Important Questions (2 mark): Democratic Rights - Class 9 MCQ

Explanation:
The correct answer is option C: Freedom to participate in armed revolution.
Reasoning:
- Indian citizens have the right to freedom of speech and expression, which includes the freedom to start a movement or change the government (option A). This allows citizens to voice their opinions and advocate for political change.
- Indian citizens also have the right to freedom of expression, which includes the freedom to oppose the government (option B). This means that citizens can criticize the government's actions and policies without fear of persecution.
- However, the Indian Constitution does not grant citizens the freedom to participate in armed revolution (option C). Engaging in armed rebellion or violence against the government is considered illegal and can lead to severe legal consequences.
- Therefore, the correct answer is option C: Freedom to participate in armed revolution.
Summary:
In summary, Indian citizens have the freedom to start a movement or change the government, as well as the freedom to oppose the government. However, they do not have the freedom to participate in armed revolution.

Both the fundamental rights and directive principles of state policies have a common origin but, DPSP is not enforceable and questionable in court of law because they are the moral responsibilities of the state which a state has to follow for benefits of its citizens.
It includes policies of opening hospitals, etc. The state can or cannot fulfill this, but in our country, government is democratically elected so they are naturally answerable to voters so, state generally fulfills it but, there is no provision by which a state can be dragged to court of law for not fulfilling the DPSP.
But, it is not so in case of fundamental rights where a state is answerable to the court in a case when Citizens are denied their fundamental rights.

Cultural and Educational Rights

Cultural and educational rights are safeguarded mainly for minorities. These rights ensure that individuals belonging to minority communities have the freedom to preserve and promote their own culture, language, and traditions, as well as access to quality education. Here is a detailed explanation:

1. Protection of Minority Rights

• Minorities, which include ethnic, religious, and linguistic groups, are given special protection under cultural and educational rights.


• These rights aim to prevent the marginalization and assimilation of minority communities, allowing them to maintain their distinct cultural identities.

2. Preservation of Culture and Language

• Minorities have the right to preserve and promote their own culture, language, and traditions.


• They can freely practice their customs, celebrate festivals, and engage in cultural activities without any discrimination or interference.


• These rights help in fostering diversity, tolerance, and inclusivity in society.

3. Access to Quality Education

• Minorities have the right to receive education that is culturally and linguistically appropriate.


• They should have access to educational institutions and resources that respect and accommodate their cultural backgrounds.


• These rights aim to ensure equal opportunities for minority students to learn and develop their potential.

4. Promoting Equality and Social Justice

• Safeguarding cultural and educational rights for minorities promotes equality and social justice.


• It helps to bridge the gap between different communities and promotes mutual respect and understanding.


• By recognizing and valuing the cultural diversity within a society, these rights contribute to a harmonious and inclusive social fabric.

Therefore, cultural and educational rights are primarily safeguarded for minorities to protect their identities, preserve their cultural heritage, and ensure equal access to education.

Explanation:
The correct answer is B: Right to Vote.
Reasoning:
Fundamental Rights are a set of basic rights that are recognized and protected by the Constitution of a country. In India, the Fundamental Rights are enshrined in Part III of the Constitution.
The following are the Fundamental Rights in India:
A:

Right to Freedom

- This right includes the freedom of speech and expression, freedom of assembly, freedom to form associations or unions, freedom of movement, freedom to reside and settle in any part of the country, freedom of profession, occupation, trade, or business, and freedom to practice any profession or occupation.
B:

Right to Vote

- Although voting is an important aspect of democracy, it is not considered a Fundamental Right in India. The right to vote is provided under the Electoral Laws of the country, and it is a statutory right rather than a Fundamental Right.
C:

Right to Equality

- This right ensures equality before the law, prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth, and guarantees equal opportunity in matters of public employment.
D:

None of these

- This option is incorrect as it includes all the given choices and implies that all of them are Fundamental Rights.
Therefore, the correct answer is B: Right to Vote, as it is not a Fundamental Right in India.

Key Points:
- Fundamental rights are the basic rights and freedoms that every citizen of a country is entitled to.
- In India, fundamental rights are enshrined in the Constitution of India under Part III.
- The right to equality, right to freedom, and right to protect one's culture are available under the fundamental rights.
- The right to property was initially a fundamental right but was removed and is now a legal right.
Detailed Explanation:
The correct answer is D: Right to property. Here is a detailed explanation:
1. Right to Equality:
- The right to equality ensures that all individuals are treated equally before the law.
- It prohibits discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
- It guarantees equal protection of the law and equal opportunity in matters of employment.
2. Right to Freedom:
- The right to freedom guarantees various freedoms to the citizens.
- It includes freedom of speech and expression, freedom of assembly, freedom to form associations or unions, freedom of movement, freedom to reside and settle in any part of the country, and freedom to practice any profession or occupation.
3. Right to protect one's culture:
- The right to protect one's culture ensures that individuals have the freedom to preserve and promote their culture, language, and heritage.
- It allows individuals to practice and propagate their own religion and follow their own customs and traditions.
4. Right to property:
- The right to property was initially a fundamental right under Article 19(1)(f) of the Indian Constitution.
- However, it was removed as a fundamental right through the 44th Amendment Act, 1978.
- Currently, the right to property is a legal right and is protected under Article 300A of the Constitution.
In conclusion, the right to property is not available under the fundamental rights in India.

What does the word 'secular' mean?

The word 'secular' refers to the separation of religion from the affairs of the state. In the context of India being a secular state, it means that:

A: The state gives protection to the Hindu religion

No, this statement is incorrect. While India is a predominantly Hindu-majority country, being a secular state means that the government does not favor any particular religion and provides equal protection to all religions.

B: The state allows only the majority to propagate their religion

No, this statement is also incorrect. In a secular state like India, every citizen is free to practice and propagate their religion without any discrimination or hindrance, regardless of their religious majority or minority status.

C: The state has no religion of its own

Yes, this statement is correct. In India, being a secular state means that the government does not promote or favor any particular religion. It remains neutral and treats all religions equally, without having a state religion.

D: None of the above

No, the correct answer is C. The statement mentioned in option C accurately describes the meaning of secularism in the context of India.

In summary, being a secular state means that India does not have an official state religion and the government treats all religions equally, providing protection and freedom to practice and propagate one's religion without any discrimination.

The right to constitutional remedies is often referred to as the heart and soul of the Indian Constitution. Here is a detailed explanation of why it holds such significance:
1. Importance:
- The right to constitutional remedies is enshrined in Article 32 of the Indian Constitution, which allows individuals to directly approach the Supreme Court for the enforcement of their fundamental rights.
- It ensures that every citizen has access to justice and can seek legal remedies in case of violation of their rights.
- This right acts as a safeguard against any form of arbitrary action by the state or its authorities.
2. Role in protecting other fundamental rights:
- The right to constitutional remedies is instrumental in protecting and upholding other fundamental rights.
- It enables individuals to seek redressal if their rights to equality, freedom, and religion, among others, are violated.
- This right ensures that the other fundamental rights are not mere paper provisions but hold practical value and can be enforced.
3. Judicial review:
- The right to constitutional remedies empowers the judiciary to review the actions and laws passed by the government.
- It allows the courts to strike down any legislation or executive action that is found to be unconstitutional or in violation of fundamental rights.
- This ensures a system of checks and balances and prevents the abuse of power by the legislature and executive.
4. Protection of minority rights:
- The right to constitutional remedies plays a crucial role in protecting the rights of minorities, including religious and linguistic minorities.
- It allows individuals belonging to minority communities to seek legal remedies if their rights are infringed upon or if they face discrimination.
5. Enforcement of socio-economic rights:
- The right to constitutional remedies also extends to socio-economic rights, such as the right to education, right to livelihood, and right to a clean environment.
- It enables individuals to approach the courts if these rights are violated or neglected by the government or any other entity.
In conclusion, the right to constitutional remedies is rightfully considered the heart and soul of the Indian Constitution as it ensures the effective enforcement of all other fundamental rights and acts as a safeguard against the abuse of power.

The State

• Civil rights are given to the individual by the state.

Explanation:

Civil rights are the basic rights and freedoms that individuals have in society. They are designed to protect individuals from discrimination and ensure their equal treatment and opportunities. The question asks who grants these rights to individuals, and the correct answer is the state. Here's why:

• The state: Civil rights are typically established and protected by laws and regulations enacted by the state. Governments create laws and establish institutions to safeguard civil rights and ensure their enforcement.


• Legislation: The state passes legislation, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights or the Civil Rights Act, which outlines and protects the rights and freedoms of individuals.


• Enforcement: The state is responsible for enforcing these laws and ensuring that individuals' civil rights are respected and protected. This includes establishing law enforcement agencies, judicial systems, and other institutions to address violations and provide remedies.


• Amendment: Civil rights can also be expanded or modified by the state through the amendment of existing laws or the creation of new legislation. This allows for the recognition and inclusion of additional rights or the adjustment of existing ones to reflect societal changes.

While nature, God, and the people may be sources of inspiration or influence for the concept of civil rights, it is ultimately the state that grants and protects these rights through legal frameworks and institutions.

The correct option is A.
The Fundamental Rights are defined as the basic human rights of all citizens. These rights, defined in Part III of the Constitution, applied irrespective of race, place of birth, religion, caste, creed, or gender. They are enforceable by the courts, subject to specific restrictions.

Right available to the citizens of India and not to the citizens of Saudi Arabia:
- Freedom of Religion: In India, citizens enjoy the freedom to practice and propagate any religion of their choice. They have the right to follow their own beliefs and freely participate in religious activities. On the other hand, in Saudi Arabia, the state religion is Islam, and the government enforces strict restrictions on the practice of other religions. Non-Muslims face limitations on building places of worship and openly expressing their religious beliefs.
Rights available to the citizens of Saudi Arabia:
- The country is ruled by a hereditary king: Saudi Arabia is a monarchy with a hereditary king who holds ultimate power and authority. The citizens of Saudi Arabia do not have the right to elect their leaders or participate in the selection of the king.
- Citizens cannot form political parties: Saudi Arabia does not allow the formation of political parties or any organized political opposition. The government exercises strict control over political activities and tightly regulates public dissent.
- Women are subjected to many public restrictions: Women in Saudi Arabia face numerous restrictions on their personal freedoms and rights. They are required to have a male guardian, face limitations on their mobility, and are subject to strict dress codes and segregation in public spaces.
Therefore, the right available to the citizens of India and not to the citizens of Saudi Arabia is the freedom of religion.

Explanation:
The correct answer is B: B.R. Ambedkar.
- B.R. Ambedkar, also known as Babasaheb Ambedkar, was a prominent Indian jurist, economist, and politician who played a key role in drafting the Indian Constitution.
- He called the right to constitutional remedies as the heart and soul of the constitution.
- The right to constitutional remedies is enshrined in Article 32 of the Indian Constitution. It allows citizens to approach the Supreme Court of India for the enforcement of their fundamental rights.
- Ambedkar believed that without the right to constitutional remedies, the fundamental rights guaranteed by the constitution would be meaningless.
- He emphasized the importance of this right to ensure that individuals could seek justice and protection against any violation of their fundamental rights.
- Ambedkar's vision for the constitution was to provide a strong framework for protecting the rights and interests of all citizens, particularly the marginalized and oppressed sections of society.
In conclusion, B.R. Ambedkar called the right to constitutional remedies as the heart and soul of the constitution due to its vital role in safeguarding fundamental rights and ensuring justice for all citizens.

The National Human Right Commission is an independent commission, set up by the law in the year 1993:
Explanation:
The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is an autonomous and independent body established in India to protect and promote human rights. It was set up under the Protection of Human Rights Act in the year 1993.
Key Points:
- The NHRC is mandated to inquire into complaints of human rights violations, intervene in cases pending before the courts, and promote human rights awareness.
- The commission is responsible for the protection and promotion of human rights, including civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights.
- It has the power to visit jails, detention centers, and any other place where a person is detained under law.
- The NHRC has the authority to recommend payment of compensation to the victims of human rights violations.
- It is composed of a chairperson and several members, who are appointed by the President of India.
- The NHRC plays a crucial role in ensuring the accountability of the state and its agencies in upholding human rights.
Conclusion:
The National Human Rights Commission was established in 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Act to protect and promote human rights in India.

Answer:

The Fundamental Right that prohibits traffic in human beings is the Right against exploitation.

Explanation:

• Right against exploitation: This fundamental right ensures that no person shall be subjected to human trafficking, forced labor, or other forms of exploitation.


• Right to freedom: Although the right to freedom also protects individuals from being subjected to slavery or forced labor, it does not specifically address the issue of trafficking in human beings.


• Right to equality: The right to equality ensures equal treatment and protection for all individuals, but it does not specifically address the prohibition of traffic in human beings.


• Right to freedom of religion: This right guarantees individuals the freedom to practice any religion of their choice but does not directly address the issue of human trafficking.

Therefore, the correct answer is A: Right against exploitation, as it specifically addresses and prohibits traffic in human beings.

Explanation:
The Right to Freedom in India is enshrined in Article 19 of the Constitution. It provides several freedoms to the citizens of India, but one of these freedoms is not available. Let's break it down:
Freedom of speech and expression:
- This freedom allows individuals to express their thoughts, opinions, and ideas freely.
- It includes the right to criticize the government and its actions.
- It is an essential part of a democratic society.
Freedom to incite people to rebel against the government:
- This freedom is not available under the Right to Freedom in India.
- Inciting people to rebel against the government can lead to social unrest and threaten the stability of the nation.
- The government has the responsibility to maintain law and order and protect the interests of its citizens.
Freedom to assemble in a peaceful manner:
- This freedom allows individuals to gather and protest peacefully.
- It is an important democratic right that allows people to express their grievances and demand change.
Freedom to form associations and unions:
- This freedom allows individuals to form groups, associations, and unions to protect their rights and interests.
- It is a fundamental right that promotes collective action and strengthens democracy.
Conclusion:
- The freedom not available under the Right to Freedom in India is the freedom to incite people to rebel against the government.
- This limitation is in place to maintain social order and protect the stability of the country.

Public Interest Litigation (PIL)
PIL stands for Public Interest Litigation, which is a legal mechanism that allows individuals or organizations to bring cases to the court for the protection of public interest or the enforcement of legal rights. It is an important tool in promoting social justice, holding authorities accountable, and ensuring access to justice for marginalized groups. Here are the key points about PIL:
1. Definition: PIL is a legal action initiated by an individual or a group of individuals, acting in the interest of the public, to seek justice, protect fundamental rights, and address issues of public concern.
2. Scope: PIL can be filed in various areas such as environmental protection, human rights violations, consumer protection, corruption, gender equality, public health, and more. It allows citizens to challenge unconstitutional laws, government policies, or administrative actions.
3. Access to Justice: PIL provides an avenue for individuals who may not have personal standing or resources to approach the court. It helps in bridging the gap between the marginalized sections of society and the justice system.
4. Role of Courts: Courts play a crucial role in PIL cases by intervening in matters of public importance and issuing directions or guidelines to the government or other authorities to enforce constitutional rights and fulfill public obligations.
5. Public Interest: PIL focuses on issues that affect a large section of society or have a significant impact on public welfare. The court evaluates the merit of the case based on the public interest involved.
6. Judicial Activism: PIL has been instrumental in promoting judicial activism, where the courts proactively engage in social issues and policy matters to protect citizens' rights and ensure good governance.
In conclusion, PIL, which stands for Public Interest Litigation, is a legal mechanism that allows individuals or organizations to bring cases to the court in the interest of public welfare. It plays a vital role in promoting social justice, accountability, and access to justice for marginalized groups.

Explanation:
The correct answer is D: Parents property is inherited by the children. This statement is not true regarding the Fundamental Rights. The Fundamental Rights in most countries, including India, do not guarantee inheritance rights. Inheritance laws are usually governed by separate laws, such as succession laws or personal laws, which vary from country to country and are not necessarily covered under the scope of Fundamental Rights.
To further explain the other options:
A: Men and women government employees get the same salary. This statement is true regarding the Fundamental Rights, as equal pay for equal work is a fundamental right that promotes gender equality.
B: Christian missionaries set up a chain of missionary schools. This statement is true regarding the Fundamental Rights, as individuals have the right to establish and manage educational institutions, including religious schools, as long as they adhere to the laws and regulations of the country.
C: Workers from Uttar Pradesh go to Punjab to work on the farms. This statement is true regarding the Fundamental Rights, as individuals have the freedom to move and reside in any part of the country and engage in any lawful occupation or business.

Freedom available to Indian citizens:
- Freedom to criticise the government
- Freedom to reside in any part of the country
Freedom not available to Indian citizens:
- Freedom to participate in armed rebellion
Explanation:
- Indian citizens have the freedom to criticise the government. This means they have the right to express their opinions, voice their concerns, and hold the government accountable for its actions and policies.
- Indian citizens also have the freedom to reside in any part of the country. They can choose to live and work in any state or union territory without any restrictions.
- However, the freedom to participate in armed rebellion is not available to Indian citizens. Engaging in armed rebellion or taking up arms against the government is considered a criminal act and is punishable under the law.
Conclusion:
In summary, Indian citizens have the freedom to criticise the government and the freedom to reside in any part of the country. However, they do not have the freedom to participate in armed rebellion.

Under the Culture and Educational Right in India, all of the options except Option B are allowed. Admissions cannot be denied on the basis of religion and culture in government aided educational organisations set up by cultural groups. Here is a detailed explanation:
Option A: Every cultural group has the right to protect its language and culture.
- This is allowed under the Culture and Educational Right in India.
- It ensures that every cultural group has the freedom to preserve and promote its language and culture.
Option B: Admissions can be denied on the basis of religion and culture in government aided educational organisations set up by cultural groups.
- This is not allowed under the Culture and Educational Right in India.
- The Indian Constitution prohibits discrimination based on religion and culture in educational institutions, especially those receiving government aid.
Option C: All minority groups have the right to establish educational institutions of their choice.
- This is allowed under the Culture and Educational Right in India.
- Minority groups have the right to establish and administer educational institutions to protect and preserve their culture and identity.
Option D: None of these.
- This option is incorrect as Option B is not allowed under the Culture and Educational Right in India.
In conclusion, Option B is the correct answer as it goes against the principles of non-discrimination and equal access to education in India.

Political rights include natural justice (procedural fairness) in law, such as the rights of the accused, including the right to a fair trial; due process; the right to seek redress or a legal remedy; and rights of participation in civil society and politics such as freedom of association, the right to assemble. 
Right to freedom is a Fundamental right.

Secular means not to support any "one religion." Thus the secular philosophy of a country is not affected if a person propagates his own religion or converts to any other religion on his own will . But it is affected when religious instructions are given in govt. schools where children from various religious backgrounds come to.