Test: Matter In Our Surroundings - 1 - UPSC

Diffusion becomes faster at high temperatures. This is because, at higher temperatures, the particles of matter gain more kinetic energy, allowing them to move more rapidly and intermix more quickly. As temperature increases, the kinetic energy overcomes the forces of attraction between particles, facilitating faster diffusion.

The random movement of microscopic particles in a fluid is known as Brownian motion. This phenomenon was first observed by Robert Brown and is a result of continuous collisions between the particles and molecules in the surrounding medium.

Matter is classified based on particle arrangement. The three main categories are solid, liquid, and gas, each characterized by different arrangements and behaviors of particles.

Water boils at 100ºC at atmospheric pressure. This is the temperature at which the liquid rapidly changes into a gas.

The process in which a gas turns into a liquid on cooling at a specific temperature is called condensation.

The latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat energy required to change a solid into a liquid at atmospheric pressure and at its melting point.

Liquefaction of gases is the process in which a gas is liquified to change its state from gas to liquid. A gases can be liquified by increasing pressure and reducing the temperature.

Humidity does not affect the rate of evaporation. The rate of evaporation increases with an increase in surface area, temperature, and wind speed.

The process of converting a substance from the liquid state to the gaseous state at any temperature below its boiling point is called evaporation.

During evaporation, the particles of liquid absorb energy or latent heat of vaporization from the surroundings. This absorption of energy makes the surroundings cold, causing evaporation to have a cooling effect.