Test: Human Environment Settlement Transport And Communication - 2 - UPSC MCQ

Islands are surrounded by water thereby waterways are best way to travel.

The correct answer is A as Plastic is not used because these material cannot withstand the temperature as well as heavy load .It can also be dangerous sometimes.

Permanent Settlement: In these settlements people build homes to live in. Most of the settlements these days are permanent settlements.

Expressways are the highest class of roads in the Indian road network. They are six or eight-lane controlled-access highways where entrance and exit is controlled by the use of slip roads. Currently, approximately 1,581.4 km of expressways are operational in India. The National Highways Development Project by Government of India aims to expand the highway network and plans to add an additional 18,637 km (11,580 mi) of expressways by 2022. National Expressways Authority of India operating under the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways will be in-charge of the construction and maintenance of expressways. India has one of the lowest densities of expressways in the world.

Traffic jams and pollution found in Cities

Traffic jams and pollution are commonly found in cities due to various reasons. Here's a detailed explanation:

1. High population density:
- Cities usually have a higher population density compared to villages or other areas, leading to more vehicles on the roads.
- The increased number of vehicles contributes to traffic congestion and longer travel times.
2. Limited road infrastructure:
- Cities often have limited road infrastructure compared to the number of vehicles on the road.
- This inadequate infrastructure leads to bottlenecks and traffic congestion, resulting in traffic jams.
3. Industrial and commercial activities:
- Cities are centers of industrial and commercial activities, which attract a large number of vehicles for transportation of goods and services.
- The movement of heavy trucks and delivery vehicles adds to the traffic congestion in cities.
4. Lack of efficient public transportation:
- In many cities, the public transportation system may not be well-developed or efficient, leading to a higher dependency on private vehicles.
- This further increases the number of vehicles on the road and contributes to traffic congestion.
5. Emissions from vehicles:
- The high concentration of vehicles in cities leads to increased air pollution.
- Vehicle emissions, including carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, contribute to the deterioration of air quality in cities.
6. Urban planning and land use:
- Poor urban planning and land use management can result in inefficient road networks and inadequate parking facilities.
- This leads to traffic congestion and pollution as vehicles struggle to find suitable parking spaces or navigate through poorly designed road systems.
In conclusion, traffic jams and pollution are commonly found in cities due to factors such as high population density, limited road infrastructure, industrial and commercial activities, lack of efficient public transportation, vehicle emissions, and poor urban planning.

Penguins eat seafood. Their main diet is fish, though they'll also eat squid, small shrimplike animals called "krill" (see photo to the right) and crustaceans.They also have backward facing bristles on their tongues that helps slippery seafood from getting away.

The answer to the question is:
Communication
Explanation:
- Communication is the process of conveying messages to others.
- It involves the exchange of information, ideas, thoughts, and feelings between individuals or groups.
- It can be done through various means such as speaking, writing, listening, and non-verbal cues.
- Effective communication is crucial in both personal and professional settings as it helps in building relationships, resolving conflicts, and achieving common goals.
- Communication can take place in different forms including verbal, written, visual, and electronic.
- It is a two-way process where both the sender and receiver are actively involved in transmitting and receiving messages.
- Good communication skills are essential for effective communication, which include clarity, active listening, empathy, and adaptability.
- Communication plays a vital role in various aspects of life such as education, business, healthcare, and interpersonal relationships.
- With the advancement of technology, communication has become more accessible and convenient through various mediums like smartphones, social media, and video conferencing.
- Overall, communication is essential for effective human interaction and plays a significant role in our daily lives.

In some countries, a rural settlement is any settlement in the areas defined as rural by a governmental office, e.g., by the national census bureau. This may include even ruraltowns. Common types of rural settlements are villages, hamlets and farms. Traditionally, rural settlements were associated with agriculture

Cairo city is capital of Egypt, and one of the largest cities in Africa.

Mass media means technology that is intended to reach a mass audience. It is the primary means of communication used to reach the vast majority of the general public. The most common platforms for mass media are newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and the Internet.

E-mail means:
- Electronic mail: The correct and widely accepted term for the abbreviation "e-mail" is "Electronic mail". This refers to the transmission of messages and other forms of communication through electronic means, typically over the internet.
- Electric mail: This is an incorrect interpretation of the abbreviation "e-mail". While electricity may be involved in the infrastructure that supports the transmission of electronic mail, the term "Electric mail" is not commonly used or recognized.
- Enlarge mail: This is an incorrect interpretation of the abbreviation "e-mail". The term "Enlarge mail" does not accurately describe the purpose or nature of electronic mail.
- Elastic mail: This is an incorrect interpretation of the abbreviation "e-mail". The term "Elastic mail" does not accurately describe the purpose or nature of electronic mail.
Therefore, the correct answer is A: Electronic mail.

The houses built in rural areas suit to the environment. In regions of heavy rainfall, people build houses with slanting roofs. Places where water accumulates in the rainy season the houses are constructed on raised platforms or slits.

Answer:
Introduction:
Dwellings made of ice are unique structures that are designed to provide shelter in extremely cold environments. These structures are built using blocks of ice and snow, and they have been used for centuries by indigenous people living in Arctic regions. One of the most well-known types of ice dwellings is the igloo.
Key Points:
Below are the key points about dwellings made of ice:
1. Igloo: An igloo is a traditional Inuit dwelling made of ice and snow. It is a dome-shaped structure that provides insulation and protection against harsh weather conditions. Igloos are built by stacking blocks of compacted snow in a circular pattern, creating an interlocking structure. The dome-shaped design helps to distribute the weight evenly, making the igloo stable and strong.
2. Construction: To build an igloo, the snow must be packed tightly to create solid blocks. The blocks are then cut into a circular shape and stacked in a spiral pattern. The inner walls are smoothed to create a comfortable living space. A small entrance tunnel is also constructed to prevent cold air from entering the igloo.
3. Insulation: The thick walls of the igloo provide excellent insulation, trapping the warm air inside and preventing the cold air from entering. The temperature inside an igloo can be significantly warmer than the outside temperature, making it a suitable shelter in freezing conditions.
4. Other Ice Dwellings: While igloos are the most well-known ice dwellings, there are other types of ice structures used by different cultures. For example, the Chukchi people of Siberia build snow houses called "yarangas," which are similar to igloos but have a different shape. In addition, some modern ice hotels and art installations are also constructed using ice and snow.
5. Modern Adaptations: In recent years, there have been modern adaptations of ice dwellings, such as ice hotels and ice bars. These structures are built using ice and snow but are often reinforced with other materials to provide additional stability and amenities.
Conclusion:
Dwellings made of ice, such as igloos, are unique structures that have been used for centuries by indigenous people in Arctic regions. These structures provide insulation and protection against extreme cold weather conditions. While igloos are the most well-known type of ice dwelling, there are also other types of ice structures used by different cultures. Modern adaptations of ice dwellings, such as ice hotels, have gained popularity in recent years.

Explanation:
In urban areas, the people are engaged in various activities to sustain their livelihoods. The answer choice B: manufacturing, trading, and services, best describes the activities that are typically found in urban areas. Here is a detailed explanation for each of these activities:
1. Manufacturing: Urban areas are often home to industries and factories where goods are produced on a large scale. Manufacturing includes the production of goods such as automobiles, electronics, textiles, and more.
2. Trading: Urban areas are hubs of economic activity, and trading plays a significant role in the local economy. People engage in buying and selling goods and services, either through physical stores or online platforms.
3. Services: Urban areas offer a wide range of services to meet the needs of the population. These services include healthcare, education, transportation, banking, hospitality, entertainment, and many others.
By combining these three activities, urban areas provide opportunities for employment, economic growth, and development. The concentration of industries, markets, and service providers in urban areas attracts people from rural areas who seek better job prospects and a higher standard of living.
In conclusion, urban areas are characterized by a mix of manufacturing, trading, and service activities that contribute to their economic vibrancy and offer diverse opportunities for the population.

The Andes Mountains line the western edge of South America, from Venezuela all the way along Chile to South America's southern tip, crossing through Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.

The llama was widely used as a pack animal by the Incas and other natives of the Andes mountains. In South America llamas are still used as beasts of burden, as well as for the production of fiber and meat.

The most commonly used means of transport especially for short distances are roads. They can be metalled (pucca) and unmetalled (kutcha). The plains have a dense network of roads. Roads have also been build in terrains like deserts, forests and even high mountains. Manali-Leh highway in the Himlayan Mountains is one of the highest roadways in the world. Roads built underground are called subways/under paths. Flyovers are built over raised structures.

Explanation:
The correct answer is C: Subways.
Here is a detailed explanation:
Definition:
- Roads built underground are commonly referred to as "subways."
- They are designed to provide an underground transportation system for vehicles or pedestrians.
Characteristics of Subways:
- Subways are typically found in urban areas where space is limited and there is a need for efficient transportation.
- They are usually constructed using tunnels or underground passages.
- Subways often have dedicated lanes or tracks for trains, trams, or other forms of public transportation.
- They may also include walkways or pedestrian tunnels for people to navigate through the underground network.
Examples of Subways:
- The London Underground, also known as the Tube, is one of the most famous subway systems in the world.
- Other notable examples include the New York City Subway, Paris Metro, Tokyo Metro, and Moscow Metro.
Advantages of Subways:
- Subways offer a convenient and efficient mode of transportation, especially in heavily congested urban areas.
- They can help reduce traffic congestion and pollution by providing an alternative to driving.
- Subways are often faster than surface-level roads due to fewer traffic delays and dedicated tracks.
- They can accommodate a large number of passengers, making them ideal for densely populated cities.
Conclusion:
Roads built underground are commonly referred to as subways. They provide an efficient and convenient transportation system for vehicles and pedestrians in urban areas. Examples of subways include the London Underground, New York City Subway, and Paris Metro. Subways offer advantages such as reduced traffic congestion, faster travel times, and the ability to accommodate a large number of passengers.

In the 1950s, diesels began taking over steam power, as they were easier to maintain, and more efficient. Diesel locomotives required less maintenance and fewer crew members to run.

St. Petersburg's most famous visitor attraction, and universally acknowledged as one of the world's greatest treasuries of art and antiquities, the Hermitage is a name to be conjured with, and reason enough on its own for many travelers to book a trip to St. Petersburg.