RPSC RAS Prelims Mock Test - 4 - RPSC RAS (Rajasthan) MCQ

Key Points
CM’s Seven Point Programme was launched during the year 2009-10 to focus on the following issues:

• Safe Motherhood
• Reduction in IMR
• Population Stabilization
• Prevention of child marriages
• Retention of girls at least up to class X
• Providing a secure and safe environment for women
• Economic Empowerment by providing self-employment opportunities through the Self Help Group Programme

Additional Information

• Empowerment of women is possible only if this is based on a life cycle approach.
• There is no denial that despite socio-economic and educational development negative mindset in regard to girls still persists.
• The declining sex-ratio is the indication that some serious thinking needs to go in our development plans to checkmate this negative attitude.  

Key Points

• Remuneration for the contribution made by human labor is called a  wage. Hence, Pair 1 is correctly matched . 
• Remuneration for the contribution made by capital is called interest.Hence, Pair 2 is incorrectly matched . 
• The remuneration of the contribution made by entrepreneurship is profit.
• Remuneration for the contribution made by fixed natural resources (called ‘ land) is rent. Hence, Pair 3 is correctly matched . 
• There are four factors of production:
  • Labour
  • Fixed Natural resources like Land
  • Capital
  • Entrepreneur
• Payments made to all of these for taking part in the production process are known as Factor payments. Thus, there are four kinds of contributions that can be made during the production of goods and services.

Key Points
Shimla Conference:

• To form a coalition interim government of Congress and Muslim League at the centre, Lord Wavell convened a meeting a conference of 21 Indian Political leaders of all political parties in June 1945 at Shimla. Hence statement 1 is correct
• The conference broke down on the insistence of Jinnah that the Muslim League should have an exclusive right to nominate Muslim members of the Viceroy’s Executive Council and  Muslim League has the sole right to represent the Muslims of India. Hence statement 2 is correct.
• This was something which the Congress could not concede without repudiating its national composition.
• The League wanted the power of veto to any constitutional proposal which it believed was not in its interest.
• The Wavell Plan, thus, was dissolved with the failure of the conference.

Important Points
The main proposals of the Wavell Plan were as follows:

• With the exception of the governor-general and the commander-in-chief, all members of the executive council were to be Indians. 
• Caste Hindus and Muslims  were to have equal representation. 
• The reconstructed council was to function as an interim government within the framework of the  1935 Act  (i.e. not responding to the Central Assembly).
• The governor-general was to exercise his veto on the advice of ministers.
• Representatives of different parties  were to submit a joint list to the viceroy for nominations to the executive council. If a joint list was not possible, then separate lists were to be submitted.
• Possibilities were to be kept open for negotiations on a new constitution once the war was finally won. 

Key Points
42^nd  Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 :

• Provided that the laws made for the implementation of Directive Principles cannot be declared invalid by the courts on the ground of violation of some Fundamental Rights. Hence option B is Correct.

History of cases:

• Champakam Dorairajan case (1951):
  • Supreme Court ruled that in case of any conflict between the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles, the former would prevail. It declared that the Directive Principles have to conform to and run as subsidiary to the Fundamental Rights.
• Golaknath case (1967):
  • Court held that the Fundamental Rights cannot be amended for the implementation of the Directive Principles.
• Kesavananda Bharati case (1973):
  • Overruled the Judgement of Golaknath Case.
• 42^nd  Amendment Act (1973):
  • Accorded the position of legal primacy and supremacy to the Directive Principles over the Fundamental Rights conferred by Articles 14, 19 and 31.
• Minerva Mills case (1980):
  • The Supreme Court also held that ‘the Indian Constitution is founded on the bedrock of the balance between the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles. They together constitute the core of commitment to social revolution. They are like two wheels of a chariot, one no less than the other.

India works on three tiers of the Judicial system: The Supreme Court, the High Court and the Subordinate Courts.
Important Point
According to the Constitution of India, the following are the rules for the appointment of the Supreme court Judge:

• Article 124 vests the power of appointment of the Chief Justice of India (C.J.I.) and the Judges of the Supreme Court in the President.
  • The President shall by the warrant, make the appointment after consultation with such of the judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts of the States, as he may deem necessary.
  • Also, the provision speaks of "after‟ consultation and not "in‟ consultation.
  • In the case of appointment of a judge other than the Chief Justice of India, the C.J.I. shall always be consulted.
  • On a plain reading of the provision, the power of appointment vests in the President.
  • The President, of course, means the Executive i.e. The President acting on the advice of the Council of Ministers.
  • The C.J.I. and other such judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts shall be consulted by the President, as he may deem necessary. 
  • The appointment of judges of the High Courts is also made by the President (Executive).
  • The President has to consult the C.J.I., the Governor of the State and the Chief Justice of the High Court.

As per the Constitution of India, Supreme Court judges retire at age of 65 while the  age of retirement for High Court judges is 62 years.

Judiciary has been kept independent so that it may give impartial decisions and its verdicts are not influenced by the executive and legislative bodies.

• It is this independence of the j udiciary that allows the courts to play a central role in protecting the Fundamental Rights of all the citizens.

From the above, we can conclude that statements 2, 3, and 4 are correct.
Key Points
Article 122 in The Constitution Of Indiap:

• Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament
• The validity of any proceedings in Parliament shall not be called in question on the ground of any alleged irregularity of procedure.
• No officer or member of Parliament in whom powers are vested by or under this Constitution for regulating procedure or the conduct of business, or for maintaining order, in Parliament shall be subject to the jurisdiction of any court in respect of the exercise by him of those powers (Chapter III Legislative Powers Of The President)

Thus,  statement 1 is not correct.

The correct answer is Option B.
Key Points

• Vultures in the Indian subcontinent were dying of kidney failure shortly after scavenging livestock treated with diclofenac, a painkiller that is similar to aspirin or ibuprofen .
• The Government of India banned “Diclofenac and its formulations for veterinary use” in July 2008 with a view to conserving vultures and, in July 2015, allowed use of the drug as a single-dose injection for humans only.
• According to wildlife veterinarians, the key cause of vulture deaths is food poisoning .
  • The birds were feeding on dead animals that had been administered the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac as a painkiller .
  • When the gyps species fed on these carcasses, they faced acute renal failure and died.
• Vultures are among the top predators and are enlisted in the critically endangered category in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
• The Government of India is also likely to ban the analog NSAID aceclofenac for veterinary use, given its potential to kill vultures .
  • A research note submitted by Vibhu Prakash, Principal Scientist and Deputy Director, Vulture Conservation Breeding Centre (VCBC), Panchkula, Haryana, on “Metabolism of Aceclofenac in cattle to Vulture-killing Diclofenac”, had apparently served as the basis for this move.
  • The VCBC had requested prohibition on veterinary use of aceclofenac as well. In a 2016 research study, Toby Heath Calligan (of the Royal Society for Protection of Birds) and others found that nearly all of the aceclofenac administered to cattle in the recommended dose was very rapidly metabolized into diclofenac.
• The study pointed out that at least 12 other NSAIDs, besides diclofenac, were available for veterinary use in South Asia, and aceclofenac was one of them.

42nd Amendment Act of 1976

• Added Socialist, Secular and integrity in Preamble.
• Added Fundamental duties (Part IV A)
• Creation of All India Judicial Service.
• Extended the time limit of President rule from 6 months to 1 year;
• Added 3 new directive principles,
• Raised tenure of Lok Sabha & State legislature assemblies from 5 to 6 years;
• Proclamation of national emergency;
• Made obligatory for President to act on the advice of the Council of ministers. 
• Provided for administrative tribunal and tribunal for other matters.
• Constitution amendment beyond the judiciary.
• Curtailed the power of judiciary review and writs of SC and HC.
• Tenure of Lok sabha and legislative assembly rose to 6 years.
• Law made by the directive principle cannot be challenged on fundamental rights.
• Parliament powered to make law on anti-nationalist and fundamental rights can be curtailed.
• Equal justice, Free legal aid, Participation in management in working place added to the directive principle.
• Extended the one-time president rule from 6 months to 1 year.
• The centre can deploy armed forces in any state of India.
• Education, forest protection weight and measurement, administration of justice, constructional and organization of all court except SC to union list 

Given:

Number 1 to 100 is given

Concept Used:

Prime Number : A prime number is a number that will not be divisible by any number except 1 and that number itself.

For Example, 5 is divisible by only 1 and 5, which the number itself. So, 5 is a prime number

On the other hand 6 is divisible by 1, 2, 3 & 6. So, 6 is not a prime number it is a composite number

Calculations:

According to the question, we have

Number between 1 to 100 having unit digit 3 is

3, 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73, 83 and 93

Clearly, we can see that 33, 63 and 93 is divisible by 3

So, except these three numbers all are prime numbers

3, 13, 23, 43, 53, 73 and 83 are prime numbers 

∴ Prime numbers between 1 and 100 having unit place digit 3 is 7.

Important Points

No even number can be a prime number.

All even numbers are composite number.

Although 2 is an even number it is divisible by only 1 and 2 (the number itself). So, 2 consider as a prime number.

Given:   

Ashish decides to donate 15% of his salary.

Later, he changed his mind and donated Rs. 2896 which was 90% of what he had decided earlier.

Calculation:

Let the salary of Ashish be Rs x.

As per the question, Ashish donated 90% of what he had decided earlier.

90% of 15% of x = Rs. 2896

⇒ (90/100) × (15/100) × x = Rs. 2896

⇒ 0.9 × 0.15 × x = 2896.

⇒ x = 2896/(0.9 × 0.15)

⇒ x ≈ Rs. 21450

∴ The approx. salary of Ashish is Rs. 21450.

Key Points
When a Bill is reserved by the Governor for the consideration of the President, the following three options are available with the President (Article 201):

• He may give his assent to the bill
• He may withhold his assent to the bill
• He may direct the governor to return the bill for the reconsideration of the state legislature. This happens only when the bill presented is not a money bill . If the bill is again presented to the President with or without making any amendment, the President is not bound to give his assent to the bill (veto power). 

The time limit within which the President has to make a decision with regard to a bill reserved by the Governor for his consideration is not mentioned in the Constitution.
Additional Information
When a bill is passed by the state legislative assembly and presented before the Governor, he has the following options available with him

• He may give his assent to the bill
• He may withhold his assent to the bill
• He may return the bill for the reconsideration of the state legislature. This happens only when the bill presented is not a money bill.
• He may reserve the bill for the consideration of the President.

Three categories of the veto powers of the President:

• Absolute Veto Power - Withhold the assent to the bill
• Suspensive Veto Power - The power to  return the bill to the Parliament with or without consideration
• Pocket Veto Power - The  power to not act upon the bill

Key Points

• The party system is part of the political system. Power is formed and the government is governed in democratic political systems by the party system. 
• A two-party system is a party system where two major political parties dominate the government.
• One of the two parties typically holds a majority in the legislature and is usually referred to as the majority or governing party while the other is the minority or opposition party. 
• The two-party system, the political system in which the electorate gives its votes largely to only two major parties and in which one or the other party can win a majority in the legislature.
• Within each major party in the United States, the Republicans and the Democrats, many factions are struggling for power.
• Example: USA , Jamaica, Malta are some countries with a two-party system.

Additional Information

• A one-party state, single-party state, one-party system, or single-party system is a type of state in which one political party has the right to form the government, usually based on the existing constitution. 
• All other parties are either outlawed or allowed to take only a limited and controlled participation in elections.
• India has a multi-party system 
• However, the dominant political parties in India are the Congress party and Bhartiya Janta Party.
• Initially, India was dominated by the single party for several decades, but from the 1990s onwards other parties start emerging and India has its first coalition government.
• The Dominant one-party system was exhibited by India from 1950 to 1975.

Key Points

• The Union Defence Minister, Rajnath Singh, inaugurated 57,000 water structures under the “ Jalabhishekam Water Conservation Campaign” virtually from New Delhi.
• The Defence Minister highlighted that the Campaign is fulfilling the aim of ‘water for every farm and work for every hand’. 
• The campaign would be helpful in the betterment of the villages.

Additional Information

• Minister of Jal Shakti is Gajendra Singh Shekhawat.
• He is a member of parliament from the Bharatiya Janata Party representing Jodhpur in the Lok Sabha.
• Minister of State  for  Jal Shakti Rattan Lal Kataria  is an Indian politician from Haryana.
• He is a member of the 16th Lok Sabha .

The caves and rock-cut temples at Ellora are Hindu, Buddhist and Jain.
Key Points

• Ellora, built by Rashtrakutas is located in Aurangabad, Maharashtra. 
• It is one of the World Heritage Sites . It is well known for its monumental caves . 
• 1 2 Buddhist (caves 1–12), 17 Hindu Caves (caves 13–29) and 5 Jain caves (caves 30–34).
• These caves were built in proximity and demonstrate the religious harmony prevalently during this period of Indian history.
• The Kailasha or Kailashanatha temple is the largest of the rock-cut Hindu temples at the Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India.
• It is one of the largest rock-cut monastery-temple cave complexes in the world, featuring Hindu, Buddhist and Jain monuments, and artwork, dating from the 600–1000 CE period

Additional Information

• The five Jain caves at Ellora belong to the ninth and tenth centuries.
  • They all belong to the Digambara sect .
• Twelve Buddhist caves were built during the 5th-7th century.
• Most popular of the Buddhist caves is Cave number 10, a Chaitya hall (chandrashala) or ' Vishvakarma cave ', popularly known as the Carpenter's Cave. 
• Dashavatara cave (Cave 15) at Ellora depicts the ten avatars of Lord Vishnu .
• There is the Rameshvara Cave (Cave 21) and Dhumar Lena Cave (Cave 29).
• There are total seventeen caves at Ellora that belong Hindu religion. They are numbered from thirteen to twenty-nine and date back to somewhere between 600 AD and 875 AD.

The correct answer is (a) - (iii), (b) - (i), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iv).
Key Points

• Buddhism :
  • Founded by Siddhartha Gautham.
  • He was born in Lumbini near Nepal in 563 BC.
  • After 49 days of meditation under a pipal tree, Gautama attained Bodhi (enlightenment) at Bodhgaya in Bihar.
  • Buddha gave his first sermon at Sarnath, UP and the event is known as Dharma-Chakra-Pravartana.
  • He followed 'Madhyam Marg' or the middle path
  • He died at Kushinagar, UP and the event is known as Mahaparinirvan.
  • The Tri Ratnas of Buddhism is Buddha (spiritual potential), Dhamma (teachings of Buddha), and Sangha (order of monks who follow Buddhism).
  • Buddha's Birth is represented by the symbol of  Lotus & Bull.
  • Buddha's Enlightenment is represented by the symbol of the  Bodhi Tree .
  • Buddha's First sermon is represented by the symbol of the  wheel (chakra) .
  • Buddha's Demise  is represented by the symbol of Stupa .
  • Buddha's Great Departure ( Mahabhinishkramana) is represented by the symbol of Horse .

The correct answer is option 3 i.e Pratapgarh Prajamandal.

• In Rajasthan, Rajputana Desi Lok Parishad or Rajputana Native States Public Council was established.
  • These councils laid the foundation for Prajamandal movement in Rajasthan.
  • The Prajamandal movement created a political awakening among the people in the Indian States and fought for their rights.
• These Praja Mandals were formed to establish a responsible government in the princely states.
• Pratapgarh Prajamandal was set up in 1945 by Amrit Lal Payak along with Chunni Lal Prabhakar.