Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) & Infertility - NEET MCQ

The technique of direct introduction of gametes into oviduct is called GIFT (gamete intrafallopian transfer).

In this technique the ovum taken from donor female and sperm from male is taken and fertilised in test tube medium to form zygote and then zygote transferred to fallopian tube.

Gamete Intrafallopian transfer (GIFT):

It is a technique that involves the transfer of gamete (ovum) from a donor into the fallopian tube of the recipient female who is unable to produce eggs, but has the ability to conceive and can provide right conditions for the development of an embryo.

Sexually transmitted infections  are some of the most preventable infections in the world. Nearly half of all STIs occur in people younger than 25 years old when sexual activity is high. Transmission of STI to others is more likely if the person has more than one sex partner or does not use condoms or fails to use it correctly (1, 2, 8). Many people may not show any signs and symptoms of STIs, yet they are able to spread infection to their partners. There are at least 20 different STIs. Some of the most common STIs include chlamydia, genital herpes, gonorrhea, hepatitis B, syphilis, trichomoniasis, hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus , which causes AIDS . Having other STIs, such as genital herpes, can increase the risk of HIV.

Syphilis, gonorrhoea and genital warts as STD caused by Treponemapallidum ,Neisseria gonorrhoeae and human papilloma virus. These pathogens directly infectand damage sex organs causing ichting fluid discharge, slight pain and swelling of genitalia. AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) is a set of symptoms caused by HIVvirus in humans. It is transmitted through sexual contacts from infected to healthy person. The HIV virus does not directly affect sex organs as such but produce other set of symptoms in the body of infected person. 

Except for hepatitis  genital herpes and HIV infections, other diseases are completely curable if detected early and treated properly.

• I. RTI - Reproductive Tract Infections: Correct. RTI stands for Reproductive Tract Infections, which are infections affecting the reproductive organs.

• II. VD - Venereal Diseases: Correct. VD stands for Venereal Diseases, which is an older term for what are now commonly referred to as STDs (Sexually Transmitted Diseases).

• III. STD - Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Correct. STD stands for Sexually Transmitted Diseases, which are infections transmitted through sexual contact.

• IV. IVF - Intra Vaginal Transfer: Incorrect. IVF stands for In Vitro Fertilization, not Intra Vaginal Transfer. IVF is a process where an egg is fertilized outside the body and then transferred to the uterus.

Thus, the correct statements are I, II, and III. Therefore, the correct option is 2: I, II, III.

• Surgical methods, also called sterilisation, are generally advised for the male/female partner as a terminal method to prevent any more pregnancies.
• Surgical intervention blocks gamete transport and thereby prevent conception.
• Sterilisation procedure in the male is called ‘vasectomy’ and that in the female, ‘tubectomy’.
• These techniques are highly effective but their reversibility is very poor.

• GIFT (Gamete Intra-Fallopian Transfer) involves placing gametes (ova and sperm) directly into the fallopian tube, where natural fertilization can occur (Column II, 3).

• IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) involves fertilizing eggs in the lab and then transferring embryos with more than 8 blastomeres into the uterus (Column II, 1).

• ICSI (Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection) involves injecting sperm directly into an ovum (Column II, 2).

• IUI (Intra-Uterine Insemination) involves introducing sperm into the uterus or vagina (Column II, 4).

Thus, the correct matches are:
(a) - 3
(b) - 1
(c) - 2
(d) - 4

Certain STDs, such as chlamydia and gonorrhea, can lead to infertility by causing chronic inflammation and scarring in the reproductive organs. If left untreated, these infections can lead to complications like Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) in women, which can damage the fallopian tubes and lead to infertility. In men, STDs can cause epididymitis or other complications that may affect sperm production and fertility. Thus, STDs can have a significant impact on reproductive health and lead to long-term infertility issues if not properly managed.