Test: Psychology- 1 - Humanities/Arts MCQ

Psychologists can study any of these core content areas including developmental, cognitive, affective, social and biological processes and behaviour.

The best answer is that the study of psychology involves the science of behaviour and mental processes. Psychology also involves emotional, developmental and physical processes, but is not limited to these types of processes. Psychology is not the science of philosophy.

In the past, many practitioners operated within a frame of reference that regarded homosexuality as a psychological disorder. However, there is no empirical evidence for this position, and it has therefore been abandoned (homosexuality is now regarded by psychologists as a sexual preference rather than as a psychological disorder of any kind).

Old NCERT

Controlled measurement and experimentation are the key tools in the science of psychology. Speculation, common sense, generalisation, personal experience and collective wisdom are anecdotal, non-systematic and uncontrolled method of collecting information and testing hypotheses.

According to the information-processing framework, both the brain and the computer consist of millions of components, yet the behaviour of computers can be understood by studying the programs that run them. In the same way, a good account of human behaviour is considered possible by using terms abstract enough to transcend the operation of the brain’s approximately 100 billion nerve cells. From the human information-processing perspective, information delivered to the senses is translated into a cognitive code. In other words, specific aspects of the environment are detected and their organization begins. According to this framework, two types of processing can occur: automatic processing, which is effortless and unconscious, and controlled processing, which is effortful and conscious.

Modern psychology has roots in philosophy, physiology and psychophysics. The bystander effect, Milgram’s experiments and behaviourism were outgrowths of modern psychology and did not precede the establishment of modern psychology.

Several factors led psychology away from behaviourism, and towards the 'Cognitive Revolution', including the realization that 1) the strict methodological controls that were part and parcel of behaviourism had resulted in the elimination of those concepts from people's everyday experience (e.g. their experience of consciousness); 2) the stimulus-response approach was inadequate for explaining many psychological phenomena (e.g. how language develops); and 3) behaviourism had therefore deprived psychology of some of its most interesting problems (e.g. how people ascribe meaning to events and how this meaning influences subsequent behaviour).

Geopolitical Psychology is not a recognised field within psychology.

• Cognitive Psychology focuses on mental processes like thinking and memory.
• Developmental Psychology studies growth and changes over a person's lifespan.
• Industrial Psychology applies psychological principles to workplace environments.

Gestalt psychology emphasizes that perception is more than the sum of its parts, focusing on holistic experiences.

Cross-cultural psychology studies the role of culture in understanding behavior, thought, and emotion, emphasizing that human behavior is shaped by socio-cultural contexts.