Test: Mineral & Energy Resources - 1 - UPSC

Abrasive minerals like silica, limestone, aluminium oxide and various phosphate minerals do the cleaning. Fluoride which is used to reduce cavities, comes from a mineral fluorite. Most toothpaste are made white with titanium oxide, which comes from minerals called rutile, ilmenite and anatase. 

The most recoverable form of bromine is from soluble salts found in seawater, salt lakes, inland seas and brine wells. Sea water contains bromine in about 65 parts per million (ppm) but bromine is found in much higher concentrations (2,500 to 10,000 ppm) in inland seas and brine wells.

C is the correct option. Nagercoil and Jaisalmer are well known for effective use of wind energy in the country.

The correct answer is A as Bauxite is found mainly in tertiary deposits and is associated with laterite rocks occurring extensively either on the plateau or hill ranges of peninsular India and also in the coastal tracts of the country. Odisha happens to be the largest producer of Bauxite.

B is the correct option.Khetri is actually two towns, "Khetri Town" founded by Raja Khet Singhji Nirwan and "Khetri Nagar" which is about 10 km away from Khetri. Khetri Nagar, well known for its “Copper” Project, was built by and is under the control of Hindustan Copper Limited, a public sector undertaking under the Government of India.

India is critically deficient in the reserve and production of copper. Being malleable, ductile and a good conductor, copper is mainly used in electrical cables, electronics and chemical industries.

Among the above the oldest oil producing state or the oldest state in general in the country that produces oil in India is the oil refinery that is situated in the state of Assam. The name of the oil refinery in Assam is Digboi situated in the "Tinsukia district".

Answer:
The mineral that is formed as a result of evaporation in arid regions is Gypsum. Here is a detailed explanation:
Formation of Minerals through Evaporation:
- Evaporation occurs when a liquid is converted into a gas, leaving behind any dissolved minerals or solids.
- In arid regions, where there is limited rainfall and high temperatures, evaporation rates are high.
- As water evaporates, it leaves behind the dissolved minerals, which eventually form minerals through the process of crystallization.
Gypsum Formation:
- Gypsum is a common mineral that forms through the process of evaporation in arid regions.
- It is composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O) and has a white or transparent color.
- When water containing dissolved calcium sulfate evaporates, the concentration of calcium sulfate increases, leading to the precipitation of gypsum crystals.
- These crystals can accumulate over time, forming thick layers of gypsum deposits.
Other Options:
- Zinc, coal, and copper are not formed as a result of evaporation in arid regions.
- Zinc is primarily obtained from zinc ores and is not directly formed through evaporation.
- Coal is formed from the remains of plants that lived millions of years ago and underwent a process called carbonization.
- Copper is primarily obtained from copper ores and is not directly formed through evaporation.
Conclusion:
- Gypsum is the mineral that is formed as a result of evaporation in arid regions.
- It forms through the process of crystallization when water containing dissolved calcium sulfate evaporates.
- Zinc, coal, and copper are not formed through evaporation in arid regions.

Lignite, often referred to as brown coal, is a soft, brown, combustible, sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat. It is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat content.

In India, the Gulf of Kachchh, provides ideal conditions for utilising tidal energy. A 900 mw tidal energy power plant is set up here by the National Hydropower Corporation.
In India, the tidal energy is generated in Gulf of Khambhat, the Gulf of Kuchchh in Gujarat and Gangetic delta. 

B is the correct option.Bauxite is a mineral which is formed by decomposition of rocks, leaving a residual mass of weathered material.

Madhya Pradesh is the largest producer of manganese ores in India. It accounted for one-third of the country’s total production in 2019-20

Hence, the correct option is 'D'.

The correct option is A.
Major metallic minerals like tin, copper, zinc and lead etc. are obtained from veins and lodes. sodium salt. These are formed as a result of evaporation especially in arid regions.

Gobar Gas Plant construction. Bio gas is a clean unpolluted and cheap source of energy in rural areas. It consists of 55-70% methane which is inflammable. Bio gas is produced from cattle dung in a bio gas plant commonly known as gobar gas plant through a process called digestion.

Due to the alpha decay of thorium and uranium, monazite contains a significant amount of helium, which can be extracted by heating. Monazite is an important ore for thorium, lanthanum, and cerium. It is often found in placer deposits. India, Madagascar, and South Africa have large deposits of monazite sands.

C is the correct option.Uranium and Thorium, which are available in Jharkhand and the Aravalli ranges of Rajasthan are used for generating atomic or nuclear power. The Monazite sands of Kerala is also rich in Thorium.

C is the correct option.The Kudremukh mines located in the Western Ghats of Karnataka are a 100 per cent export unit. Kudremukh deposits are known to be one of the largest in the world. The ore is transported as slurry through a pipeline to a port near Mangalore.

The largest solar power plant in the world, the Bhadla Solar Park is located in Bhadla village, in Rajasthan's Jodhpur district. Spanning 14,000 acres, the fully operational power plant has been installed with a capacity of nearly 2,250 megawatts (MW).

D is the correct option.Koderma district is rich in minerals. The Koderma district and the Lokai-Indarwa area covers the southern part of Great Mica-Belt of Jharkhand, Bihar, and India.

B is the correct option.Most of the minerals in India are nationalised and they can be extracted with due permission of the government. ... Mining of minerals like coal, iron ore, limestone, dolomite, etc., is done by family members in the form of a long narrow tunnel, known as 'Rat-hole Mining'.
Rat-hole mining is a primitive and hazardous method of mining for coal, with tunnels that are only 3-4 feet in diameter (hence, rat-hole), leading to pits ranging from 5-100 sq.
 

B is the correct option.About 63 per cent of India's petroleum production is from Mumbai High, 18 per cent from Gujarat and 16 per cent from Assam.

C is the correct option.Minerals are found in layers or strata in sedimentary rocks. Minerals are accumulated in horizontal strata after being exposed to high heat and pressure for a long period of time. Coal, iron ore, gypsum, potash salt etc are formed in this way.

A is the correct option.Atomic energy a non-conventional energy resource. Nuclear power has never provided more than about 2% of the world's energy demand (10% of demand is electricity and 20% of that is nuclear over about 50 years. )

Certain minerals may occur as alluvial deposits in sands of valley floors and the base of hills. These deposits are called 'placer deposits' and generally contain minerals which are not corroded by water. Gold, silver, tin and platinum are most important among such minerals.