Directions: Read the passage and answer the questions that follow. Imagine that we stand on any ordinary seaside pier, and watch the waves rolling in and striking against the iron columns of the pier. Large waves pay very little attention to the columns—they divide right and left and re-unite after passing each column, much as a regiment of soldiers would if a tree stood in their way; it is almost as though the columns had not been there. But the short waves and ripples find the columns of the pier a much more formidable obstacle. When the short waves impinge on the columns, they are reflected back and spread as new ripples in all directions. To use the technical term, they are “scattered.” The obstacle provided by the iron columns hardly affects the long waves at all, but scatters the short ripples. We have been watching a working model of the way in which sunlight struggles through the earth’s atmosphere. Between us on earth and outer space the atmosphere interposes innumerable obstacles in the form of molecules of air, tiny droplets of water, and small particles of dust. They are represented by the columns of the pier. The waves of the sea represent the sunlight. We know that sunlight is a blend of lights of many colors—as we can prove for ourselves by passing it through a prism, or even through a jug of water, or as Nature demonstrates to us when she passes it through the raindrops of a summer shower and produces a rainbow. We also know that light consists of waves, and that the different colors of light are produced by waves of different lengths, red light by long waves and blue light by short waves. The mixture of waves which constitutes sunlight has to struggle through the obstacles it meets in the atmosphere, just as the mixture of waves at the seaside has to struggle past the columns of the pier. And these obstacles treat the light waves much as the columns of the pier treat the sea-waves. The long waves which constitute red light are hardly affected, but the short waves which constitute blue light are scattered in all directions. Thus, the different constituents of sunlight are treated in different ways as they struggle through the earth’s atmosphere. A wave of blue light may be scattered by a dust particle, and turned out of its course. After a time a second dust particle again turns it out of its course, and so on, until finally it enters our eyes by a path as zigzag as that of a flash of lightning. Consequently, the blue waves of the sunlight enter our eyes from all directions. And that is why the sky looks blue. We know from experience that if we look directly at the sun, we will see red light near the sun. This observation is supported by the passage for which one of the following reasons?

It seems reasonable to assume that red light would surround the sun because the sun is basically a large fireball.

It seems reasonable to assume that the other colors of light would either cancel each other or combine to produce red.

It seems reasonable to assume that red light would not be disturbed by the atmospheric particles and would consequently reach us by a relatively direct path from the sun to our eyes.

It is not supported by the passage. The author does not say what color of light should be near the sun, and he provides no reasons that would allow us to assume that the light would be red.

The author suggests that red light near the sun is observed because it follows a relatively direct path through the atmosphere, avoiding significant scattering.

Directions: Read the passage and answer the questions that follow. Imagine that we stand on any ordinary seaside pier, and watch the waves rolling in and striking against the iron columns of the pier. Large waves pay very little attention to the columns—they divide right and left and re-unite after passing each column, much as a regiment of soldiers would if a tree stood in their way; it is almost as though the columns had not been there. But the short waves and ripples find the columns of the pier a much more formidable obstacle. When the short waves impinge on the columns, they are reflected back and spread as new ripples in all directions. To use the technical term, they are “scattered.” The obstacle provided by the iron columns hardly affects the long waves at all, but scatters the short ripples. We have been watching a working model of the way in which sunlight struggles through the earth’s atmosphere. Between us on earth and outer space the atmosphere interposes innumerable obstacles in the form of molecules of air, tiny droplets of water, and small particles of dust. They are represented by the columns of the pier. The waves of the sea represent the sunlight. We know that sunlight is a blend of lights of many colors—as we can prove for ourselves by passing it through a prism, or even through a jug of water, or as Nature demonstrates to us when she passes it through the raindrops of a summer shower and produces a rainbow. We also know that light consists of waves, and that the different colors of light are produced by waves of different lengths, red light by long waves and blue light by short waves. The mixture of waves which constitutes sunlight has to struggle through the obstacles it meets in the atmosphere, just as the mixture of waves at the seaside has to struggle past the columns of the pier. And these obstacles treat the light waves much as the columns of the pier treat the sea-waves. The long waves which constitute red light are hardly affected, but the short waves which constitute blue light are scattered in all directions. Thus, the different constituents of sunlight are treated in different ways as they struggle through the earth’s atmosphere. A wave of blue light may be scattered by a dust particle, and turned out of its course. After a time a second dust particle again turns it out of its course, and so on, until finally it enters our eyes by a path as zigzag as that of a flash of lightning. Consequently, the blue waves of the sunlight enter our eyes from all directions. And that is why the sky looks blue. Scientists have observed that shorter wavelength light has more energy than longer wavelength light. From this we can conclude that

red light will exert more energy when it hits the surface of the earth than will blue light

lightning is caused by the collision of blue light with particles in the air.

red light will travel faster than blue light.

blue light has more energy than red light.

Blue light travels faster than red light.

Directions: Read the passage and answer the questions that follow. Imagine that we stand on any ordinary seaside pier, and watch the waves rolling in and striking against the iron columns of the pier. Large waves pay very little attention to the columns—they divide right and left and re-unite after passing each column, much as a regiment of soldiers would if a tree stood in their way; it is almost as though the columns had not been there. But the short waves and ripples find the columns of the pier a much more formidable obstacle. When the short waves impinge on the columns, they are reflected back and spread as new ripples in all directions. To use the technical term, they are “scattered.” The obstacle provided by the iron columns hardly affects the long waves at all, but scatters the short ripples. We have been watching a working model of the way in which sunlight struggles through the earth’s atmosphere. Between us on earth and outer space the atmosphere interposes innumerable obstacles in the form of molecules of air, tiny droplets of water, and small particles of dust. They are represented by the columns of the pier. The waves of the sea represent the sunlight. We know that sunlight is a blend of lights of many colors—as we can prove for ourselves by passing it through a prism, or even through a jug of water, or as Nature demonstrates to us when she passes it through the raindrops of a summer shower and produces a rainbow. We also know that light consists of waves, and that the different colors of light are produced by waves of different lengths, red light by long waves and blue light by short waves. The mixture of waves which constitutes sunlight has to struggle through the obstacles it meets in the atmosphere, just as the mixture of waves at the seaside has to struggle past the columns of the pier. And these obstacles treat the light waves much as the columns of the pier treat the sea-waves. The long waves which constitute red light are hardly affected, but the short waves which constitute blue light are scattered in all directions. Thus, the different constituents of sunlight are treated in different ways as they struggle through the earth’s atmosphere. A wave of blue light may be scattered by a dust particle, and turned out of its course. After a time a second dust particle again turns it out of its course, and so on, until finally it enters our eyes by a path as zigzag as that of a flash of lightning. Consequently, the blue waves of the sunlight enter our eyes from all directions. And that is why the sky looks blue. From the information presented in the passage, what can we conclude about the color of the sky on a day with a large quantity of dust in the air?

The sky would not change colors

We do not have enough information to determine a change in color

Directions: Read the passage and answer the questions that follow. Imagine that we stand on any ordinary seaside pier, and watch the waves rolling in and striking against the iron columns of the pier. Large waves pay very little attention to the columns—they divide right and left and re-unite after passing each column, much as a regiment of soldiers would if a tree stood in their way; it is almost as though the columns had not been there. But the short waves and ripples find the columns of the pier a much more formidable obstacle. When the short waves impinge on the columns, they are reflected back and spread as new ripples in all directions. To use the technical term, they are “scattered.” The obstacle provided by the iron columns hardly affects the long waves at all, but scatters the short ripples. We have been watching a working model of the way in which sunlight struggles through the earth’s atmosphere. Between us on earth and outer space the atmosphere interposes innumerable obstacles in the form of molecules of air, tiny droplets of water, and small particles of dust. They are represented by the columns of the pier. The waves of the sea represent the sunlight. We know that sunlight is a blend of lights of many colors—as we can prove for ourselves by passing it through a prism, or even through a jug of water, or as Nature demonstrates to us when she passes it through the raindrops of a summer shower and produces a rainbow. We also know that light consists of waves, and that the different colors of light are produced by waves of different lengths, red light by long waves and blue light by short waves. The mixture of waves which constitutes sunlight has to struggle through the obstacles it meets in the atmosphere, just as the mixture of waves at the seaside has to struggle past the columns of the pier. And these obstacles treat the light waves much as the columns of the pier treat the sea-waves. The long waves which constitute red light are hardly affected, but the short waves which constitute blue light are scattered in all directions. Thus, the different constituents of sunlight are treated in different ways as they struggle through the earth’s atmosphere. A wave of blue light may be scattered by a dust particle, and turned out of its course. After a time a second dust particle again turns it out of its course, and so on, until finally it enters our eyes by a path as zigzag as that of a flash of lightning. Consequently, the blue waves of the sunlight enter our eyes from all directions. And that is why the sky looks blue. Which one of the following does the author seem to imply?

Waves of light and waves of water are identical.

Waves of light have the same physical shape as waves of water

Waves of light and waves of water do not have very much in common.

Waves of water are only models of waves of light.

Sunlight travels through the atmosphere without any hindrance.

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow To the superficial observer scientific truth is unassailable, the logic of science is infallible; and if scientific men sometimes make mistakes, it is because they have not understood the rules of the game. Mathematical truths are derived from a few self-evident propositions, by a chain of flawless reasonings; they are imposed not only on us, but on Nature itself. By them the Creator is fettered, as it were, and His choice is limited to a relatively small number of solutions. A few experiments, therefore, will be sufficient to enable us to determine what choice He has made. From each experiment a number of consequences will follow by a series of mathematical deductions, and in this way each of them will reveal to us a corner of the universe. This, to the minds of most people, and to students who are getting their first ideas of physics, is the origin of certainty in science. This is what they take to be the role of experiment and mathematics. And thus, too, it was understood a hundred years ago by many men of science who dreamed of constructing the world with the aid of the smallest possible amount of material borrowed from experiment. But upon more mature reflection the position held by hypothesis was seen; it was recognised that it is as necessary to the experimenter as it is to the mathematician. And then the doubt arose if all these constructions are built on solid foundations. The conclusion was drawn that a breath would bring them to the ground. This sceptical attitude does not escape the charge of superficiality. To doubt everything or to believe everything are two equally convenient solutions; both dispense with the necessity of reflection. Instead of a summary condemnation we should examine with the utmost care the rôle of hypothesis; we shall then recognise not only that it is necessary, but that in most cases it is legitimate. We shall also see that there are several kinds of hypotheses; that some are verifiable, and when once confirmed by experiment become truths of great fertility; that others may be useful to us in fixing our ideas; and finally, that others are hypotheses only in appearance, and reduce to definitions or to conventions in disguise. The latter are to be met with especially in mathematics and in the sciences to which it is applied. From them, indeed, the sciences derive their rigour; such conventions are the result of the unrestricted activity of the mind, which in this domain recognizes no obstacle. For here the mind may affirm because it lays down its own laws; but let us clearly understand that while these laws are imposed on science, which otherwise could not exist, they are not imposed on Nature. Are they then arbitrary? No; for if they were, they would not be fertile. Experience leaves us our freedom of choice, but it guides us by helping us to discern the most convenient path to follow. Our laws are therefore like those of an absolute monarch, who is wise and consults his council of state. When the author of the passage says, “The conclusion was drawn that a breath would bring them to the ground”, he essentially refers to:

the fact that having a sceptical attitude can help in clarifying some hypothesis.

how one would be better at believing every hypothesis, and how these can ultimately lead to the right solutions.

how the sceptical approach adopted by many is detrimental to science and why it should be replaced with a positive one.

the importance of skepticism in questioning the solidity of scientific constructions.

the potential of a sceptical attitude to blow away a hypothesis and contrast this with the actual need of deep reflection to arrive at the right conclusions.

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow To the superficial observer scientific truth is unassailable, the logic of science is infallible; and if scientific men sometimes make mistakes, it is because they have not understood the rules of the game. Mathematical truths are derived from a few self-evident propositions, by a chain of flawless reasonings; they are imposed not only on us, but on Nature itself. By them the Creator is fettered, as it were, and His choice is limited to a relatively small number of solutions. A few experiments, therefore, will be sufficient to enable us to determine what choice He has made. From each experiment a number of consequences will follow by a series of mathematical deductions, and in this way each of them will reveal to us a corner of the universe. This, to the minds of most people, and to students who are getting their first ideas of physics, is the origin of certainty in science. This is what they take to be the role of experiment and mathematics. And thus, too, it was understood a hundred years ago by many men of science who dreamed of constructing the world with the aid of the smallest possible amount of material borrowed from experiment. But upon more mature reflection the position held by hypothesis was seen; it was recognised that it is as necessary to the experimenter as it is to the mathematician. And then the doubt arose if all these constructions are built on solid foundations. The conclusion was drawn that a breath would bring them to the ground. This sceptical attitude does not escape the charge of superficiality. To doubt everything or to believe everything are two equally convenient solutions; both dispense with the necessity of reflection. Instead of a summary condemnation we should examine with the utmost care the rôle of hypothesis; we shall then recognise not only that it is necessary, but that in most cases it is legitimate. We shall also see that there are several kinds of hypotheses; that some are verifiable, and when once confirmed by experiment become truths of great fertility; that others may be useful to us in fixing our ideas; and finally, that others are hypotheses only in appearance, and reduce to definitions or to conventions in disguise. The latter are to be met with especially in mathematics and in the sciences to which it is applied. From them, indeed, the sciences derive their rigour; such conventions are the result of the unrestricted activity of the mind, which in this domain recognizes no obstacle. For here the mind may affirm because it lays down its own laws; but let us clearly understand that while these laws are imposed on science, which otherwise could not exist, they are not imposed on Nature. Are they then arbitrary? No; for if they were, they would not be fertile. Experience leaves us our freedom of choice, but it guides us by helping us to discern the most convenient path to follow. Our laws are therefore like those of an absolute monarch, who is wise and consults his council of state. By comparing the laws laid down by our mind to those of an absolute monarch, the author is trying to:

Highlight their juvenile nature of our laws of the mind, as they derive their basic nature from those created by monarch who rules with absolute control.

Expose the infantile conclusions and hypothecations derived by our laws of the mind, and how these account for similar flaws committed by an absolute monarch.

Create a sense of understanding in us by showcasing how the monarch and our laws create an inherent similarity that underpins their relationship.

Juxtapose the similarity between the two by highlighting how the laws in the two cases are essentially formed by a single entity yet are extremely sagacious in their nature.

Illustrate the parallel between the laws of the mind and an absolute monarch to emphasize their wisdom and guiding role in their respective domains.

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow To the superficial observer scientific truth is unassailable, the logic of science is infallible; and if scientific men sometimes make mistakes, it is because they have not understood the rules of the game. Mathematical truths are derived from a few self-evident propositions, by a chain of flawless reasonings; they are imposed not only on us, but on Nature itself. By them the Creator is fettered, as it were, and His choice is limited to a relatively small number of solutions. A few experiments, therefore, will be sufficient to enable us to determine what choice He has made. From each experiment a number of consequences will follow by a series of mathematical deductions, and in this way each of them will reveal to us a corner of the universe. This, to the minds of most people, and to students who are getting their first ideas of physics, is the origin of certainty in science. This is what they take to be the role of experiment and mathematics. And thus, too, it was understood a hundred years ago by many men of science who dreamed of constructing the world with the aid of the smallest possible amount of material borrowed from experiment. But upon more mature reflection the position held by hypothesis was seen; it was recognised that it is as necessary to the experimenter as it is to the mathematician. And then the doubt arose if all these constructions are built on solid foundations. The conclusion was drawn that a breath would bring them to the ground. This sceptical attitude does not escape the charge of superficiality. To doubt everything or to believe everything are two equally convenient solutions; both dispense with the necessity of reflection. Instead of a summary condemnation we should examine with the utmost care the rôle of hypothesis; we shall then recognise not only that it is necessary, but that in most cases it is legitimate. We shall also see that there are several kinds of hypotheses; that some are verifiable, and when once confirmed by experiment become truths of great fertility; that others may be useful to us in fixing our ideas; and finally, that others are hypotheses only in appearance, and reduce to definitions or to conventions in disguise. The latter are to be met with especially in mathematics and in the sciences to which it is applied. From them, indeed, the sciences derive their rigour; such conventions are the result of the unrestricted activity of the mind, which in this domain recognizes no obstacle. For here the mind may affirm because it lays down its own laws; but let us clearly understand that while these laws are imposed on science, which otherwise could not exist, they are not imposed on Nature. Are they then arbitrary? No; for if they were, they would not be fertile. Experience leaves us our freedom of choice, but it guides us by helping us to discern the most convenient path to follow. Our laws are therefore like those of an absolute monarch, who is wise and consults his council of state. Which of the following would be the most appropriate conclusion?

The role of hypothesis in science is limited by our understanding of the situations.

The role of hypothesis in science supersedes the role of other every other virtue in science.

The role of hypothesis in science is multi-dimensional and is accompanied with situational application.

The role of hypothesis in science is multi-faceted and is not limited to any one popular conception.

The role of hypothesis in science extends beyond mere constraints, encompassing diverse dimensions and applications.

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. How much faith a person requires in order to flourish, how much "fixed opinion" he requires which he does not wish to have shaken, because he holds himself thereby is a measure of his power (or more plainly speaking, of his weakness). Most people in old Europe, as it seems to me, still need Christianity at present, and on that account it still finds belief. For such is man: a theological dogma might be refuted to him a thousand times, provided, however, that he had need of it, he would again and again accept it as "true," according to the famous "proof of power" of which the Bible speaks. Some have still need of metaphysics; but also the impatient longing for certainty which at present discharges itself in scientific, positivist fashion among large numbers of the people, the longing by all means to get at something stable (while on account of the warmth of the longing the establishing of the certainty is more leisurely and negligently undertaken): even this is still the longing for a hold, a support; in short, the instinct of weakness, which, while not actually creating religions, nevertheless preserves them. In fact, around all these positivist systems there fume the vapours of a certain pessimistic gloom, something of weariness, fatalism, disillusionment, and tear of new disillusionment or else manifest animosity, ill-humour, anarchic exasperation, and whatever there is of symptom or masquerade of the feeling of weakness. Belief is always most desired, most pressingly needed, where there is a lack of will: for the will, as emotion of command, is the distinguishing characteristic of sovereignty and power. That is to say, the less a person knows how to command, the more urgent is his desire for that which commands, and commands sternly, a God, a prince, a caste, a physician, a confessor, a dogma, a party conscience. Fanaticism is the sole "volitional strength" to which the weak and irresolute can be excited, as a sort of hypnotising of the entire sensory-intellectual system, in favour of the over-abundant nutrition (hypertrophy) of a particular point of view and a particular sentiment, which then dominates the Christian calls it his faith. When a man arrives at the fundamental conviction that he requires to be commanded, he becomes "a believer." Reversely, one could imagine a delight and a power of self-determining, and a freedom of will, whereby a spirit could bid farewell to every belief, to every wish for certainty, accustomed as it would be to support itself on slender cords and possibilities, and to dance even on the verge of abysses. Such a spirit would be the spirit par excellence. Which of the following does the author believe to be the reason why Christianity still survives in the modern world?

People need something to cover their weaknesses, and Christianity is the apt medium for this purpose.

People are not willing to command themselves, and as such depend on religion to command their lives

Christianity, as a religion has the quality of making believers feel stronger than they actually are.

People require a certain degree of certainty, and the Christian faith provides them with it.

People find comfort in the familiar rituals and traditions associated with Christianity.

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. When the anarchist, as the mouthpiece of the declining strata of society, demands with a fine indignation what is "right," "justice," and "equal rights," he is merely under the pressure of his own uncultured state, which cannot comprehend the real reason for his suffering - what it is that he is poor in: life. A causal instinct asserts itself in him: it must be somebody's fault that he is in a bad way. Also, the "fine indignation" itself soothes him; it is a pleasure for all wretched devils to scold: it gives a slight but intoxicating sense of power. Even plaintiveness and complaining can give life a charm for the sake of which one endures it: there is a fine dose of revenge in every complaint; one charges one's own bad situation, and under certain circumstances even one's own badness, to those who are different, as if that were an injustice, a forbidden privilege. "If I am canaille, you ought to be too" - on such logic are revolutions made. Complaining is never any good: it stems from weakness. Whether one charges one's misfortune to others or to oneself - the socialist does the former; the Christian, for example, the latter - really makes no difference. The common and, let us add, the unworthy thing is that it is supposed to be somebody's fault that one is suffering; in short, that the sufferer prescribes the honey of revenge for himself against his suffering. The objects of this need for revenge, as a need for pleasure, are mere occasions: everywhere the sufferer finds occasions for satisfying his little revenge. If he is a Christian - to repeat it once more - he finds them in himself. The Christian and the anarchist are both decadents. When the Christian condemns, slanders, and besmirches "the world," his instinct is the same as that which prompts the socialist worker to condemn, slander, and besmirch society. The "last judgment" is the sweet comfort of revenge - the revolution, which the socialist worker also awaits, but conceived as a little farther off. The "beyond" - why a beyond, if not as a means for besmirching this world? It can be inferred from the passage that:

The author considers socialists to be even worse than Christians, as they blame others for their suffering, rather than taking responsibility themselves.

The author believes that rather than complaining, one should take responsibility and attempt to change the state of affairs.

The author believes that whether one blames others for one's misfortune, or whether one blames himself, it is equally bad.

The author considers anarchists to be the true benefactors of mankind.

The author suggests that complaining, whether blaming others or oneself, stems from a common weakness shared by both Christians and anarchists.

Directions : Aashapurna housing society' has apartments in two wings: east wing and west wing. On occasion of Christmas there is a get-together event being organized by the working committee (WC) of the society. An event comprising a quiz competition, a dumb charades game and a spin the bottle game is to take place, but since all residents of society cannot participate, a pre-final event within the east and west wings takes place separately and selected participant out of these events would compete in final against each other. Secretary of east wing of society supervises the games within his wing and allows each resident to take part in only one game of their choice. All participants of quiz contest are asked 50 questions each and get 1 point for 1 correct answer and 0 point for a wrong answer. All participants of dumb charade are given 50 chances to guess names of 50 movies, and get 1 point for 1 correct guess provided they do not guess a wrong movie name, after which they are considered out of game. Each participant of spin the bottle play 50 rounds of game together and winner of each round gets 1 point and others get 0 point. So, if there are 'n' number of participants then we get '50n' rounds. The game is based on sheer chance. After all games are conducted, the points distribution for East wing residents for quiz competition turned out to be as given below. The similar score was observed for the other two games as well. Answer following questions based on the above information, considering that the following questions are for the final rounds that are to be conducted: Three teams comprising of two participants each is to be selected for quiz competition, what should be the criteria for selection of the teams?

selection of all the players can be done randomly out of participating residents

all players scoring points between 41-50 should be selected

one player from each point range should be selected to give a fair chance to all

person scoring points between 0-15 should not be selected

Participants with the top three overall scores should be selected.

Directions: Aashapurna housing society' has apartments in two wings: east wing and west wing. On occasion of Christmas there is a get-together event being organized by the working committee (WC) of the society. An event comprising a quiz competition, a dumb charades game and a spin the bottle game is to take place, but since all residents of society cannot participate, a pre-final event within the east and west wings takes place separately and selected participant out of these events would compete in final against each other. Secretary of east wing of society supervises the games within his wing and allows each resident to take part in only one game of their choice. All participants of quiz contest are asked 50 questions each and get 1 point for 1 correct answer and 0 point for a wrong answer. All participants of dumb charade are given 50 chances to guess names of 50 movies, and get 1 point for 1 correct guess provided they do not guess a wrong movie name, after which they are considered out of game. Each participant of spin the bottle play 50 rounds of game together and winner of each round gets 1 point and others get 0 point. So, if there are 'n' number of participants then we get '50n' rounds. The game is based on sheer chance. After all games are conducted, the points distribution for East wing residents for quiz competition turned out to be as given below. The similar score was observed for the other two games as well. Answer following questions based on the above information, considering that the following questions are for the final rounds that are to be conducted: Which of the following would be the best way for selecting a dumb charade team of 5 members?

participants scoring points more than 40 should be selected

participants scoring points more than 25 should be selected

no one scoring less than 15 points should be selected

participants scoring points more than 30 should be selected.

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. When the anarchist, as the mouthpiece of the declining strata of society, demands with a fine indignation what is "right," "justice," and "equal rights," he is merely under the pressure of his own uncultured state, which cannot comprehend the real reason for his suffering - what it is that he is poor in: life. A causal instinct asserts itself in him: it must be somebody's fault that he is in a bad way. Also, the "fine indignation" itself soothes him; it is a pleasure for all wretched devils to scold: it gives a slight but intoxicating sense of power. Even plaintiveness and complaining can give life a charm for the sake of which one endures it: there is a fine dose of revenge in every complaint; one charges one's own bad situation, and under certain circumstances even one's own badness, to those who are different, as if that were an injustice, a forbidden privilege. "If I am canaille, you ought to be too" - on such logic are revolutions made. Complaining is never any good: it stems from weakness. Whether one charges one's misfortune to others or to oneself - the socialist does the former; the Christian, for example, the latter - really makes no difference. The common and, let us add, the unworthy thing is that it is supposed to be somebody's fault that one is suffering; in short, that the sufferer prescribes the honey of revenge for himself against his suffering. The objects of this need for revenge, as a need for pleasure, are mere occasions: everywhere the sufferer finds occasions for satisfying his little revenge. If he is a Christian - to repeat it once more - he finds them in himself. The Christian and the anarchist are both decadents. When the Christian condemns, slanders, and besmirches "the world," his instinct is the same as that which prompts the socialist worker to condemn, slander, and besmirch society. The "last judgment" is the sweet comfort of revenge - the revolution, which the socialist worker also awaits, but conceived as a little farther off. The "beyond" - why a beyond, if not as a means for besmirching this world? What is the closest interpretation of "Be not like dumb, driven cattle! Be a hero in the strife!"?

To understand the bivouac of life.

To understand the metaphor of life as a battle in a Christian context.

To act as an individual in the battle of life rather than cattle under the control of a leader simply marching towards the grave.

To live life to make a lasting impression.

To embrace life's struggles with heroism and avoid mindless conformity.

The football coach at a midwestern college noticed that some of his players were frequently late to morning football practices and seemed somewhat lethargic after they did arrive. He directed his assistant coach to look into the matter. The assistant coach reported back that most of the late and less active players belonged to fraternities on campus which were renowned for their frequent and late-night parties. The head coach then prohibited all of his football players from being members of fraternities. He reported that this would ensure that his players would get to practice on time and that they would have more productive practice sessions. The head coach’s reasoning is not sound because he fails to establish which one of the following:

He fails to establish a system to monitor his players’ fraternity membership and to impose penalties for those who do not follow his new rule.

He fails to establish that his players are physically big and strong enough to be successful football players.

He fails to establish that his new policy will ensure that at least some of his football players will go to bed at a more reasonable hour.

He fails to establish that his best football players did not belong to fraternities anyway.

He fails to establish that late-night parties are the sole cause of his players' tardiness and lethargy.

Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate option that follows: Since a conventional lidar system would require ______ 100 times _____ many photons to make depth estimates of similar accuracy _______ comparable conditions, the new system could yield substantial savings in energy and time - _______ are at a premium in autonomous vehicles trying to _______ collisions

About, more, under, what, avoid

Many, like, under, which, avoid

About, more, under, what, happen

Although World War II ended nearly a half century ago, Russia and Japan still have not signed a formal peace treaty; and both countries have been reticent to develop closer relations.

have not signed a formal peace treaty; and both countries have been

did not signed a formal peace treaty; and both countries have been

have not signed a formal peace treaty; and both countries being

have not signed a formal peace treaty; and both countries are

did not sign a formal peace treaty; and both countries remain

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate pair of words/phrases. There are several instances when the benefactor ___________ by the beneficiary. In fact, that is human nature: once you get served by someone you enjoy the benefit and forget the benefactor and his act of compassion. It hurts your ego to remember that you have taken a favor from someone. So by _____________ superior or by trying to demean the benefactor we nurture our ego and convince ourselves that we haven't really been helped by anyone.

is distressed, pretending to be

is injured, declaring ourselves

remains unaffected, refusing from being

is overlooked, downplaying the favor

Directions: Read the following case and answer the questions that follow: Mata Motors introduced an ambitious project in the year 2007 of launching a car that would only cost Rs. 1 lac. The basic ambition behind this scheme was to target the group of motor-cyclists and two-wheeler drivers in India. The company thought at the time that such a product would be highly attractive to the lower and the lower-middle classes as this would give them a chance of escaping lives on two-wheelers, and at the same time, enable the company to generate a foothold in the Indian market. The company first decided to set-up the plant in West Bengal and got into an MOU with the West Bengal government. The company was forcibly allocated land in Bandigram, and it started work on the plant. One year into the project, the company faced wide-scale protests against the forcible land acquisition, and ultimately it had to shift the plant to another state. The company lost 2 years in the process. Ultimately, the car which was meant to be launched in 2010, was launched in 2012. During these years, the international metal and oil market went through some wild fluctuations and this has meant that the company had to face rising raw material costs. This meant that the overall cost of the car went up by about 15% and meant that the 1 lac price point previously announced become clearly unviable. To add to the companies’ woes, the company’s suppliers for essential accessories and fittings such as lamps, seat covers etc. also asked for an increase in prices, and have started delaying or cancelling their deliveries. In the light of these events, even though the car was launched in the year 2012, very few deliveries have been made, and the enormous interest the car generated is beginning to dissipate. The customers who pre-booked the cars are unhappy that their cars have not been delivered, and the Matas are in a fix with respect to their suppliers as well the price of the car. In the given scenario, what is the advisable approach that the branding team for Matas should adopt?

it should not run any campaigns in the near future, lest it might add fuel to an already burning fire.

it should change the branding of the Micro, and ensure that the car is no longer sold as the 1 lac car.

it should run an increased number of campaigns to counter the negative publicity.

it should inform the people of the problems being faced by company and clear the air.

Rebrand the Micro as a premium, feature-rich car targeting a different market segment, emphasizing quality and advanced features.

Directions: Read the following case and answer the questions that follow: Mata Motors introduced an ambitious project in the year 2007 of launching a car that would only cost Rs. 1 lac. The basic ambition behind this scheme was to target the group of motor-cyclists and two-wheeler drivers in India. The company thought at the time that such a product would be highly attractive to the lower and the lower-middle classes as this would give them a chance of escaping lives on two-wheelers, and at the same time, enable the company to generate a foothold in the Indian market. The company first decided to set-up the plant in West Bengal and got into an MOU with the West Bengal government. The company was forcibly allocated land in Bandigram, and it started work on the plant. One year into the project, the company faced wide-scale protests against the forcible land acquisition, and ultimately it had to shift the plant to another state. The company lost 2 years in the process. Ultimately, the car which was meant to be launched in 2010, was launched in 2012. During these years, the international metal and oil market went through some wild fluctuations and this has meant that the company had to face rising raw material costs. This meant that the overall cost of the car went up by about 15% and meant that the 1 lac price point previously announced become clearly unviable. To add to the companies’ woes, the company’s suppliers for essential accessories and fittings such as lamps, seat covers etc. also asked for an increase in prices, and have started delaying or cancelling their deliveries. In the light of these events, even though the car was launched in the year 2012, very few deliveries have been made, and the enormous interest the car generated is beginning to dissipate. The customers who pre-booked the cars are unhappy that their cars have not been delivered, and the Matas are in a fix with respect to their suppliers as well the price of the car. The company, in the given case, can be said to have majorly committed the mistake of:

assuming that the customers would act as trusting lambs, and would not be too demanding.

not accounting for government red-tape.

overestimating the feasibility of the Rs. 1 lac price point.

being naïve to have not envisaged operational and pricing issues.

Directions: Read the following case and answer the questions that follow: Mata Motors introduced an ambitious project in the year 2007 of launching a car that would only cost Rs. 1 lac. The basic ambition behind this scheme was to target the group of motor-cyclists and two-wheeler drivers in India. The company thought at the time that such a product would be highly attractive to the lower and the lower-middle classes as this would give them a chance of escaping lives on two-wheelers, and at the same time, enable the company to generate a foothold in the Indian market. The company first decided to set-up the plant in West Bengal and got into an MOU with the West Bengal government. The company was forcibly allocated land in Bandigram, and it started work on the plant. One year into the project, the company faced wide-scale protests against the forcible land acquisition, and ultimately it had to shift the plant to another state. The company lost 2 years in the process. Ultimately, the car which was meant to be launched in 2010, was launched in 2012. During these years, the international metal and oil market went through some wild fluctuations and this has meant that the company had to face rising raw material costs. This meant that the overall cost of the car went up by about 15% and meant that the 1 lac price point previously announced become clearly unviable. To add to the companies’ woes, the company’s suppliers for essential accessories and fittings such as lamps, seat covers etc. also asked for an increase in prices, and have started delaying or cancelling their deliveries. In the light of these events, even though the car was launched in the year 2012, very few deliveries have been made, and the enormous interest the car generated is beginning to dissipate. The customers who pre-booked the cars are unhappy that their cars have not been delivered, and the Matas are in a fix with respect to their suppliers as well the price of the car. In order to compete with the Matas, Baruti has decided to come-up with its own economy vehicle. Baruti feels that having a low-priced vehicle in the market would ensure that its number-1 reign in the market continues. Baruti should adopt which out of the following strategies?

Come up with a car that matches the price of the Mata Micro.

Come up with a car that has better features than the Micro, yet is cheaper.

Come up with a car that is cheaper than the Micro, though it may have lesser number of features than it.

Come up with a car that has better features than the Micro, though it might be priced higher than it

Introduce a car with unique eco-friendly features, even if it means a slightly higher price than the Mata Micro.

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