Test: Infrastructure - 2 - UPSC MCQ

The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) was launched by the Hon’ble Prime Minister on 12th April 2005, to provide accessible, affordable and quality health care to the rural population, especially the vulnerable 

Partnership in Excellence Programme: Stations for Improving Efficiency
The question asks how many stations have been taken up for improving efficiency in the programme 'Partnership in Excellence'. The answer is option B: 26 stations. Here is a detailed explanation:
1. Partnership in Excellence Programme: This programme aims to enhance efficiency and productivity in various sectors.
2. Stations for Improving Efficiency: The programme focuses on setting up stations to address specific areas for improvement. These stations act as centers for implementing strategies and measures to enhance efficiency.
3. Number of Stations: The total number of stations taken up for improving efficiency in the programme is 26.
4. Significance of the Stations: Each station is dedicated to a particular aspect or sector where efficiency improvements are needed. These stations work towards identifying and implementing best practices, conducting research and development, and providing training and support to improve efficiency.
5. Impact of the Programme: The Partnership in Excellence programme plays a crucial role in driving positive changes in various sectors by targeting specific areas for improvement and implementing effective strategies through the established stations.
In conclusion, the 'Partnership in Excellence' programme has taken up 26 stations to improve efficiency in various sectors. These stations serve as centers for implementing measures, conducting research, and providing training to enhance productivity and effectiveness.

India's Growing Demand for Electricity
Current Electricity Capacity Addition
- India is currently able to add only 20,000 MW of new capacity per year.
Need for Additional Capacity
- To meet the growing demand for electricity, India needs to add a significant amount of new capacity.
Required Capacity Addition
- The required capacity addition is 100,000 MW.
Comparison
- The current capacity addition of 20,000 MW is insufficient to meet the demand.
- India needs to add 100,000 MW of new capacity, but is only able to add 20,000 MW.
Answer
- The correct answer is D: 100,000 MW, 20,000 MW.
Explanation
- The question asks for the amount of new capacity that India needs to add in order to meet the growing demand for electricity.
- The question also provides the current capacity addition rate in India.
- By comparing the required capacity addition with the current capacity addition, we can determine the correct answer.
- The correct answer is D: 100,000 MW, 20,000 MW, as it correctly states that India needs to add 100,000 MW of new capacity, but is currently only able to add 20,000 MW.

The correct answer is C: 2.4 percent.
Here is a detailed explanation:
- Nuclear energy refers to the energy that is released during nuclear reactions, either through nuclear fission or fusion.
- Total primary energy consumption refers to the total amount of energy consumed across all sectors, including residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation.
- The question is asking for the percentage of total primary energy consumption that is accounted for by nuclear energy at present.
- To find this percentage, we need to divide the amount of energy produced by nuclear power by the total primary energy consumption and then multiply by 100.
- According to the latest data, nuclear energy accounts for approximately 2.4% of total primary energy consumption.
- This means that out of every 100 units of energy consumed, around 2.4 units are produced by nuclear power.
- It is worth noting that the percentage may vary slightly depending on the data source and the year of reference.
- However, based on the options provided, the closest percentage to the actual value is 2.4%, which is option C.
In conclusion, at present, nuclear energy accounts for approximately 2.4% of total primary energy consumption.

The question asks for the percentage of households with an electricity connection and the percentage of households still using kerosene in rural India according to the census 2001.
According to the given options, the correct answer is B: 56,43. Let's break it down:
Percentage of households with an electricity connection:
- Option B states that 56% of households in rural India have an electricity connection. This means that more than half of the households in rural India have access to electricity.
Percentage of households still using kerosene:
- Option B also states that 43% of households in rural India still use kerosene. This means that a significant portion of households in rural India rely on kerosene for their energy needs.
Therefore, option B (56,43) is the correct answer based on the census 2001 data.

Tap water availability is limited to only 24 percent of the rural households. About 76 percent of the population drinks water from open sources, such as wells, tanks, ponds, lake, rivers, canals etc.

To determine the correct answer, we need to consider the ranking of India among other countries in terms of wind energy production.
India's rank in wind energy production:
- India is the fifth largest producer of wind energy in the world.
Reasoning:
- India has been rapidly expanding its wind energy capacity over the years, with a significant increase in installed wind power capacity.
- The country has favorable geographical conditions and a vast coastline that allows for the harnessing of wind energy.
- The Indian government has also introduced various policies and incentives to promote renewable energy, including wind power.
- As a result, India has made substantial progress in wind energy production, leading to its high ranking among the top wind energy producing countries in the world.
Conclusion:
Considering the above information, we can conclude that India is the fifth largest producer of wind energy. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

To determine which source has the largest share of energy consumption out of the total commercial energy consumption in India, we need to analyze the given options and their respective shares.
Given Options:
A: Hydro energy
B: Natural gas
C: Coal
D: Oil
Analysis:
Out of the given options, we need to find the source that has the largest share of consumption, which means we are looking for the option with the highest percentage.
Source with Largest Share:
To find the source with the largest share, we need to compare the percentages of each option.
- Hydro energy: No specific percentage is mentioned.
- Natural gas: No specific percentage is mentioned.
- Coal: No specific percentage is mentioned.
- Oil: No specific percentage is mentioned.
Since no specific percentages are provided for each option, we cannot determine the source with the largest share based on the given information.

Infrastructure is divided into two categories which are economic and social. (i) Social Infrastructure Infrastructure related with energy transportation and communication all come under the economic and the infrastructure related with education, health and housing are come under the social infrastructure. (ii) Economic Infrastructure The economic growth attained with the help of economic infrastructure is incomplete without human development. The basic functions of society that are necessary to transport resources; and people, produce and trade all are Incomplete without money or economic support. Thus one infrastructure supports the other. Hence, they both are interdependent.

Definition:
Morbidity is the state of being diseased or the incidence of disease within a population.
Explanation:
The given statement talks about the propensity to fall ill and its impact on work. Here, the word "propensity" refers to the likelihood or tendency to do something. So, the statement is discussing the likelihood of falling ill and how it affects work.
Key Points:
- The correct answer is C: Morbidity.
- Morbidity refers to the state of being diseased or the incidence of disease within a population.
- It is the appropriate term to describe the propensity to fall ill and its impact on work.
- Morbidity affects work by making a person temporarily disabled due to illness.
- When someone falls ill, they may experience physical or mental limitations that prevent them from performing their work duties effectively.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the word that best fits the given statement is "Morbidity" (option C). Morbidity accurately describes the propensity to fall ill and its impact on work, as it refers to the state of being diseased or the incidence of disease within a population.

Conventional sources of energy are the natural energy resources which are present in a limited quantity and are being used for a long time. These include coal, petroleum, natural gas and nuclear energy. These are further classified as commercial energy and non-commercial energy.  
These are coal, petroleum and electricity. These are called commercial energy because they have a price and consumer has to pay the price to purchase them.
These sources include fuel wood, straw and dried dung. These are commonly used in rural India.

Secondary Source of Energy:
There are several sources of energy, some of which are primary sources while others are secondary sources. Secondary sources of energy are those that are derived from primary sources and undergo a conversion process to be used as a form of energy.
Among the options provided, the secondary source of energy is Electricity (Option D). Here is a detailed explanation:
Primary Sources of Energy:
- Primary sources of energy are natural resources that can be directly used to generate energy.
- Examples of primary sources include fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas), nuclear energy, solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectric power, etc.
Secondary Sources of Energy:
- Secondary sources of energy are produced by converting primary sources into a usable form.
- These sources are generated through various processes, such as combustion, nuclear reactions, or harnessing natural forces.
- Some common secondary sources of energy include electricity, gasoline, diesel fuel, and steam.
Explanation:
- Oil (Option A) is a primary source of energy, as it is a fossil fuel that can be directly used for various purposes such as transportation, heating, and electricity generation.
- Nuclear energy (Option B) is also a primary source of energy, as it is produced through nuclear reactions and can be directly used to generate electricity.
- Hydrocarbons (Option C) are a broad category of compounds that include fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas, and coal. These are primary sources of energy.
- Electricity (Option D) is a secondary source of energy, as it is generated by converting primary sources such as fossil fuels, nuclear energy, or renewable sources into electrical energy.
Therefore, the correct answer is D: Electricity as the secondary source of energy.

Explanation:
When coal is used for electricity generation and the electricity generated is consumed by industries, coal becomes the primary source of energy. Here's a detailed explanation:
1. Primary source:
- A primary source refers to the original and direct source of energy.
- In this case, coal is directly used for electricity generation.
- Coal is burned in power plants to produce steam, which drives turbines connected to generators to produce electricity.
2. Electricity generation:
- When coal is burned, it releases heat energy, which is converted into electrical energy through the process of electricity generation.
- The electricity generated is a secondary form of energy.
3. Consumption by industries:
- The electricity generated from coal is then consumed by industries for various purposes such as manufacturing, production, and operation of machinery.
- Industries rely on electricity as a source of power to carry out their day-to-day activities.
4. Conclusion:
- In this scenario, coal is considered the primary source of energy because it is directly used for electricity generation.
- The electricity generated from coal is a secondary source of energy.
- The industries consuming this electricity rely on coal as the primary source of energy for their operations.

Health means:
- Absence of disease: This refers to the state of being free from any illness or medical condition. It implies that a person is physically and mentally well without any signs or symptoms of disease.
- Ability to realize one's potential: Health is not just the absence of disease but also the ability to function optimally and achieve one's goals. It encompasses physical, mental, and social well-being, enabling individuals to live a fulfilling and productive life.
- Both: Health is a holistic concept that includes both the absence of disease and the ability to realize one's potential. It goes beyond the absence of illness and focuses on overall well-being and the capacity to lead a meaningful life.
- None: This option is incorrect as health is not just the absence of disease but also encompasses other aspects of well-being and personal growth.
In conclusion, health is not only about being disease-free but also about having the ability to reach one's full potential. It is a combination of physical, mental, and social well-being.

Health indicators are characteristics of a population which is used describing the health of population.
A morbidity indicator is a value describing the presence of disease in the population, or the degree of risk of an event.
Mortality rate means measure of number of deaths in a population.
The infant mortality rate is the number of infant deaths for every 1,000 live births. Thus, giving us key information about maternal and infant health, the infant mortality rate is an important marker of the overall health of a society.

The Government of India has decided to launch a National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) to address the health needs of rural population, especially the vulnerable sections of society. The Sub-centre is the most peripheral level of contact with the community under the public health infrastructure. ASHA will be a health activist in the community who will create awareness on health and its social determinants and mobilize the community towards local health planning and increased utilization and accountability of the existing health services. The general norm was to have ‘One ASHA per 1000 population’.  A trained female community health worker – ASHA – is being provided in each village in the ratio of one per 1000 population.

Definition of MTOE:
MTOE stands for Million tonnes of oil equivalent. It is a unit of measurement used to compare different forms of energy based on their heating value, with oil being the reference point.
Explanation:
To answer this question, we need to identify the correct definition of MTOE.
- A: Million tonnes of natural gas equivalent: This is not the correct definition of MTOE. While natural gas is a form of energy, it is not the reference point for MTOE.
- B: Million tonnes of oil equivalent: This is the correct definition of MTOE. It represents the amount of energy equivalent to one million metric tonnes of oil. Oil is the reference point for this unit of measurement.
- C: Million tonnes of coal equivalent: This is not the correct definition of MTOE. While coal is a form of energy, it is not the reference point for MTOE.
- D: Meter tonnes of oil equivalent: This is not the correct definition of MTOE. The correct unit for MTOE is million tonnes, not meter tonnes.
Therefore, the correct answer is B: Million tonnes of oil equivalent.

GSLV to Launch EDUSAT on September 20, 2004. Preparations for the launch of EDUSAT by India's Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV-F01) are proceeding satisfactorily at Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) SHAR, Sriharikota.

GBD stands for Global Burden Disease
- GBD is an abbreviation for Global Burden Disease, a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from major diseases, injuries, and risk factors.
- It is a systematic analysis conducted by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) and provides a comprehensive view of global health trends and the impact of diseases and injuries on populations.
- GBD measures the burden of diseases in terms of years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).
- It takes into account various factors such as age, sex, and geography to estimate the burden of diseases and injuries worldwide.
- GBD provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and public health professionals to prioritize health interventions and allocate resources effectively.
- The findings from GBD help in understanding the leading causes of death and disability globally and guide efforts to improve health outcomes.
- GBD is an ongoing project that updates its estimates periodically to reflect the changing patterns of diseases and risk factors.
- The data generated by GBD is freely available and accessible to researchers and policymakers for further analysis and decision-making.

The Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy is purposed with developing education, research and propagation of indigenous alternative medicine systems in India. 
The full form AYUSH suggests its purpose and it does not include Samveda.