Political Science: CUET Mock Test - 3 - CUET MCQ

Indian Peace Keeping Force was the Indian military contingent performing a peacekeeping operation in Sri Lanka between 1987 and 1990.

The correct answer is North-East Frontier Agency.

Key Points

• On 15th August 1947 when India became an independent nation, North East Frontier Agency commonly known as NEFA became an integral part of the Union of India.
• NEFA was renamed Arunachal Pradesh on January 20, 1972
• Arunachal Pradesh means 'Land of the dawn-lit mountains.
• Arunachal Pradesh is the largest state in the Northeast, among the seven sisters
• The state shares a total of 1630 km of international boundary with neighboring countries; 1030 km with China, 160 km with Bhutan, and 440 km with Myanmar.
• Arunachal Pradesh has the highest number of regional languages in the Indian subcontinent
• Earlier the state was divided into 17 districts, but in the year 2013, 4 new districts were created taking the total to 21.

The correct answer is 1998.

Key Points

• Pokhran-II was the series of five nuclear bomb test explosions conducted by India at the Indian Army's Pokhran Test Range in May 1998.
• It was the second Indian nuclear test, the first test, code-named Smiling Buddha, was conducted in May 1974.
• Pokhran 2 was code-named Operation Shakti.

Additional Information

• The "Smiling Buddha" was the code name of the first successful nuclear bomb test in India.
• This test was conducted on 18 May 1974.
• The bomb was detonated on the army base name of this base is "Pokhran Test Range (PTR)".
• This range is in Rajasthan.
• The Indian Army under the supervision of several key army officials conducted this test successfully.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• The Non-aligned Movement was a movement opposed to the bloc politics prevalent during The Cold War period.
• It stood on the remains of the Colonial World Order present before World war 2, it was a collective effort of the post-colonial countries of mostly Asia, Africa, and South America to reclaim their foreign policy without following the dictates of either of the blocs present then.
• While some meetings with a third-world perspective were held before 1955, historians consider that the Bandung Asian-African Conference is the most immediate antecedent to the creation of the Non-Aligned Movement. This Conference was held in Bandung in April 1955, and gathered 29 Heads of States of post-colonial leaders.
• Six years after Bandung, the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries was founded on a wider geographical basis at the First Summit Conference of Belgrade, which was held in September 1961.

The correct answer is Sri Lanka.

• The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam was a Tamil militant organization that was based in Sri Lanka.

Key Points

• Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE):
  • It was a Tamil militant organization that was based in northeastern Sri Lanka.
  • Its aim was to secure an independent state of Tamil Eelam in the north and east of Sri Lanka.
  • It was founded by Velupillai Prabhakaran in 1976.
  • The group assassinated various high profile people like Rajiv Gandhi, the former Prime Minister of India in May 1991 and Ranasinghe Premadasa, the President of Sri Lanka in May 1993.
  • Indian peacekeeping forces launched Operation Pawan on 9 October 1987.

The correct answer is MN Roy.Key Points

1. Manabendra Nath Roy (21 March 1887 – 25 January 1954), born Narendra Nath Bhattacharya, was an Indian Communist revolutionary, radical activist, and political theorist, as well as a noted philosopher in the 20th century.
2. Roy was a founder of the Mexican Communist Party and the Communist Party of India (Tashkent group).
3. He was also a delegate to congresses of the Communist International and Russia's aide to China.
4. Following the rise of Joseph Stalin, Roy left the mainline communist movement to pursue independent radical politics.
5. In 1940 Vinay Roy was instrumental in the formation of the Radical Democratic Party, an organization in which he played a leading role for much of the decade of the 1940s.
6. In the aftermath of World War II Roy moved away from orthodox Marxism to espouse the philosophy of radical humanism, attempting to chart a third course between liberalism and communism.

Additional Information

1. Narendra Nath "Naren" Bhattacharya, later known as M. N. Roy, was born on 22 March 1887 at Arbella, located in the North 24 Parganas of West Bengal, near Calcutta (Kolkata).
2. Most modern forms of communism are grounded at least nominally in Marxism, a theory and method conceived by Karl Marx during the 19th century.

The Correct Answer Article 352

Key Points

• Article 352 of the Indian Constitution allows the President to proclaim a state of emergency in the entire country or a part thereof, due to war, external aggression, or armed rebellion.
• This provision is aimed at ensuring the security of India or any part thereof.
• The terminology was amended from "internal disturbance" to "armed rebellion" to make the conditions for declaring an emergency more specific and to avoid misuse.

Additional Information

• Article 1 defines India as a Union of States.
  • It is unrelated to emergency provisions and deals with the territorial composition and the name of the country.
• Article 152
  • Article 152 excludes the state of Jammu and Kashmir from the definition of states for the purposes of the Constitution.
  • This article does not deal with emergency provisions and is specific to the administrative and geographical classification within the Indian Constitution.
• Article 286:
  • Article 286 deals with restrictions on the states' powers to levy taxes on the sale or purchase of goods and the imposition of taxes on goods imported from or exported to other countries.
  • It is related to the financial and tax-related powers of states and has no connection to the emergency provisions of the Constitution.

The Correct Answer is Laldenga

Key Points

• Laldenga was a prominent leader who played a significant role in the formation of the Mizo National Front (MNF) in 1961.
• The MNF was initially formed as a secessionist movement aiming for the independence of the Mizo territory from India.
• Laldenga led the MNF through periods of insurgency and later, political negotiations, which eventually led to the signing of the Mizo Accord in 1986, bringing peace to the region and establishing Mizoram as the 23rd state of India.

Additional Information

• Angami Zapu Fizo:
  • He was a leading figure in the Naga Nationalist movement, not related to the formation of the Mizo National Front.
  • His efforts were primarily towards the independence of the Naga people.
• Kazi Lhendup Dorji:
  • He was involved in Sikkimese politics and played a significant role in the merger of Sikkim with India in 1975.
  • His political activities were not related to the MNF or Mizoram.
• P.A. Sangma:
  • A prominent politician from Meghalaya, P.A. Sangma served in various capacities including as the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
  • His political career was mainly associated with Meghalaya and national politics, not with the formation of the Mizo National Front.

The correct answer is The shah commission was appointed in 1977

Key Points

• The Shah Commission, officially known as the Commission of Inquiry into the Excesses Committed During the Emergency, was appointed in May 1977 by the Government of India.
• It was led by Justice J.C. Shah, a former Chief Justice of India, to inquire into the excesses and misuse of power during the Emergency period (1975-1977) declared by then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.

Additional Information

• Railway strike took place in 1975:
  • This statement is incorrect. The biggest railway strike in India took place in 1974, not 1975.
  • It was led by George Fernandes and was one of the largest strikes in the world, involving around 1.7 million workers.
• General elections took place in 1976:
  • This is incorrect.
  • The General Elections did not take place in 1976. The Emergency was declared in 1975 and lasted until 1977.
  • The general elections were held in 1977 after the Emergency was lifted, leading to the defeat of Indira Gandhi's government.
• BSP formed the Govt. in 1977:
  • This statement is incorrect. The Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) was not even established in 1977; it was founded later in 1984 by Kanshi Ram.
  • In 1977, it was the Janata Party that came to power after the general elections, marking the first time that the Indian National Congress was ousted from power at the center.

The correct answer is 'E.V. Ramasami 'Periyar''

Key Points

• Periyar was a prominent social reformer and the founder of the Self-Respect Movement in Tamil Nadu.
• He advocated for the rights of the Dravidian people and was against the caste system.
• Under his leadership, the Dravidar Kazhagam (DK) was formed which aimed at achieving social equality and fought against the Brahminical dominance.
• His ideas and reforms have had a lasting impact on Tamil society and politics.

Additional Information A.K. Gopalan:

• A.K. Gopalan was a communist leader in India and not directly associated with the Dravidian movement.
• He was known for his role in the Indian independence movement and later in the communist movement in India.
• His work was more aligned with social and economic reforms from a communist perspective rather than the specific objectives of the Dravidian movement.

C. Rajagopalachari:

• C. Rajagopalachari, also known as Rajaji, was a freedom fighter, statesman, and the last Governor-General of India.
• He was a leader of the Indian National Congress and not directly involved with the Dravidian movement.
• Rajaji was known for his advocacy of a free market economy and a critic of socialist economic policies, which is quite different from the Dravidian movement's focus.

Jaya Ramdas Daulat Ram:

• There is limited public information available on Jaya Ramdas Daulat Ram in the context of the Dravidian movement or major Indian social reforms.
• He does not appear to have a direct link to the Dravidar Kazhagam or the broader Dravidian movement led by Periyar.

The Correct Answer is 'Kazi Lhendup Dorji Khangsarpa'.

Key Points

• Kazi Lhendup Dorji Khangsarpa was instrumental in founding the Sikkim Praja Mandal in 1947.
• This organization aimed at achieving democratic reforms and greater representation for the local population in Sikkim, which was then a princely state under the rule of the Chogyal (monarchs of Sikkim).
• Kazi Lhendup Dorji played a pivotal role in the political evolution of Sikkim, advocating for the merger of Sikkim with India, which eventually happened in 1975.

Additional Information Angami Zapu Phizo: He was a Naga nationalist leader who played a significant role in the Naga independence movement. He was not associated with the founding of the Sikkim Praja Mandal.
Lal Denga: He was a leader from Mizoram who led the Mizo National Front in an insurgency against the Indian government before signing a peace accord. He was not involved in Sikkim's political movements.
S.K. Barua: This option might not directly correlate with a well-known figure in the context of Sikkim's political history or the founding of the Sikkim Praja Mandal.

Salient Points of Tashkent Agreement:

• As per the UN Charter, not to have recourse to force and to settle their disputes through peaceful means. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Both sides withdraw their armies back to pre-war positions, declare a ceasefire.
• Non-interference in the internal affairs of each other.
• Repatriation of Prisoners of War (PoW). Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• Restoration of economic and trade relations, communication, diplomatic relations, and cultural exchanges.
• This agreement did bring peace but it did not last long as Pakistan went back to its ways.
• The declaration is also criticized in India for not clinching a no-war pact and letting go of Haji Pir pass which was strategically important for India. However, Pakistan also had control over Indian territory in Kashmir and vice versa hence it was a given and taken situation.
• Hence, option C is correct.

The South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) is a free trade agreement reached between the members of the South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC)- Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. It was signed in 2004 and came into effect on January 1st 2006. The agreement was signed in order to promote and sustain mutual trade and economic cooperation within the region.
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
Under the SAARC mechanism, SAFTA the developing countries in South Asia (India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) are required to bring their duties down to 20 per cent in the first phase of the two-year period ending in 2007. In contrast, the least developing countries (LDC) consisting of Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan and the Maldives had an additional three years to reduce tariffs. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

The correct answer is ​2 only.
Key Points

• Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), an international organization dedicated to representing the interests and aspirations of developing countries.
• In the early 21st century the Non-Aligned Movement counted 120 member states.
• The Non-Aligned Movement emerged in the context of the wave of decolonization that followed World War II.
• It derives its origin from the Bandung Conference held in 1955. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
  • At the 1955 Bandung Conference (the Asian-African Conference), the attendees, many of whose countries had recently gained their independence, called for “abstention from the use of arrangements of collective defence to serve the particular interests of any of the big powers.”
  • In the context of the Cold War, they argued, countries of the developing world should abstain from allying with either of the two superpowers (the United States and the U.S.S.R.) and should instead join together in support of national self-determination against all forms of colonialism and imperialism.
• The Non-Aligned Movement was founded and held its first conference (the Belgrade Conference) in 1961 under the leadership of Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia, Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, Jawaharlal Nehru of India, Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, and Sukarno of Indonesia. 
• As a condition for membership, the states of the Non-Aligned Movement cannot be part of a multilateral military alliance (such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization [NATO]) or have signed a bilateral military agreement with one of the “big powers” if it was “deliberately concluded in the context of Great Power conflicts.” Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• However, the idea of non-alignment does not signify that a state ought to remain passive or even neutral in international politics.
  • On the contrary, from the founding of the Non-Aligned Movement, its stated aim has been to give a voice to developing countries and to encourage their concerted action in world affairs.
• Unlike the United Nations (UN) or the Organization of American States, the Non-Aligned Movement has no formal constitution or permanent secretariat.
• All members of the Non-Aligned Movement have equal weight within its organization.

The correct answer is 2 and 3 only.
Key Points
World Trade Organisation (WTO):

• In 1948, to liberalise the world from high customs tariffs and various other types of restrictions, the General Agreement for Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was formed by some countries.
• In 1994, it was decided by the member countries to set up a permanent institution for looking after the promotion of free and fair trade among nations and the GATT was transformed into the World Trade Organisation on 1st January 1995.
• Although the WTO is not an UN-specialized agency, it has maintained strong relations with the UN and its agencies since its establishment. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
• WTO is the only international organisation dealing with the global rules of trade between nations. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• It sets the rules for the global trading system and resolves disputes between its member nations.
• WTO also covers trade in services, such as telecommunication and banking, and others issues such as intellectual rights.
• The topmost decision-making body of the WTO is the Ministerial Conference, which usually meets every two years. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
• It brings together all members of the WTO, all of which are countries or customs unions.
• The WTO has however been criticised and opposed by those who are worried about the effects of free trade and economic globalisation.
• It is argued that free trade does not make ordinary people’s lives more prosperous.
• It is actually widening the gulf between rich and poor by making rich countries more rich.
• This is because the influential nations in the WTO focus on their own commercial interests.
• Moreover, many developed countries have not fully opened their markets to products from developing countries.
• It is also argued that issues of health, worker’s rights, child labour and the environment are ignored.

These were the international negotiations that aimed toward disarmament during the cold war.

Thus,  A - IV, B - III, C - II, D - I is a correct matching.

The correct answer is (a)-2, (b)-1, (c)-4, (d)-3.
Key Points

• Mapping of boundaries on religious grounds - India and Pakistan, Partition was based on the Two-Nation Theory, declaring Hindus and Muslims as two distinct nationalities with separate interests. The political mood at that time reflected the need for a separate nation for Muslims. Religion was seen as the basis of a nation.
• Mapping of boundaries on grounds of different languages - Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, Punjab was bifurcated based on language when, in 1966, its Hindi-speaking regions were separated, leading to the creation of Himachal Pradesh and Haryana. The creation of Uttarakhand was not only based on language but on administrative and cultural grounds as well.
• Demarcating boundaries within a country by geographical zones - Bangladesh and Pakistan, Bangladesh, which was earlier East Pakistan, was created in 1971. It was the result of political mismanagement and cultural domination of West Pakistan on the East. The Bengali language movement in East Pakistan culminated in the demand for autonomy and later independence. The creation of Bangladesh rather represented the failure of the Two-Nation Theory that divided nations based on religion.
• Demarcating boundaries within a country on political and administrative grounds - Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh were created in 2000 based on administrative convenience, cultural ethnicity and the concept of balanced regional development of these regions. These states were created due to the failure of the country’s development policy to improve the socioeconomic conditions of the tribal and non-tribal populations in the region.

​Hence, The correct answer is (a)-2, (b)-1, (c)-4, (d)-3.

The correct answer is (a) - (iii), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (i).

• P.C. Mahalanobis:
  • He is considered the father of modern statistics in India.
  • He founded the Indian Statistical Institute.
  • Mahalanobis's model of the Second five-year plan focused on Rapid industrialization and strengthening the public sector.
• K.N. Raj:
  • He was one of the architects of the First Five Year Plan in India.
  • He also served as an economic adviser to Prime Ministers from Nehru to P.V. Narasimha Rao.
  • A committee on taxation on agricultural wealth and income was appointed by the central government under the chairmanship of Dr K.N. Raj in February 1972.
• J.C. Kumarappa:
  • He was a pioneer of rural economic development theories.
  • He proposed a blueprint that laid greater emphasis on rural industrialization.
• Verghese Kurien:
  • He was known as the Father of the White Revolution in India.
  • He was associated with the co-operative model for generating employment and elimination of poverty.

The correct match is Option 1.
Key Points

• SCO is a permanent intergovernmental international organization.
  • It’s a Eurasian political, economic and military organization aiming to maintain peace, security, and stability in the region.
  • Created in 2001.
  • The SCO Charter was signed in 2002 and entered into force in 2003.
  • The SCO's official languages are Russian and Chinese.
• Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) is the informal strategic dialogue between India, the USA, Japan, and Australia with a shared objective to ensure and support a “free, open and prosperous” Indo-Pacific region.
• The Association of Southeast Asian Nations is a regional organization that was established to promote political and social stability amid rising tensions among the Asia-Pacific’s post-colonial states. Some of its Objectives are as follows:
  • To accelerate economic growth, social progress, and cultural development for a prosperous and peaceful community of Southeast Asian Nations.
  • To promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter.
  • To promote active collaboration and mutual assistance on matters of common interest in the economic, social, cultural, technical, scientific, and administrative fields.
• MAD or Mutual Assured Destruction is a strategic military doctrine in which the use of nuclear weapons on a full scale would theoretically result in the destruction of both the attacker and the defender.
  • This strategy ultimately sends both parties into an endless loop of increased military budgets.

The correct answer is 1-D, 2-C, 3-B, 4-A.
Key Points

• Soviet System
  • The Soviet system was introduced after Russian Revolution in 1917 based on the principles of egalitarian society and a planned economy controlled by the state.
• Socialist Bloc
  • The east European countries were known as Socialist Bloc because these countries were liberated from the fascist forces and their political and economic systems were based on this bloc only.
• Egalitarian Society
  • It believes that all people are equally important and should have the same rights and opportunities in life.
  • Egalitarianism as a political ideology can be defined as the doctrine that sees each and every person as equal in their moral status, thereby granting them equal rights and opportunities. As a social doctrine, it advocates the removal of economic inequalities among people and decentralizing power.
• Shock Therapy
  • The model of transition from an authoritarian socialist system to a democratic capitalist system in Russia, Central Asia and East Europe under the influence of the World Bank and IMF.
  • It was a painful process of transition from an authoritarian socialist system to a democratic capitalist system. 
  • Though it varies in intensity and speed amongst the former second-world countries its direction and features were quite similar.
• Hence, Option 4 is correct.

Option 4 is the correct answer because the use of mass organization to strengthen democracy is not a characteristic of an authoritarian regime.

• Authoritarian regimes typically do not promote democracy or allow for the free organization of groups that could potentially challenge their power.

Additional Information

• Option 1 refers to the presence of democratic institutions, which authoritarian regimes may have in name only, but in practice, these institutions are often controlled by the ruling party or leader.
• Option 2 refers to the lack of competition in the election of leadership, which is a common feature of authoritarian regimes where the ruling party or leader has a monopoly on power.
• Option 3 refers to the mobilization of people to support the regime's goals, which is often achieved through propaganda, coercion, or manipulation of the media. This is a common tactic used by authoritarian regimes to maintain their grip on power.

The correct answer is option 1 - Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true. Statement (I) is true because authoritarianism is characterized by a concentration of power in the hands of a single leader or ruling group, who demand obedience and loyalty from their subjects.

• Dissent and opposition are often suppressed, and individual freedoms and rights are curtailed. Statement (II) is also true because authoritarian governments often lack free and competitive elections, which are a hallmark of democratic societies.
• Instead, leaders are often appointed or selected through non-democratic means, such as inheritance, military coup, or rigged elections.

Additional Information

• Option 2 - Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false - is incorrect because both statements are true.
• Option 3 - Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false - is incorrect because Statement (II) is also true.
• Option 4 - Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true - is incorrect because Statement (I) is true.

Overall, the correct answer is option 1, as both statements accurately describe the characteristics of authoritarianism and authoritarian governments.

The correct answer is option 4 - for preventing political disruption.

• Authoritarian regimes often rely on fear and intimidation to maintain their power, and unreasoned acceptance of their political authority helps to prevent any challenges or disruptions to their rule.
• By discouraging dissent and suppressing opposition, authoritarian leaders can maintain control over their population and prevent any potential threats to their regime.

Additional Information

• Option 1 - strengthening democratic ideals - is not applicable to authoritarian regimes, as they do not prioritize democratic values or principles.
• Option 2 - enhancing civil liberties - is also not applicable, as authoritarian regimes often restrict or violate civil liberties in order to maintain their power.
• Option 3 - constitutional governance - may be a stated goal of some authoritarian regimes, but in practice, they often disregard constitutional norms and principles in favor of consolidating their own power.

The correct answer is option 3, which states that authoritarian regimes legitimise their dictatorship through deceptive and indirect elections and blocking opportunities to potential challenges.

• This means that these regimes may hold elections, but they are often rigged or manipulated to ensure the ruling party or leader remains in power.
• They may also use tactics such as censorship, intimidation, and violence to prevent opposition parties or individuals from gaining power or challenging their authority.

Additional Information

• Option 1, which states that authoritarian regimes legitimise their dictatorship through periodic fair elections, is incorrect because these regimes often do not hold truly fair elections.
• Option 2, which states that they legitimise their dictatorship through competitive election of leaders, is also incorrect because these regimes often do not allow for true competition or may manipulate the election process to ensure their preferred candidate wins.
• Option 4, which states that they legitimise their dictatorship through blocking opportunities to potential challenges, is partially correct but does not include the role of deceptive and indirect elections in legitimising their rule.

The correct answer is option 4, which states that all the above options are false.

• In authoritarian regimes, civil liberties are often severely restricted or completely absent.
• The government has complete control over the media, freedom of speech, assembly, and association are limited, and political opposition is often suppressed.
• Citizens may also face arbitrary detention, torture, and other forms of human rights abuses.

Therefore, options 1, 2, and 3 are all incorrect as civil liberties are not freely available, their status is not unchanged, and they are not respected more in authoritarian regimes.

The correct answer is 4.
Key Points

• Globalization 4.0 is driven by cutting edge new technology like AI, Cloud Computing etc.
• These technologies shrink distances, open up borders and minds and bring people all across the globe closer together.
• These technologies are changing the nature of work where no physical presence of workers will be required.
• Such workers are termed as telemigrant persons who live in another developing country while working for a company located in a developed country.

Hence, the correct answer is 4.0.

The correct answer is 4.
Key Points
Statement I: Globalization 2.0 began after World War-I and ended around 1990
Explanation: Globalization 2.0 began after World War-II and ended around 1990. These two are called old globalization. Old globalization was especially beneficial to today's rich nations.
Statement II: Globalization 2.0 saw the establishment of UN-IMF and World bank
Explanations: Institutions like IMF and World Bank were established after World War II.
Hence, the correct answer is Statement I is false and Statement II is true.

The correct answer is 3.
Key Points

• The theme of the World Economic Forum's Annual Meeting 2019, held in Davos was Globalization 4.0.
• Davos is a town in Switzerland.

Hence, the correct option is Switzerland.

The correct answer is 2.
Key Points

• The Great Divergence, as mentioned by Kenneth Pomeranz in the passage, is associated with old globalization, during which today's rich nations (such as the G7) saw considerable growth of their exports, income, and industry compared to today's poor nations.
• This period includes "Globalization 1.0," which started in 1820 and ended at the start of World War-I, and "Globalization 2.0," which began post World War-II and ended around 1990.

The correct answer is 3.
Key Points

Hence, the correct option is A-III, B-IV, C-I , D-II.