buddhist monastery in Bihar, India.