Political Science: CUET Mock Test - 8 - CUET MCQ

The correct answer is Political Science.

International relations is a branch of political science that studies the interactions between various countries and entities in the international system.

Key Points

• This field encompasses a wide range of topics, including diplomacy, war, trade, and international organizations, among others. It examines how states and non-state actors cooperate and compete on the global stage, and how they are affected by international laws, norms, and agreements.
• The study of international relations involves understanding the principles of foreign policy, the roles of international institutions like the United Nations and the World Bank, and the impact of globalization on nations and their citizens.
• Scholars in this field analyze the strategies nations use to achieve their foreign policy objectives, including diplomacy, economic aid, military intervention, and soft power tactics.
• International relations theory provides various perspectives to understand the complex interactions in the global arena, including realism, liberalism, constructivism, and critical theories.
• Each of these theoretical frameworks offers different explanations for why states behave the way they do in the international system and how they achieve their goals.

Additional Information

• Overall, international relations as a discipline helps to shed light on the intricacies of global politics and provides insights into how international conflicts can be resolved, how global cooperation can be achieved, and how a more peaceful and just world order can be established.

The correct answer is By deconstructing and problematizing the idea of fixed and absolute sovereignty

Postmodernism challenges traditional views of sovereignty by highlighting its fluid and contested nature, questioning fixed and absolute claims to authority in the global arena.

Key Points

The statement refers to how postmodernism, as a philosophical and theoretical framework, challenges the traditional understanding of sovereignty, especially in the context of global affairs. Let's break down the key components of the statement:

Postmodernism:

• Postmodernism is a broad intellectual and cultural movement that emerged in the mid-20th century. It rejects the grand narratives, universal truths, and fixed categories that were often emphasized in modernist thought.
• Postmodernism emphasizes the diversity of human experiences, the relativity of truth, and the idea that reality is constructed through language and discourse.

Traditional Views of Sovereignty:

• Traditional views of sovereignty are rooted in modern political thought, where the nation-state is considered the primary actor in international relations.
• Sovereignty traditionally implies a fixed and absolute authority held by a state over its territory, government, and people.

Fluid and Contested Nature of Sovereignty:

• Postmodernism challenges the notion of a fixed and stable sovereign authority. It suggests that sovereignty is fluid, subject to change, and open to interpretation.
• The fluidity of sovereignty implies that it can be contested, renegotiated, and redefined over time and in different contexts.

Questioning Fixed and Absolute Claims to Authority:

• Postmodernism questions the idea that any single entity, such as a nation-state, possesses an absolute and unquestionable authority.
• It suggests that claims to authority are constructed through language, discourse, and power relations, and they are not universally valid.

Global Arena:

• The reference to the "global arena" indicates that postmodernism's critique of sovereignty extends beyond individual nation-states to the international stage.
• In the global context, postmodernism challenges the idea that a single, fixed understanding of sovereignty should dominate international relations.

Additional Information

• Postmodernism challenges traditional views of sovereignty by introducing the idea that sovereignty is not a fixed and absolute concept. Instead, it is fluid, contested, and subject to reinterpretation. This perspective is particularly relevant in the global arena, where multiple actors and diverse perspectives interact, leading to a more nuanced understanding of authority and power in international relations.

The correct answer is C. In Kesavananda Bharati Vs State of Kerala (1973), the Supreme Court introduced the basic structure doctrine, ruling that Parliament cannot amend the Constitution’s fundamental framework.

The correct answer is QUAD

Key Points

• QUAD, or the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue, is a strategic forum comprising four countries: the United States, India, Australia, and Japan.
• The group is focused on shared concerns about maritime security, free navigation, and the challenges posed by an increasingly assertive China in the Indo-Pacific region.
• It aims to ensure a free, open, and inclusive Indo-Pacific region through cooperation in areas such as defense, cybersecurity, technology, and infrastructure development.

Additional InformationSAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation)

• SAARC is focused on the South Asian region and includes countries like Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.
• It aims to promote economic and regional integration. The USA, Australia, and Japan are not members of SAARC.

SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organisation)

• The SCO is a Eurasian political, economic, and security alliance. Its members include China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, India, and Pakistan. incorrect option.

ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)

• ASEAN is a regional intergovernmental organization comprising ten Southeast Asian countries, aiming to promote political and economic cooperation and regional stability.
• India, the USA, and Japan are not members of ASEAN but are part of the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), which is a broader dialogue platform. Australia is a member of ARF as well.

The correct answer is A. Homogenisation describes a dominant culture merging local cultures into itself, creating uniformity, often via globalization.

The correct answer is D. Human security focuses on individuals, not states, emphasizing freedom from fear and want, unlike state-centric traditional security.

The correct answer is '10 December 1948'.
Key Points

• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1948.
• This was a pivotal moment in history, establishing a comprehensive set of universal human rights that all member countries pledged to protect.
• The declaration was adopted in the aftermath of World War II, reflecting the global consensus on the necessity of safeguarding basic human rights to prevent future atrocities.

(A) is incorrect as the UN did not approve the invasion of Iraq.
(B) is correct as over 40 countries joined the US-led coalition.
(C) is correct as the stated reason for the invasion was to prevent Iraq from developing weapons of mass destruction.
(D) is incorrect because no weapons of mass destruction were found in Iraq.

(A) is correct as the partition of India was based on religious majority.
(C) is correct as the States Reorganisation Commission recommended linguistic states.
(B) is incorrect as the integration of princely states was difficult and required diplomatic effort.
(D) is incorrect as Nehru believed in a secular India that accommodates all religions.

(A) is correct because Gandhi did not participate in Independence celebrations due to the communal violence.
(B) is correct as the Indian Government used military action to integrate Hyderabad.
(C) is incorrect because state reorganisation was based on linguistic and cultural factors, not just administrative convenience.
(D) is correct as the Indian Constitution ensures religious equality.

(A) is correct because the partition caused mass migration.
(C) is correct as Pakistan was created based on the demand for a Muslim-majority state.
(B) is incorrect as Nehru believed in a secular India.
(D) is incorrect as the States Reorganisation Act was passed in 1956, not 1960.

The correct answer is A. The passage states that rich states benefit from globalization due to control over capital, technology, and communication, primarily referring to Europe and America, which have seen economic growth, job opportunities, and technological advancements.

The correct answer is A. Globalization, as described in the passage, fosters economic activities like trade and capital movement, which historically drive urbanization by concentrating economic opportunities in cities.

The correct answer is D. The passage highlights MNCs, NGOs, and IGOs as non-state actors challenging state sovereignty, but anomic pressure groups (spontaneous, unorganized entities) are not mentioned, suggesting they do not significantly limit sovereignty.

The correct answer is A. Globalization, emphasizing free trade and capital movement as per the passage, increases demand for a laissez-faire state, which minimizes government economic interference to facilitate global markets.

The correct answer is D. The passage notes that globalization weakens state control over economic activities like capital flow, trade, and finance due to non-state actors. However, revenue collection remains a core state function less directly impacted by globalization.

Option 4 is the correct answer because the use of mass organization to strengthen democracy is not a characteristic of an authoritarian regime.

• Authoritarian regimes typically do not promote democracy or allow for the free organization of groups that could potentially challenge their power.

Additional Information

• Option 1 refers to the presence of democratic institutions, which authoritarian regimes may have in name only, but in practice, these institutions are often controlled by the ruling party or leader.
• Option 2 refers to the lack of competition in the election of leadership, which is a common feature of authoritarian regimes where the ruling party or leader has a monopoly on power.
• Option 3 refers to the mobilization of people to support the regime's goals, which is often achieved through propaganda, coercion, or manipulation of the media. This is a common tactic used by authoritarian regimes to maintain their grip on power.

The correct answer is option 1 - Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are true. Statement (I) is true because authoritarianism is characterized by a concentration of power in the hands of a single leader or ruling group, who demand obedience and loyalty from their subjects.

• Dissent and opposition are often suppressed, and individual freedoms and rights are curtailed. Statement (II) is also true because authoritarian governments often lack free and competitive elections, which are a hallmark of democratic societies.
• Instead, leaders are often appointed or selected through non-democratic means, such as inheritance, military coup, or rigged elections.

Additional Information

• Option 2 - Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are false - is incorrect because both statements are true.
• Option 3 - Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false - is incorrect because Statement (II) is also true.
• Option 4 - Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true - is incorrect because Statement (I) is true.

Overall, the correct answer is option 1, as both statements accurately describe the characteristics of authoritarianism and authoritarian governments.

The correct answer is option 4 - for preventing political disruption.

• Authoritarian regimes often rely on fear and intimidation to maintain their power, and unreasoned acceptance of their political authority helps to prevent any challenges or disruptions to their rule.
• By discouraging dissent and suppressing opposition, authoritarian leaders can maintain control over their population and prevent any potential threats to their regime.

Additional Information

• Option 1 - strengthening democratic ideals - is not applicable to authoritarian regimes, as they do not prioritize democratic values or principles.
• Option 2 - enhancing civil liberties - is also not applicable, as authoritarian regimes often restrict or violate civil liberties in order to maintain their power.
• Option 3 - constitutional governance - may be a stated goal of some authoritarian regimes, but in practice, they often disregard constitutional norms and principles in favor of consolidating their own power.

The correct answer is C. Per the passage, authoritarian regimes legitimize dictatorship through deceptive, uncompetitive elections (C) and by blocking political challenges (D), not through fair or competitive elections (A, B).

The correct answer is option 4, which states that all the above options are false.

• In authoritarian regimes, civil liberties are often severely restricted or completely absent.
• The government has complete control over the media, freedom of speech, assembly, and association are limited, and political opposition is often suppressed.
• Citizens may also face arbitrary detention, torture, and other forms of human rights abuses.

Therefore, options 1, 2, and 3 are all incorrect as civil liberties are not freely available, their status is not unchanged, and they are not respected more in authoritarian regimes.

The correct answer is B. The struggle against West Pakistan’s domination in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) was led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, culminating in independence in 1971.

The main objectives of IAEA are to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to prevent its use for military purposes. This agency regularly inspects nuclear facilities all over the world to ensure that civilian reactors are not used for military purposes.

The International Court of Justice is the primary judicial organ of the  United Nations. It is based in the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands. Its main functions are to settle legal disputes submitted to it by states and to give advisory opinions on legal questions submitted to it by duly authorized international organs, agencies, and the UN General Assembly.

The correct answer is A. Kofi Annan, as UN Secretary-General, spearheaded the creation of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria in 2002, focusing on these major diseases.

The United Nations officially came into existence on 24th October, 1945 when the Charter had been ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and by a majority of other signatories.

The UN was founded in 1945, with 51 original members which joined that year. Of those, 49 are either still UN members or had their memberships in the UN, continued by a successor state.

Natural aspects signifies that 'Human Rights' are universal and inalienable. Legal aspects implies that 'Human Rights' are legal and constitutional rights that are enforced by the state.