History: CUET Mock Test - 10 - CUET MCQ

Colonel Colin Mackenzie brought the ruins of Hampi to light starting around 1800 during his surveys in South India. He later prepared the first detailed survey map of the site and was appointed the first Surveyor General of India in 1815

The correct answer is Shortughai.

Key Points

• Shortughai, located in Takhar Province, Afghanistan, is a significant Indus Valley Civilization site. It was a trading outpost of the IVC. Mundigak, another Bronze Age site in Afghanistan, is not considered part of the IVC.
• The Indus Valley Civilization extended from present-day Northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and Northwest India.
• It was discovered by Daya ram Sahni in 1921 with the discovery of Harappa.
• The civilization flourished in the river basins of the Ghaggar-Hakra river and the Indus.

Additional Information

• Indus valley civilization is one of the four oldest civilizations in the world. It is also known as Harappan Civilization and is well-known for its organized planning based on the grid system.
• John Marshall was the first researcher to use the term, 'Indus Valley Civilization'.
• Indus Valley Civilization spread from the year 2500 – to 1750 BC according to radio-carbon dating.
• The most distinctive feature of the Harappan Civilization was its urbanization.
• Moreover, sheep and goats, dogs, humped cattle buffalo, and elephants were domesticated in the Indus Valley Civilization.
• The capital cities are Mohenjodaro and Harappa.
• The port cities are Sutkagendor, Balakot, Lothal, Allahdino, and Kuntasi.
• The Indus valley people were well-acquainted with the use of both cotton and wool.

The Harappan civilization was the first urban civilization in South Asia. The Harappan civilization flourished during 2600 – 1900 BCE. It forms a part of proto-history belonging to the bronze age.

It is classified into three phases

1. The early pre-Harappan in phase (3200 2600 BC)
2. The mature Harappan phase (2600-1900 BC)
3. The late Harappan phase (1900-1300 BC)

Kalibangan:

• Kalibangan is an archaeological site at Ganganagar in Rajasthan near the Ghaggar river, yielded evidence of plough fields, fire altars, and camel bones from the Mature Harappan phase (approximately 2500–2000 BC). Horse bones and a graveyard were found at Surkotada in Gujarat, excavated by Shri Jagat Pati Joshi between 1964 and 1968.
• Plough field, fire altars, bones of camel, burial in the circular and rectangular grave is found here.
• Remains of Camel were discovered in Kalibangan archaeological site.

Additional Information

• Bones of horse and graveyard is found at Surkotda in Gujarat.
• Surkotada was excavated by Shri Jagat Pati Joshi in 1964 - 1968.
• The presence of Horse Bone was found in Surkotada.

​

Harappan Civilization map

The British captured Bahadur Shah Zafar and sent him to Rangoon (Burma), ending the Mughal dynasty.

The British ended the Mughal Empire and took direct control over India, marking a major shift in governance.

The Government of India Act 1858 transferred power from the East India Company to the British Crown, leading to direct rule.

The British reduced the number of Indian soldiers and increased British troops in the army to prevent future uprisings.

After the revolt, India came under direct control of the British Crown, changing the nature of colonial governance.

The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched to oppose British rule through the boycott of foreign goods, schools, and services, demonstrating India's resolve for self-rule.

Gandhi’s principles of Ahimsa (non-violence) and Satyagraha (truthful resistance) guided the movement, encouraging peaceful protests.

 In 1922, the Chauri Chaura incident turned violent when a police station was burned down, leading Gandhi to suspend the movement to prevent further bloodshed.

The movement mobilized millions of Indians, including peasants, workers, and students, in a non-violent struggle against British rule.

Gandhi believed that non-violence was the key to maintaining unity and moral strength in the independence movement, preventing divisions and unnecessary suffering.

• Indigo Rebellion: This uprising occurred in Bengal (specifically in the Bengal Presidency, which included parts of modern-day West Bengal and Bangladesh) during 1859–1860. It was a revolt by indigo farmers against exploitative British planters.
• Deccan Riots: These took place in Maharashtra (in the Deccan region, particularly in districts like Pune and Ahmednagar) in 1875, driven by peasant indebtedness to moneylenders.
• Santhal Rebellion: This occurred in Bihar (specifically in the Santhal Parganas, now part of Jharkhand, but historically under Bihar during British rule) in 1855–1856, led by the Santhal tribal community against British oppression and zamindars.
• Pabna Revolt: This uprising happened in Eastern Bengal (now part of Bangladesh, specifically in the Pabna district) in 1873–1876, led by peasants against oppressive landlords.

Bengal Tenancy Act (1885) - Protected tenant rights (B): Aimed to safeguard tenants in Bengal.
Permanent Settlement Act - Restricted land ownership (A): Fixed revenue with zamindars, limiting peasant rights.
Ryotwari Act - Direct taxation (C): Peasants paid taxes directly to the British.
Land Acquisition Act - Land seizure (D): Enabled British to take land for infrastructure.

correct answer is option B 1-C, 2-B, 3-A, 4-D

• Rani Lakshmibai led the revolt in Jhansi (C). After the British annexed Jhansi in 1854 under the Doctrine of Lapse (her adopted son was not recognized as the heir), she joined the Revolt of 1857. She led the defense of Jhansi against British forces in March–April 1858, escaped after the city’s fall, and died fighting in June 1858 near Gwalior, becoming a symbol of resistance to colonial rule.
• Nana Saheb led the revolt in Kanpur (B). The adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao II, he was denied his pension by the British, prompting him to join the Revolt of 1857. He declared himself Peshwa and led the siege of Kanpur in June–July 1857. The infamous Bibighar massacre of British women and children occurred in July 1857 under his watch, though his direct involvement remains debated among historians.
• Khan Bahadur Khan led the revolt in Bareilly (A). A Rohilla leader, he proclaimed himself the ruler of Bareilly in 1857 during the Revolt of 1857. He organized rebels in the Rohilkhand region, resisted British forces, and briefly established an independent administration until the British recaptured Bareilly in 1858.
• Kunwar Singh led the revolt in Bihar (D). A Rajput zamindar from Jagdishpur in Bihar, Kunwar Singh, despite his old age (around 80), led the revolt in the region. He successfully fought British forces during the Siege of Arrah in July 1857 and continued guerrilla warfare until his death in April 1858 after being wounded, inspiring resistance in Bihar and nearby areas.

• Doctrine of Lapse - Annexation of states without heirs (B): Introduced by Lord Dalhousie, this policy allowed the British to annex princely states (e.g., Jhansi, Satara) if the ruler died without a natural heir, angering Indian royalty and contributing to the revolt.
• Enfield Rifle - Greased cartridges offended religious beliefs (C): The new Enfield rifle required soldiers to bite cartridges rumored to be greased with cow and pig fat, offending Hindu and Muslim sepoys respectively, sparking the initial mutiny.
• Economic Hardship - Discontent due to economic exploitation (A): British policies like high taxation and export-focused agriculture impoverished peasants and artisans, fueling widespread discontent against colonial rule.
• Land Revenue Policies - High taxes led to peasant distress (D): Systems like the Permanent Settlement imposed heavy taxes, often collected ruthlessly by zamindars, driving peasants into debt and rebellion.

(A) Correct: The Bhakti movement emphasized devotion and a personal relationship with the divine, moving away from ritualistic worship.
(B) Incorrect: Bhakti saints composed their works in regional languages, not Sanskrit, to reach common people.
(C) Correct: Mirabai was a devotee of Lord Krishna and expressed her devotion through poetry and songs.
(D) Correct: Bhakti saints rejected caste hierarchies and questioned ritualistic religious practices.
(E) Incorrect: The Bhakti movement spread across both North and South India, with saints like Kabir, Tulsidas, and Mirabai in the North and Alvars and Nayanars in the South.

(A) Correct: Sufism focused on love, inner spirituality, and a direct connection with God, rather than strict religious rules.
(B) Incorrect: Sufi saints often rejected orthodox Islamic laws and rituals, emphasizing personal devotion instead.
(C) Correct: The Chishti order was known for its openness, charity, and service to humanity, welcoming people of all backgrounds.
(D) Correct: Khanqahs were places where Sufi saints gathered followers, engaged in meditation, and helped the poor.
(E) Incorrect: Sufi poets composed in Persian, Arabic, and regional Indian languages, making their teachings accessible to different communities.

(A) Correct: Kabir criticized both Hindu and Muslim religious orthodoxy, rejecting rituals and sectarian divisions.
(B) Correct: He emphasized love, devotion, and personal experience of God, rather than temple worship or religious dogma.
(C) Incorrect: Kabir opposed idol worship, advocating a formless God instead.
(D) Incorrect: He composed his verses in local languages like Hindi, making his teachings accessible to the masses.
(E) Correct: His teachings were compiled in the Bijak and included in the Guru Granth Sahib, showing his influence on both Hindu and Sikh traditions.

(A) Correct: Both the Bhakti and Sufi movements focused on personal devotion, rejecting ritualistic religious practices.
(B) Correct: Saints from both traditions composed poetry and devotional songs in regional languages, making their messages accessible.
(C) Incorrect: Sufi saints did not oppose the Bhakti movement; in fact, many of their teachings were similar.
(D) Correct: Bhakti and Sufi movements attracted followers from different castes and communities, promoting inclusivity.
(E) Incorrect: The Bhakti movement was influenced by interactions with Sufism, particularly in devotional practices and poetry.

The surviving ruins of Vijayanagara are mainly stone structures, as buildings made of brick or wood have not withstood the test of time.

Nagaraja Rao was an archaeologist who worked extensively at Vijayanagara, conducting excavations and research on its ruins.

The ruins of Hampi, the capital of Vijayanagara, were rediscovered in 1800 by British officer Colin Mackenzie, who conducted surveys and documented the site.

The Vijayanagara rulers referred to themselves as "Rayas", meaning kings. The most famous rulers include Harihara Raya, Bukka Raya, and Krishnadevaraya.

The Vijayanagara Empire acquired the land between the Tungabhadra and Krishna rivers in 1512 under the reign of Krishnadevaraya after his conquest of the Deccan Sultanates.

• Assertion: The assertion is true; Ibn Battuta's travels did indeed broaden European perspectives on various cultures, particularly in Africa, Asia, and beyond.
• Reason: The reason is also true; the local ruler did instruct the recording of Battuta’s stories, which indicates their significance.
• Explanation: The reason correctly explains the assertion as it highlights the impact of his recorded accounts in enhancing European knowledge of different cultures.

Within the villages of Bengal, jotedars were more powerful than the zamindars. They were most powerful in North Bengal.

On 24 January 1950, 284 members of the Constituent Assembly signed the Indian Constitution at the Constitution Hall, now known as the Central Hall of Parliament, in New Delhi.