Test: Must Be True - GMAT MCQ

Let's examine each answer choice and determine which one can be inferred from the passage:

(A) If advertising revenues are down, the company is not responsible for providing Christmas bonuses to its employees unless the employees are willing to help improve advertising revenues.
This statement cannot be inferred from the passage. While it is mentioned that the company's budget might not allow for the Christmas bonus due to a decline in advertising revenues, there is no explicit mention that the company is not responsible for providing the bonus unless employees contribute to improving advertising revenues.

(B) By asking the employees to contribute to an improvement in advertising revenues, the company is essentially asking employees to contribute to their own bonuses.
This statement can be inferred from the passage. The financial officer's memo informs employees that the company will be unable to provide the Christmas bonuses unless employees contribute to an improvement in advertising revenues. This implies that the company is asking employees to help generate more revenue, which would then allow for the payment of the bonuses. Therefore, it can be concluded that the company is essentially asking employees to contribute to their own bonuses.

(C) If the company has always been able to provide the Christmas bonus in the past, there is no reason it should be unable to do so in the present, so the financial officer must be falsifying the numbers.
This statement cannot be inferred from the passage. While it is mentioned that the company has provided the Christmas bonus annually in the past, it does not necessarily mean that the company will always be able to do so. The financial officer's review of the books indicates a decline in advertising revenues, which could be a valid reason for the company's inability to provide the bonuses this year.

(D) Unless employees contribute to the advertising revenues, the only other choice for the company will be to downsize and lay off employees.
This statement cannot be inferred from the passage. The passage does not mention that downsizing or laying off employees is the only other choice for the company if employees do not contribute to advertising revenues. It simply states that the company will be unable to provide the bonuses unless employees contribute, but it does not specify the consequences if they do not.

(E) Because the company has guaranteed the Christmas bonuses in the employee handbook, the employees will likely go on strike if they do not receive the bonuses.
This statement cannot be inferred from the passage. While it is mentioned that the employee handbook includes a guarantee of the Christmas bonuses, there is no mention or suggestion in the passage that the employees will go on strike if the bonuses are not received.

Based on the analysis above, the only statement that can be inferred from the passage is (B): "By asking the employees to contribute to an improvement in advertising revenues, the company is essentially asking employees to contribute to their own bonuses."

The author's main argument is that in order to be an effective politician, one must be deceitful. They believe that politicians need to be dishonest in order to perform their job properly. Based on this reasoning, the author concludes that all effective politicians are rotten.

Now let's examine each option:

(A) Some people think all politicians are rotten.
This statement is consistent with the author's argument, as they claim that all effective politicians are rotten. Therefore, option (A) can be true.

(B) Some politicians are scrupulously honest.
This statement contradicts the author's argument that effective politicians must be deceitful. If there are politicians who are scrupulously honest, it implies that they can still be effective, which goes against the author's belief. Therefore, option (B) cannot be true.

(C) Some people define a politician’s job as obeying the rules of society.
This statement does not directly relate to the author's argument about deceitfulness and effectiveness. It introduces a different perspective on defining a politician's job. Therefore, option (C) can be true.

(D) Some deceitful politicians are ineffective.
This statement does not contradict the author's argument. It is possible to have deceitful politicians who are not effective for various reasons. Therefore, option (D) can be true.

(E) Some scrupulously honest politicians are effective.
This statement directly contradicts the author's argument that all effective politicians must be deceitful. If there are scrupulously honest politicians who are still effective, it undermines the author's claim. Therefore, option (E) cannot be true.

In conclusion, the statement that CANNOT be true based on the author's argument is option (E) – "Some scrupulously honest politicians are effective."

The prompt states that most of the whole blood donated for transfusion is type O, which is compatible with all blood types. It also mentions that type O blood is especially important in emergencies when there is no time for blood typing.

(A) Most of the population has type O blood. This statement cannot be concluded from the given information. The prompt only mentions that most of the donated blood is type O, but it does not provide information about the blood types of the entire population.

(B) Transfusions of any but type O blood necessitates prior typing of the recipient's blood. This statement can be inferred from the information given. Since type O blood is compatible with all blood types, it can be used for transfusions without the need for blood typing. However, for any other blood type, blood typing is necessary to ensure compatibility.

(C) Only type O blood requires too much time for typing in emergencies. This statement is not supported by the information provided. The prompt states that type O blood is especially important in emergencies because there is no time for typing. It does not suggest that typing other blood types takes too much time.

(D) Type O blood is especially useful because it is the same type as most people's blood. This statement cannot be concluded from the given information. The prompt only mentions that type O blood is compatible with all blood types, not that it is the same type as most people's blood.

(E) Supplies of type O blood are always too low to meet emergencies. This statement cannot be concluded from the given information. The prompt mentions that type O blood is usually in short supply, but it does not state that the supplies are always too low to meet emergencies.

Therefore, the correct answer is (B) Transfusions of any but type O blood necessitates prior typing of the recipients' blood, as it can be inferred from the information provided.

Let's analyze each answer choice and see which one is most strongly supported by the given statements:

(A) There are other very large design companies besides Baxe, but they produce designs that are inferior to Baxe’s.
The statements do not provide any information about the quality of designs produced by other large companies. We only know that Baxe has not won any awards, but it doesn't necessarily mean that their designs are inferior. This answer choice is not strongly supported.

(B) Baxe does not have a near monopoly in the market of any category of interior design other than corporate interiors.
The statements only mention the corporate market, and there is no information provided about other categories of interior design. Therefore, we cannot conclude whether Baxe has a near monopoly in other markets or not. This answer choice is not strongly supported.

(C) For the most part, designs that are produced by small companies are superior to the designs produced by Baxe.
There is no direct information given about the superiority of designs produced by small companies compared to Baxe. We only know that some small design companies have won awards, but it doesn't necessarily mean that their designs are generally superior to Baxe's. This answer choice is not strongly supported.

(D) At least some of the corporate managers who solicit design proposals are unaware that there are designs that are much better than those produced by Baxe.
There is no information provided about the awareness of corporate managers regarding designs that are better than Baxe's. Therefore, we cannot conclude whether they are aware or unaware of such designs. This answer choice is not strongly supported.

(E) The existence of interior designs that are superior to those produced by Baxe does not currently threaten its near monopoly in the corporate market.
This answer choice is supported by the given statements. The fact that small design companies have won prestigious awards for their corporate work suggests that there are designs that are considered superior to Baxe's. However, despite this, Baxe still maintains a near monopoly in the corporate market. This indicates that the existence of superior designs does not currently threaten Baxe's dominant position. Therefore, this answer choice is the most strongly supported.

In conclusion, the answer choice that is most strongly supported by the given statements is (E) The existence of interior designs that are superior to those produced by Baxe does not currently threaten its near monopoly in the corporate market.

Statement 1: A package is never accepted for delivery by the delivery service unless it is within the established size limits.
This statement tells us that for a package to be accepted for delivery, it must meet the size limits set by the delivery service.

Statement 2: All packages accepted for delivery by the delivery service have a return address.
This statement tells us that every package accepted for delivery by the delivery service must have a return address.

Now let's examine each option:

(A) The delivery service charges more for heavier packages than for lighter packages.
There is no information given in the statements regarding the delivery service's charging policy based on package weight. We cannot determine if this statement is true or false based on the given information.

(B) The delivery service will always accept for delivery a package that is within the established size limits.
This statement directly contradicts the first statement, which says that a package must meet the established size limits to be accepted for delivery. Therefore, this statement is false.

(C) If a package is within the established size limits and has a return address, it will be accepted for delivery by the delivery service no matter how heavy the package is.
This statement combines the conditions of both statements given. It correctly combines the requirement of size limits and having a return address for a package to be accepted for delivery. However, it does not provide any information about the weight of the package. Without any information about weight, we cannot conclude that this statement is true. It may or may not be true.

(D) A package that is not within the established size limits but has a return address is never accepted for delivery by the delivery service.
This statement aligns with the first statement, which states that a package must be within the established size limits to be accepted for delivery. It also aligns with the second statement, which states that all packages accepted for delivery must have a return address. Therefore, based on the given information, this statement must be true.

(E) The delivery service does not charge for packages that must be returned to the sender.
There is no information given in the statements about the delivery service's charging policy for packages that need to be returned to the sender. We cannot determine if this statement is true or false based on the given information.

In summary, based on the given information, the only statement that must be true is (D): A package that is not within the established size limits but has a return address is never accepted for delivery by the delivery service.

(A) The surface of Mars is less subject to forces of erosion than is the surface of the Earth.
There is no information provided in the passage about erosion on Mars or Earth. Therefore, we cannot conclude that the surface of Mars is less subject to erosion than Earth. This statement cannot be determined to be true or false based on the given information.

(B) The highest volcanoes on Mars occur where its crust is thickest.
The passage does not provide any information about the location of the highest volcanoes on Mars in relation to the thickness of its crust. Therefore, we cannot conclude that the highest volcanoes on Mars occur where its crust is thickest. This statement cannot be determined to be true or false based on the given information.

(C) On average, volcanoes on Mars are higher than those on Earth.
The passage states that the largest volcano on Mars rises 26 kilometers above the surrounding plain. However, no information is provided about the average height of volcanoes on Mars or Earth. Therefore, we cannot conclude that, on average, volcanoes on Mars are higher than those on Earth. This statement cannot be determined to be true or false based on the given information.

(D) The crust of Mars, at least at certain points on the planet, is thicker than the crust of the Earth.
The passage mentions that the Earth's crust is too thin to support a volcano of the size found on Mars. From this, we can infer that the crust of Mars, at least at certain points on the planet, is thicker than the crust of the Earth. This statement can be determined to be true based on the given information.

(E) At least some of Earth’s volcanoes would be larger than they actually are if the Earth’s crust were thicker than it is.
The passage mentions that the Earth's crust is too thin to support a volcano of the size found on Mars. From this, we can infer that if the Earth's crust were thicker, it would be able to support larger volcanoes. Therefore, at least some of Earth's volcanoes would be larger than they actually are if the Earth's crust were thicker than it is. This statement can be determined to be true based on the given information.

In summary, based on the given information, statements (D) and (E) can be determined to be true. The correct answer is (D).

Let's analyze each statement and determine which ones must be true based on the information provided:

(A) At least 1/2 of the female voters supported the incumbent mayor.

This statement cannot be determined based on the information given. We know that 2/3 of all voters supported the incumbent mayor, but we do not have information specifically about the support among female voters.

(B) The incumbent mayor received stronger support from the female voters than from the male voters.

This statement cannot be determined based on the information given. We know the proportion of female voters, but we do not have information about the specific level of support from female voters compared to male voters.

(C) There were no other candidates in the election who received more than 30% of all the votes.

This statement cannot be determined based on the information given. We know that the incumbent mayor won with a substantially greater number of votes than any other candidate, but we do not have information about the exact vote shares of other candidates.

(D) 45% of the voters in the election were male and none of them were 75 years old.

This statement must be true. We know that 55% of the voters were female, so the remaining 45% must be male. Additionally, the spokesperson stated that all voters were between the ages of 18 and 70, so none of them were 75 years old.

(E) If the proportion of male and female voters in the city remains the same, the incumbent mayor is also likely to win the next election.

This statement cannot be determined based on the information given. We do not have any information about the popularity or performance of the incumbent mayor beyond the 2006 election.

Therefore, the statement (D) is the only one that must be true based on the information provided.

Let's analyze each statement and determine which one must be true based on the information provided:

(A) The percentage of households with an annual income of $80,000 is higher in Sommer County than in Merton County.
This statement cannot be concluded from the information provided. We only know that Merton County has a higher percentage of households with an annual income of more than $40,000 and Sommer County has a higher percentage of households with an annual income of $60,000 or more. There is no direct information about the percentage of households with an annual income of $80,000 in either county.

(B) Merton County has the second-highest percentage of households with an annual income of $60,000 or more.
This statement cannot be concluded from the information provided. We only know that Sommer County has a higher percentage of households with an annual income of $60,000 or more than Merton County. There could be other counties with a higher percentage of households in this income range than Merton County.

(C) The percentage of households with an annual income between $40,000 and $60,000 is higher in Merton County than in Sommer County.
This statement must be true based on the information provided. We are told that the percentage of households with an annual income of more than $40,000 is higher in Merton County than in any other county. Since Sommer County has a higher percentage of households with an annual income of $60,000 or more, it means that the households with an annual income between $40,000 and $60,000 must be higher in Merton County, as those households are not included in the higher income range of Sommer County.

(D) The total number of households with an annual income of more than $40,000 is greater in Merton County than in Sommer County.
This statement cannot be concluded from the information provided. We only know the percentage of households with an annual income of more than $40,000 is higher in Merton County, but we don't have any information about the total number of households in either county.

(E) Average annual household income is higher in Sommer County than in Merton County.
This statement cannot be concluded from the information provided. The information only tells us about the percentage of households in specific income ranges but does not provide any information about the actual income levels or averages in either county.

Therefore, the only statement that must be true based on the given information is (C) The percentage of households with an annual income between $40,000 and $60,000 is higher in Merton County than in Sommer County.

Let's analyze each statement and determine which one must also be true based on the given information:

(A) Some cats that have a high muscle-to-fat ratio are not good hunters.

This statement is not necessarily true. The passage states that all good hunters have a high muscle-to-fat ratio, but it doesn't say anything about cats with a high muscle-to-fat ratio that are not good hunters. There could be cats with a high muscle-to-fat ratio that are not good hunters, but we cannot definitively conclude this based on the given information. Therefore, (A) is not necessarily true.

(B) A smaller number of domestic cats than wild cats have a high muscle-to-fat ratio.

The passage does not provide any information regarding the relative numbers of domestic cats and wild cats with a high muscle-to-fat ratio. The information only states that "most" wild cats are good hunters, but it doesn't give any indication about the proportion of domestic cats with a high muscle-to-fat ratio. Therefore, (B) is not necessarily true.

(C) All cats that are bad hunters have a low muscle-to-fat ratio.

This statement contradicts the information provided in the passage. The passage states that good hunters have a high muscle-to-fat ratio but doesn't provide any information about the muscle-to-fat ratio of bad hunters. Therefore, (C) is not necessarily true.

(D) Some cats that have a high muscle-to-fat ratio are domestic.

This statement must be true based on the given information. The passage mentions that most wild cats are good hunters, but it also states that some domestic cats are good hunters as well. Since good hunters have a high muscle-to-fat ratio, it follows that there must be some domestic cats with a high muscle-to-fat ratio. Therefore, (D) must be true.

(E) All cats that have a high muscle-to-fat ratio can kill prey that weigh up to half their body weight.

This statement is not necessarily true. The passage states that good hunters, which have a high muscle-to-fat ratio, can kill prey that weigh up to half their body weight. However, it doesn't mention anything about cats with a high muscle-to-fat ratio that are not good hunters. There could be cats with a high muscle-to-fat ratio that are not capable of killing prey that weigh up to half their body weight. Therefore, (E) is not necessarily true.

In summary, the statement that must also be true based on the given information is (D) Some cats that have a high muscle-to-fat ratio are domestic.

The given information states that among individuals aged 35-45 in Gowburg, there are two groups: those who prefer music that was popular twenty years ago and those who prefer music that is popular today. Additionally, the preferences of their children and spouses are taken into account. Let's analyze the options one by one to see which hypothesis is supported by the given information:

(A) Parents who prefer music that is popular today are more likely to have musical tastes in common with their children than with their spouses.

This hypothesis is supported by the given information. It states that children of parents who prefer music that was popular twenty years ago are three times as likely to prefer the same music. Similarly, children of parents who prefer music that is popular today are ten times as likely to prefer the same music. This suggests that parents are more likely to share musical tastes with their children rather than with their spouses. Therefore, option (A) is the most supported hypothesis.

(B) Unmarried adults are more likely to prefer music that was popular twenty years ago than music that is popular today.

The given information does not provide any data or comparison regarding the musical preferences of unmarried adults. Therefore, option (B) cannot be supported by the given information.

(C) Parents who do not have musical preferences are less likely than the general population to have spouses who have musical preferences.

The given information does not provide any information about parents who do not have musical preferences or their likelihood of having spouses with musical preferences. Therefore, option (C) cannot be supported by the given information.

(D) Children of people who prefer music that was popular twenty years ago are not more likely than the general population to prefer music that was popular twenty years ago.

This hypothesis contradicts the information provided. The given information clearly states that children of parents who prefer music that was popular twenty years ago are three times as likely to prefer the same music. Therefore, option (D) is not supported.

(E) Between 10% and 30% of children prefer either music that is popular today or music that was popular twenty years ago.

The given information does not provide any specific percentages or numerical data about the preferences of children. Therefore, option (E) cannot be supported.

In conclusion, among the given options, option (A) is the most supported hypothesis based on the provided information.