Test: Structural Organisation in Animals - NEET MCQ

Epithelial tissue has the most regenerative power while neural tissue has the least regenerative power. We commonly refer to an epithelial tissue as epithelium.

- The Assertion (A) is true because the ovaries indeed produce ova and are anatomically situated near the kidneys.

- The Reason (R) is false because, although ovaries are located near the kidneys, they do not have a functional connection with them. The ovaries function independently in terms of reproductive processes, while kidneys are involved in excretion and fluid regulation.

- Since the Reason does not correctly explain the Assertion, the correct option is Option C: If Assertion is true but Reason is false.

During aestivation and hibernation gaseous exchange takes place through skin.

• Option 1: (C) Collagen fibers in Cartilage with the function to attach skeletal muscles to bones. This option is incorrect as collagen fibers in cartilage function to provide support and flexibility, not to attach muscles to bones.

• Option 2: (D) Smooth muscle tissue in the Heart with the function of heart contraction. This option is incorrect because smooth muscle tissue is not found in the heart; the heart is composed of cardiac muscle tissue, which is responsible for contractions.

• Option 3: (A) Columnar epithelium in the Nephron with the function of secretion and absorption. This option is incorrect because while columnar epithelium is indeed involved in secretion and absorption, it is typically found in the intestines, not in nephrons.

• Option 4: (B) Glandular epithelium in the Intestine with the function of secretion. This option is correct. Glandular epithelium is specialized for secretion and is commonly found lining organs like the intestines, where it secretes digestive enzymes and other substances necessary for digestion.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 4. (B) Glandular epithelium in the Intestine with the function of secretion.

- Statement i is incorrect because the ganglia are arranged on the ventral side, not the dorsal side.

- Statement ii is correct as it accurately describes the location of the brain in the cockroach and its function.

- Statement iii is correct since cockroaches can indeed survive for a period without their head due to the presence of ganglia throughout their body.

- Statement iv is incorrect because cockroaches possess compound eyes (not simple eyes) made up of ommatidia, which provide them with mosaic vision characterized by sensitivity but lower resolution, particularly adapted for nocturnal vision.

Thus, the correct statements are ii and iii, making Option A the right choice.

The most abundant type of animal tissue connective tissue. It forms blood, bone cartilage, adipose. Lymph etc.

Forebrain includes olfactory lobes, paired cerebral hemispheres and unpaired diencephalon. The midbrain is characterised by a pair of optic lobes. Hind-brain consists of cerebellum and medulla oblongata.

The hind limbs of frogs have five digits while the forelimbs end in four digits. Hind limbs are more muscular and larger when compared to forelimbs.

• Exocrine gland secretes mucus, saliva, earwax, oil, milk, digestive enzymes and other cell products.
• Their products are released through ducts or tubes. In contrast, endocrine glands do not have ducts.
• Their products are called hormones and are secreted directly into the fluid bathing the gland.

The squamous epithelium is made of a single thin layer of flattened cells with irregular boundaries. They are found in the walls of blood vessels and air sacs of lungs and are involved in functions like forming a diffusion boundary.

To match the terms in Column 'A' with the correct descriptions in Column 'B':

• (a) Tight junctions are specialized connections between neighboring epithelial cells that prevent substances from leaking between them. Therefore, they match with (ii) Stop substances leaking in columnar epithelium.

• (b) Gap junctions allow for the rapid transfer of ions and small molecules between cells, so they correspond to (iv) Rapid transfer of ions and molecules.

• (c) Interdigitations are extensions that fit together like a zipper between cells and are characteristic features found in tissues like the transitional epithelium, aligning with (iii) Common in transitional epithelium.

• (d) Adhering junctions are also known as zonula adherens or macula adherens, providing strong mechanical attachments between cells; they are accurately described by (i) Macula adherens.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 2. ii, iv, iii, i.

The columnar epithelium is found in the lining of stomach and intestine and help in secretion and absorption.

- Statement i is correct because frogs possess a well-developed closed vascular system that includes a heart with three chambers: two atria and one ventricle.

- Statement ii is also correct as the lymphatic system in frogs does consist of lymph, lymph channels, and lymph nodes, and it does not contain red blood cells.

- Statement iii is incorrect because the ventricle of a frog's heart opens into a conus arteriosus on the ventral side, not the dorsal side.

- Statement iv is correct; frogs have a hepatic portal system that connects the liver to the intestine.

Thus, statements i, ii, and iv are correct, making Option C the right answer.

• The intercellular matrix of cartilage is solid and pliable and resists compression.
• Cartilage is present in the tip of the nose, outer ear joints, between adjacent bones of the vertebral column, limbs and hands in adults.

Blood is a fluid connective tissue containing plasma, red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) and platelets.

- The Assertion is correct. Loose connective tissue, including areolar tissue, does provide structural support for epithelial cells due to its composition of loosely arranged cells and fibers in a semi-fluid matrix.

- The Reason is also correct; however, it does not explain the Assertion. While adipose tissue is a type of loose connective tissue responsible for fat storage, it does not relate to the supporting function of areolar tissue for epithelium. Therefore, the reason provided does not clarify or support the assertion.

In all connective tissues except blood, the cells secrete fibres of structural proteins called collagen or elastin.

Dense regular connective tissues have fibers and fibroblasts that are compactly packed. In these tissues, collagen fibers are aligned in parallel rows, indicating a compact arrangement suitable for providing tensile strength in one direction

Tongue is covered by non-keratinized squamous epithelial tissues having taste buds of different kinds in differentregions of tongue.

Ciliated columnar epithelial cells are rectangular in shape and have between 200 to 300 hair-like protrusions, called as cilia. Cells are interconnected via desmosomes and tight junctions. Ciliated columnar epithelial cells are found mainly in the tracheal and bronchial regions of the pulmonary system and also in the fallopian tubes of the female reproductive system.

• Bones have a hard and a non-pliable ground substance rich in calcium salts and collagen fibres which give bone its strength.
• Also, the matrix of the bone is present in the form of layers called lamellae.

• The Assertion is correct: Squamous epithelium, characterized by its single layer of flat cells, facilitates diffusion due to its minimal thickness, allowing for efficient exchange of gases and nutrients.
• The Reason is also correct: Cuboidal epithelium is indeed specialized for secretion and absorption, which differs from the function of the squamous epithelium.
• However, the Reason does not explain the Assertion; it describes a different type of epithelium and its function.

• Neural tissue exerts the greatest control over the body’s responsiveness to changing conditions.
• Neurons, the unit of the neural system are excitable cells.

- Statement i is incorrect because the alimentary canal of frogs is relatively short due to their carnivorous diet, which requires less digestive processing time.

- Statement ii is correct; the pancreas does produce pancreatic juice that contains enzymes for digesting carbohydrates and proteins.

- Statement iii is also correct; bile is secreted by the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and is responsible for emulsifying fats.

- Statement iv is incorrect because the undigested waste does not exit through the stomach; instead, it moves to the rectum and exits through the cloaca.

Thus, the correct statements are ii and iii, leading to the answer being Option A.

• Each muscle is made up of many long, cylindrical fibres arranged in parallel arrays.
• These fibres are composed of numerous fine fibrils called myofibrils.