Test: How, When & Where- 2 - UPSC MCQ

Historical studies can reveal a broad spectrum of daily life aspects, including what people ate, wore, and how they lived.

Historians utilize sources such as manuscripts and inscriptions to gather information and piece together the events and lifestyle of the past.

Answer: 2. Colonisation

Solution: The paragraph describes how the British came to conquer the country, subjugated local rulers, established control over the economy and society, collected revenue, bought goods at low prices, and produced crops needed for export. It further explains the changes in values, tastes, customs, and practices brought about by British rule. The term used to describe the process where such political, economic, social, and cultural changes occur due to the subjugation of one country by another is "colonisation." Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

The region along the Ganga and its tributaries, particularly Magadha, was known for its powerful rulers and the establishment of large kingdoms.

Old coins provide insights into the economic history, trade practices, and the types of metals used in the past.

Natural barriers such as mountains, seas, and rivers made ancient travels hazardous, although they were not impossible.

Cloth is a perishable material that deteriorates over time, making it rare to find during archaeological excavations.

AD stands for "Anno Domini," Latin for "in the year of the Lord," referring to the years following the birth of Jesus Christ.

The variety in historical experiences is attributed to the different lifestyles, roles, and social structures of various groups, such as farmers, rulers, and merchants.

2. History is synonymous with dates.

Explanation: In the past, the common-sense notion about history was that it primarily involved memorizing important dates and events. History was often seen as a timeline of significant occurrences, wars, and political changes, and the focus was heavily on when things happened rather than on understanding broader social, cultural, or economic contexts.

The text explains that certain historical changes, like the development of a taste for tea, cannot be pinpointed to a specific date as they occur gradually.

The text mentions that British historians wrote about the rule of Governor-Generals and linked important dates to their activities, making these dates central to their histories.

James Mill considered Asian societies less civilized than European societies and believed British rule could civilize India.

The text highlights that this periodization overlooks the coexistence of various faiths and the lives of people outside the religion of the rulers.

2. By setting up record rooms attached to administrative institutions.

Explanation: The British administration ensured the preservation of important documents and letters by establishing record rooms attached to various administrative institutions. This allowed them to systematically store and archive important files, making them accessible for future reference and maintaining a permanent record of administrative actions.

The British conducted detailed surveys to map the country, understand local conditions, and administer the regions more effectively.

The text indicates that official records primarily provide the viewpoint of British officials, making it challenging to understand the experiences of common people.

With the spread of printing, multiple copies of official records were produced, making it easier to preserve and disseminate information.

The text defines 'colonial' as the period when British rule brought about significant political, economic, social, and cultural changes in India.

- The term "periodisation" refers to the process of dividing history into distinct periods.
- This division is based on significant changes or events that mark different phases in history.
- Periodisation helps historians and scholars organize historical information to better understand and study the past.
- It allows for easier comparison and analysis of different eras.
- Examples include the division of history into periods such as the Middle Ages, Renaissance, and Industrial Revolution.