Satish Chandra Test: The Delhi Sultanate- 2 - UPSC MCQ

The Umayyads were the first Muslim dynasty, established in 661 in Damascus. Their dynasty succeeded the leadership of the first four caliphs Abū BakrʿUmar I, ʿUthmān, and ʿAlī. It was established by Muʿāwiyah ibn Abī Sufyān, a native of Mecca and a contemporary of the Prophet Muḥammad.

The third ruler of Slave dynasty, Shams-ud-din Iltutmish formed Turkan-i-Chahalgani or Chalisa (a group of 40 powerful Turkish nobles). These were Turkish amirs (nobles) who advised and helped the Sultan in administering the Sultanate.

The system of tax extraction from peasants and sharing among Muslim nobility led to rampant corruption, arrests, execution and rebellion. For example, in the reign of Firoz Shah Tughlaq, a Muslim noble named Shamsaldin Damghani entered into a contract over the iqta' of Gujarat, promising an enormous sums of annual tribute while entering the contract in 1377 AD. He then attempted to force collect the amount deploying his cotorie of Muslim amirs, but failed. Even the amount he did manage to collect, he paid nothing to Delhi. Shamsaldin Damghani and Muslim nobility of Gujarat then declared rebellion and separation from Delhi Sultanate. However, the soldiers and peasants of Gujarat refused to fight the war for the Muslim nobility. Shamsaldin Damghani was killed.

Balban was the Muslim ruler of the Slave dynasty, who did not bother for launching any fresh conquest in India. He was worried about the Mongol invasion in this country, for which he preferred the consolidation of the preoccupied territories by the earlier Muslim rulers.

The founder of the city, Sultan Firoz Tughlaq, was born in 1309. His mother, Bibi Naila, was the daughter of a Hindu chief, Ram Mal Bhatti, of Abohar. His father, Nasiruddin Rajab, was the younger brother of Giyasuddin, the first ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty.

B is the correct option.

• Vakil-i-dar was incharge of the royal household.
• Amir-i-barbak was the superintendent of the royal court.
• Amir-i-hajib kept an eye on all visitors to the court and presented them before the sovereign according to court etiquette.
• sar-i-jandar was the officer of personal body-gaurds (jandars) to the Sultan. 
• Amir-i-majlis organised the meetings of royal assembly and special celebrations.

The question is about kings and their kingdoms. Warangal was the ancient capital of Kakatiya dynasty. It was ruled by many kings such as Beta Raja I, Prola Raja I, Beta Raja II, Prola Raja II, Rudradeva, Mahadeva, Ganapathideva, Prataparudra Deva. So, only option which contains Warangal's king as Prataparudra is option B. Hence, Option B is correct.