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Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - UPSC MCQ


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20 Questions MCQ Test Indian Polity for UPSC CSE - Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2

Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 for UPSC 2024 is part of Indian Polity for UPSC CSE preparation. The Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 questions and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus.The Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 MCQs are made for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 below.
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Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 1
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How many countries are in South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) ?

Detailed Solution for Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 1

Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Maldives. Correct option is A.

Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 2
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Sri Lanka and India have successfully operated a democratic system since their independence from what country?

Detailed Solution for Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 2

Background:



  • Sri Lanka and India gained independence from British colonial rule in 1948 and 1947, respectively.


Democratic System:



  • Both countries adopted democratic systems of government after gaining independence.

  • India established a parliamentary system based on the British model.

  • Sri Lanka also adopted a parliamentary system with a President as the head of state.

  • Both countries have held regular elections, allowing citizens to choose their representatives.


Success of Democracy:



  • Despite challenges, both Sri Lanka and India have maintained stable democratic governments.

  • They have experienced peaceful transfers of power through elections.

  • Both countries have a vibrant civil society, active media, and independent judiciary.

  • Democratic values such as freedom of speech, rule of law, and respect for human rights are upheld.


Impact of British Rule:



  • The British colonial rule left a legacy of democratic institutions and practices in both countries.

  • Elements of the British legal system, bureaucracy, and parliamentary democracy influenced the post-independence governance.

  • The experience of being part of the British Empire helped shape the democratic traditions in Sri Lanka and India.


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Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 3
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Who won the 2018 elections in Bhutan?

Detailed Solution for Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 3

2018 Elections in Bhutan

  • Winner: The winner of the 2018 elections in Bhutan was the MDP (Druk Nyamrup Tshogpa) party.

  • Background: The elections in Bhutan are held every five years, and in 2018, the country saw a shift in power with the MDP party winning a majority.

  • Campaign: The MDP party campaigned on promises of economic development, social welfare, and good governance, resonating with the voters.

  • Voter Turnout: The voter turnout was high, reflecting the engagement of the Bhutanese population in the democratic process.

  • Outcome: The MDP party's victory marked a significant moment in Bhutan's political landscape, showcasing the country's commitment to democracy and peaceful transitions of power.


Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 4
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Which of the following country is not a South Asian country?
Detailed Solution for Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 4

Correct option is D. Russia

Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 5
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Who took over the administration of Pakistan after Pakistan framed its first constitution?
Detailed Solution for Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 5

After Pakistan framed its first constitution, General Ayub Khan took over the administration of Pakistan.




Reasons for General Ayub Khan taking over:



  • Political instability: The political situation in Pakistan was unstable after the framing of the constitution, and General Ayub Khan stepped in to restore order and stability.

  • Military background: General Ayub Khan had a strong military background and was seen as a capable leader to take charge of the administration.




Actions taken by General Ayub Khan:



  • Implemented martial law: General Ayub Khan imposed martial law in the country to maintain control and stability.

  • Introduced economic reforms: He implemented various economic reforms to improve the country's economic situation.

  • Initiated development projects: General Ayub Khan started several development projects to modernize and improve infrastructure in Pakistan.




Legacy of General Ayub Khan:



  • Authoritarian rule: General Ayub Khan's rule was criticized for being authoritarian and suppressing political dissent.

  • Economic progress: Despite criticisms, his tenure saw some economic progress and development in Pakistan.

  • Impact on Pakistan's political landscape: His rule had a lasting impact on Pakistan's political landscape, shaping future political developments in the country.


Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 6
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Who took over the military in Pakistan after Ayub Khan was elected?
Detailed Solution for Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 6

Who took over the military in Pakistan after Ayub Khan was elected?





  • A: Imran Khan

  • B: Benazir Bhutto

  • C: General Yahya Khan

  • D: None


Answer: C - General Yahya Khan


Explanation:

  • Ayub Khan was elected as the President of Pakistan in 1958.

  • After Ayub Khan's resignation in 1969, General Yahya Khan took over as the President and Chief Martial Law Administrator in Pakistan.

  • General Yahya Khan ruled during a turbulent period in Pakistan's history, overseeing the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and the eventual secession of East Pakistan to form Bangladesh.

  • His regime came to an end in 1971, and he handed over power to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto after the General Elections of 1970.

Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 7
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Who was the elected government leader in Pakistan from 1971 to 1977?
Detailed Solution for Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 7

Leader of Pakistan from 1971 to 1977:



  • Zulfikar Ali Bhutto: He was the elected government leader in Pakistan from 1971 to 1977. Bhutto served as the President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973 and then as the Prime Minister from 1973 to 1977.

  • Yahya Khan: Yahya Khan was the President of Pakistan during the period of 1969 to 1971, preceding Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.

  • Ayub Khan: Ayub Khan served as the President of Pakistan from 1958 to 1969, before the tenure of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.

  • None: This option is incorrect as Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was the elected leader of Pakistan during the specified years.

Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 8
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Who led the Awami league?
Detailed Solution for Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 8
Leaders of Awami League

  • Sheikh Mujib: Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, also known as Sheikh Mujib, was the founding leader of the Awami League and played a crucial role in the independence movement of Bangladesh.

Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 9
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When did a war between India and Pakistan take place?
Detailed Solution for Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 9

Background:

  • India-Pakistan Relations: India and Pakistan have a long history of conflicts and wars since their independence in 1947.

  • 1971 War: The war between India and Pakistan in 1971 was a significant event in the history of the two countries.


Causes of the War:

  • Bangladesh Liberation War: The main cause of the war was the Bangladesh Liberation War, where East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) sought independence from West Pakistan (now Pakistan).

  • Human Rights Violations: The Pakistani military crackdown on the Bengali population led to widespread human rights violations.


Timeline of the War:

  • Start of the War: The war officially began on December 3, 1971, when Pakistan launched air strikes on Indian airbases.

  • Indian Response: India responded by entering the war on the side of the Bengali nationalists in East Pakistan.

  • End of the War: The war ended on December 16, 1971, with the unconditional surrender of Pakistani forces to the joint Indian-Bangladeshi forces.


Aftermath:

  • Formation of Bangladesh: The war resulted in the creation of the independent state of Bangladesh.

  • Impact on Relations: The war further strained the already tense relations between India and Pakistan.


Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 10
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What religion was Nepal a kingdom in the past?
Detailed Solution for Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 10

Religion of Nepal in the past:




  • Hinduism: Nepal was a Hindu kingdom in the past.



Reasons why Nepal was a Hindu kingdom:




  • Hinduism has been the major religion of Nepal for centuries.

  • The monarchy in Nepal had strong ties to Hinduism, with the king being seen as an incarnation of the Hindu god Vishnu.

  • The majority of the population in Nepal practiced Hinduism, leading to the country being known as a Hindu kingdom.

  • Hindu traditions and customs were deeply ingrained in the culture and society of Nepal.


Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 11
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When did the king accept the demand for a new democratic constitution in Nepal?
Detailed Solution for Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 11



  • Acceptance of Demand: The king of Nepal accepted the demand for a new democratic constitution in 1990.


Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 12
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In East Pakistan the popular struggle against West Pakistan domination was led by
Detailed Solution for Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 12

Bangladesh was a part of Pakistan from 1947 to 1971. But it started protesting against the domination of Western Pakistan and the imposition of Urdu Language. A popular struggle against West Pakistani dominance was led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.

Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 13
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When did Nepal become a democratic state?
Detailed Solution for Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 13

When did Nepal become a democratic state?


  • A: 2005

  • B: 2004

  • C: 2008

  • D: 2011



Answer: C. 2008


Detailed


  • Background: Nepal was a monarchy for many years until the Nepalese Civil War in the early 2000s.

  • Peace Agreement: In 2006, a Comprehensive Peace Accord was signed between the government and the Maoist rebels, ending the civil war.

  • Constitutional Changes: As a result of the peace agreement, significant constitutional changes were made to transition Nepal into a democratic state.

  • Election: In 2008, Nepal held its first Constituent Assembly election, which marked the formal establishment of Nepal as a democratic state.

  • Democratic Transition: The election of the Constituent Assembly paved the way for the drafting of a new constitution and the transformation of Nepal into a federal democratic republic.

Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 14
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When did India’s government get involved in the Sri Lankan Tamil question?
Detailed Solution for Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 14

India's involvement in the Sri Lankan Tamil question:

  • Background: The Sri Lankan Tamil question refers to the conflict between the majority Sinhalese community and the Tamil minority in Sri Lanka. The Tamil minority, primarily concentrated in the northern and eastern regions of the country, has long-standing grievances related to discrimination and lack of political representation.

  • 1983: The conflict escalated in 1983 when anti-Tamil riots broke out in Sri Lanka, resulting in significant loss of life and property among the Tamil community.

  • 1987: In response to the escalating conflict, India under the leadership of Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi intervened in the Sri Lankan Tamil question. The Indian government facilitated negotiations between the Sri Lankan government and the Tamil militants.

  • Indo-Sri Lanka Accord: In July 1987, the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord was signed between India and Sri Lanka, aimed at addressing the root causes of the conflict and ensuring the rights of the Tamil minority in Sri Lanka.

  • Indian Peacekeeping Force (IPKF): As part of the accord, India deployed the Indian Peacekeeping Force (IPKF) to Sri Lanka to oversee the implementation of the agreement and maintain peace in the conflict-affected areas.

  • End of involvement: India's involvement in the Sri Lankan Tamil question ended in 1990 with the withdrawal of the IPKF from Sri Lanka following a breakdown in the peace process and escalating hostilities.


Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 15
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When did the Indian peacekeeping force pull out of Sri Lanka?
Detailed Solution for Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 15

When did the Indian peacekeeping force pull out of Sri Lanka?



  • A: 1985

  • B: 1989

  • C: 1986

  • D: 1992


Answer: B. 1989




Detailed



  • Background: The Indian peacekeeping force was sent to Sri Lanka in 1987 as part of the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord to help maintain peace in the region.

  • Reason for Deployment: The deployment was primarily aimed at resolving the ethnic conflict between the Sri Lankan government and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE).

  • Timeline: The Indian peacekeeping force remained in Sri Lanka for about 2 years before eventually pulling out in 1989.

  • Withdrawal: The decision to withdraw the Indian peacekeeping force was made due to escalating violence and mounting casualties, leading to the conclusion that their presence was exacerbating the situation rather than helping to resolve it.

  • Legacy: The withdrawal of the Indian peacekeeping force marked a significant moment in the history of Sri Lanka and its conflict resolution efforts.


Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 16
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When was the LTTE vanquished?
Detailed Solution for Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 16

When was the LTTE vanquished?





  • A: 2006

  • B: 2005

  • C: 2009

  • D: 2012


Answer: C. 2009




Explanation:



  • LTTE: LTTE stands for Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, a militant organization that fought for an independent Tamil state in Sri Lanka.

  • Vanquished: The LTTE was defeated in 2009 by the Sri Lankan military, marking the end of the decades-long civil war in Sri Lanka.

  • 2009: This was the year when the Sri Lankan military launched a final offensive against the LTTE, resulting in the death of the organization's leader Velupillai Prabhakaran and the eventual defeat of the LTTE.

  • Aftermath: The end of the LTTE paved the way for the Sri Lankan government to declare victory in the civil war and begin the process of rebuilding and reconciliation in the country.


Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 17
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In what year did India conduct a nuclear explosion in Pokhran?
Detailed Solution for Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 17

Year of India's Nuclear Explosion in Pokhran:




  • A: 1995

  • B: 2001

  • C: 1994

  • D: 1998 (Correct Answer)



Detailed Explanation:




  • 1998: India conducted a series of nuclear tests in Pokhran, Rajasthan in May 1998.

  • Background: The tests were codenamed Operation Shakti and they marked India's second series of nuclear tests, the first being conducted in 1974.

  • Response: The tests were in response to global concerns about India's nuclear capabilities and were met with international condemnation.

  • Impact: The tests led to economic sanctions being imposed on India, but they also solidified India's status as a nuclear power.


By breaking down the information into bullet points, it becomes easier to understand the key details about India's nuclear tests in Pokhran in 1998. This format helps in presenting the information in a clear and organized manner.

Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 18
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In what year did India and Bangladesh exchange enclaves?
Detailed Solution for Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 18
Background

  • India and Bangladesh had 162 enclaves inside each other's territories as a result of a complex history of land disputes.

  • These enclaves were pockets of land surrounded by the territory of the other country, leading to various issues for the residents living in these areas.


Exchange of Enclaves

  • In 2015, India and Bangladesh signed a historic agreement to exchange enclaves and simplify their border.

  • The Land Boundary Agreement (LBA) was ratified by both countries' parliaments, leading to the transfer of enclaves to their respective countries.

  • As a result of this agreement, India transferred 51 enclaves to Bangladesh, while Bangladesh transferred 111 enclaves to India.


Impact

  • The exchange of enclaves improved the lives of residents living in these areas, as they were now part of a contiguous territory.

  • It also helped in strengthening the bilateral relations between India and Bangladesh, resolving a longstanding issue.

  • The exchange of enclaves was a significant step towards establishing peaceful and friendly relations between the two countries.

Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 19
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What is the name of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation?
Detailed Solution for Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 19

Name of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation:




  • SAARC: The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation is a regional intergovernmental organization and geopolitical union in South Asia. It promotes regional cooperation and integration among member states.



Detailed Explanation:




  • Establishment: SAARC was established on December 8, 1985, with the signing of the SAARC Charter in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

  • Member States: SAARC currently has eight member states: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.

  • Objectives: SAARC aims to promote economic and regional integration, peace, stability, and progress in the region through cooperation in various areas such as agriculture, health, education, and culture.

  • Summits: SAARC holds regular summits where leaders of member states meet to discuss regional issues and cooperation. The last summit was held in 2014 in Nepal.

  • Challenges: SAARC has faced challenges in achieving its objectives due to political tensions between member states, especially between India and Pakistan.

  • Future: Despite challenges, SAARC continues to work towards regional cooperation and integration in South Asia.


Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 20
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When was the SAFTA agreement signed?
Detailed Solution for Test: Contemporary South Asia- 2 - Question 20
SAFTA Agreement Signing Date

  • SAFTA Agreement: The South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) agreement is a trade agreement among the SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) member countries.

  • Signing Date: The SAFTA agreement was signed on January 6, 2004.

  • Objective: The main objective of the SAFTA agreement is to promote and enhance economic cooperation and trade relations among the SAARC countries.

  • Implementation: The agreement came into effect on January 1, 2006, with the aim of reducing tariffs and barriers to facilitate trade within the region.

  • Member Countries: The SAFTA agreement includes eight member countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.


By signing the SAFTA agreement, the member countries have committed to promoting regional trade and economic cooperation, which is expected to lead to increased investment, job creation, and overall economic growth in the region.
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