Test: Manufacturing Industries - 1 - Class 10 MCQ

• Agriculture and industry can coexist and support each other.
• Many industries rely on agricultural products as raw materials, such as food processing.
• Industries create jobs and boost the economy in agricultural areas.

Factory location decisions are influenced by cost factors:

• Key considerations include transportation, labour, raw materials, and infrastructure.
• Choosing a low-cost location helps maximise profitability.

Conclusion:

• Both the assertion and reason are true.
• However, the reason does not explain why agriculture and industry are interconnected.
• The reason focuses on factory location rather than their relationship.
• Thus, option B is correct: Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason does not explain the assertion.

Answer:
Introduction:
The "electronic capital" refers to a city that is known for its significant contributions to the electronics industry. In India, one city has emerged as the prominent electronic capital due to its thriving tech industry.
City:
The city that has emerged as the "electronic capital" of India is Bengaluru.
Reasons:
Several factors contribute to Bengaluru's status as the electronic capital:
1. IT Hub: Bengaluru is the leading IT hub of India, hosting numerous multinational IT companies and startups. It is home to a large number of electronic companies, including major players like Infosys, Wipro, and Tata Consultancy Services.
2. Research and Development: The city has several research and development centers that focus on cutting-edge technologies in the electronics field. These centers drive innovation and contribute significantly to the growth of the industry.
3. Start-up Ecosystem: Bengaluru has a thriving start-up ecosystem, with a particular focus on technology and electronics. Many start-ups in the city are working on innovative electronic products and solutions.
4. Education: Bengaluru boasts renowned educational institutions, including Indian Institute of Science (IISc) and Indian Institute of Technology (IIT). These institutions produce skilled professionals who contribute to the electronics industry.
5. Infrastructure: The city has well-developed infrastructure, including industrial parks, special economic zones, and technology parks. These facilities attract electronic companies to set up their operations in Bengaluru.
6. Job Opportunities: Bengaluru offers abundant job opportunities in the electronics sector. The presence of numerous electronic companies and start-ups creates a favorable environment for professionals seeking employment in the industry.
Overall, Bengaluru's strong presence in the electronics industry, combined with its favorable ecosystem and infrastructure, has led to its emergence as the "electronic capital" of India.

Tools, implements, fertilisers, tractors, etc. are supplied by

The supply of agricultural tools and machinery is primarily the responsibility of the industry. This includes:

• Manufacturers who produce various agricultural implements.
• Fertiliser companies that provide essential nutrients for crops.
• Machinery suppliers offering tractors and other equipment.

These industries play a crucial role in enhancing agricultural productivity and efficiency.

Textile industry occupies a unique position in the Indian economy.

The textile industry plays a vital role in India's economy due to its significant contributions:

• Industrial Production: It is a major sector in manufacturing.
• Employment Generation: The industry provides numerous jobs, supporting many families.
• Foreign Exchange Earnings: It contributes to the country's revenue through exports.

This industry is unique because it is self-reliant and encompasses the entire value chain, from raw materials to finished products. Key factors contributing to its localisation include:

• Availability of raw cotton
• Access to markets and transport
• Supportive labour force and climate

Overall, the textile industry not only enhances economic growth but also strengthens ties with agriculture, creating a comprehensive ecosystem.

All the other factors only contribute to lowering the production costs. Raw material, if readily available, doesn't need to be transported and hence can lower the cost, and transport can either be inexpensive or expensive, and the presence of market also results in absence or presence of the need for transport.

Reasons behind the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries in the Chhota Nagpur plateau:
- Availability of raw materials: The Chhota Nagpur plateau is rich in mineral resources, especially iron ore and coal, which are essential raw materials for the production of iron and steel. The region has abundant reserves of high-quality iron ore and coal, making it an ideal location for the establishment of iron and steel industries.
- Proximity to markets: The Chhota Nagpur plateau is strategically located near major industrial centers, such as Kolkata and Jamshedpur, which provides easy access to markets for the iron and steel products. This proximity reduces transportation costs and ensures a steady demand for the products.
- Skilled workforce: The region has a skilled and experienced workforce due to the long history of iron and steel production in the area. The presence of technical institutes and training centers also contributes to the availability of a skilled labor force.
- Infrastructure and support: The Chhota Nagpur plateau has well-developed infrastructure, including transportation networks, power supply, and other necessary facilities. The state governments and the central government provide support and incentives to promote the growth of the iron and steel industries in the region.
- Historical significance: The Chhota Nagpur plateau has a long history of iron and steel production, with the establishment of the Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) in Jamshedpur in 1907. This has created a favorable environment for the growth of the industry and attracted further investments.
Overall, the Chhota Nagpur plateau has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries in India due to the availability of raw materials, proximity to markets, skilled workforce, infrastructure, and historical significance.

The industries which have heavy types of raw material are called:
1. Heavy Industries:
- Heavy industries are those industries that require large quantities of raw materials for their production processes.
- They typically involve the processing or manufacturing of bulky or heavy items such as machinery, equipment, vehicles, steel, chemicals, and construction materials.
- These industries often require substantial infrastructure, capital investment, and specialized machinery to handle the heavy raw materials involved in their production.
2. Characteristics of Heavy Industries:
- Heavy industries tend to have a higher level of capital investment compared to light industries.
- They require a large workforce and specialized technical skills for operating heavy machinery and equipment.
- Heavy industries often have a longer production cycle and a slower rate of turnover compared to light industries.
- They have a significant impact on the economy, contributing to employment, growth, and development.
Examples of Heavy Industries:
- Steel industry: Involves the processing of iron ore into steel, which requires a significant amount of raw materials and energy.
- Petrochemical industry: Involves the production of chemicals and products derived from petroleum and natural gas, such as plastics, fertilizers, and pharmaceuticals.
- Automotive industry: Involves the manufacturing of vehicles and their components, which requires large amounts of raw materials like steel, aluminum, and rubber.
- Mining industry: Involves the extraction of minerals and ores from the earth, which are used as raw materials in various other industries.
- Construction industry: Involves the production of buildings, infrastructure, and other large-scale structures, requiring heavy materials like concrete, steel, and wood.
Conclusion:
Industries that have heavy types of raw material are known as heavy industries. They require large quantities of raw materials, specialized machinery, and infrastructure for their production processes. Examples of heavy industries include steel, petrochemical, automotive, mining, and construction industries.

The sugar industry is particularly suited to the co-operative sector due to its seasonal nature.

Here are some reasons why:

• The sugar industry relies on seasonal crops, making it ideal for co-operatives that can pool resources during harvest times.
• Co-operatives help farmers by providing financial support and shared facilities, reducing individual risk.
• They ensure fair prices for farmers, enhancing their profitability during the harvest season.
• Co-operative structures can improve efficiency in production and distribution, benefiting all members.

Overall, the co-operative model supports the sugar industry by promoting collaboration among farmers and ensuring sustainability.

- The Chhotanagpur plateau is rich in minerals, particularly iron ore, which is a primary raw material for the iron and steel industry.
- The proximity to coal mines in regions like Jharia and Raniganj provides essential fuel for smelting processes.
- The availability of cheap labor in the region helps reduce production costs.
- Nearby limestone deposits are crucial for steel production.
- The developed transportation network facilitates easy movement of raw materials and finished products.

- Industries are responsible for multiple types of pollution:
- Air Pollution: Emissions from factories release pollutants like carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide.
- Water Pollution: Industrial waste can contaminate water bodies with chemicals and heavy metals.
- Noise Pollution: Machinery and industrial activity contribute to high noise levels.
- Thus, industries contribute to air, water, and noise pollution, making option D, "all of the above," the correct choice.