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Test: DNA Replication - BMAT MCQ


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17 Questions MCQ Test - Test: DNA Replication

Test: DNA Replication for BMAT 2025 is part of BMAT preparation. The Test: DNA Replication questions and answers have been prepared according to the BMAT exam syllabus.The Test: DNA Replication MCQs are made for BMAT 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Test: DNA Replication below.
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Test: DNA Replication - Question 1
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What is the primary function of DNA replication in living cells?

Detailed Solution for Test: DNA Replication - Question 1
The primary function of DNA replication is to copy DNA so that each new cell receives the same genetic information as the parent cell.
This process ensures the continuity of genetic information across generations, which is essential for growth and reproduction in living organisms.
Test: DNA Replication - Question 2
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During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Detailed Solution for Test: DNA Replication - Question 2
DNA replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle.
This phase is specifically dedicated to DNA synthesis, ensuring that each daughter cell will have an identical set of chromosomes following cell division.
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Test: DNA Replication - Question 3
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Which rule dictates the pairing of bases during DNA replication?

Detailed Solution for Test: DNA Replication - Question 3
The base pairing rule states that adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine during DNA replication.
This ensures that the genetic information is accurately copied from the parent strand to the daughter strand.
Test: DNA Replication - Question 4
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What is meant by the term 'semiconservative' in the context of DNA replication?
Detailed Solution for Test: DNA Replication - Question 4
'Semiconservative' refers to the mechanism of DNA replication where each new DNA molecule consists of one parent strand and one newly synthesized strand.
This was demonstrated in the Meselson and Stahl experiment, confirming that genetic information is preserved in half of the new DNA.
Test: DNA Replication - Question 5
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Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA primers during DNA replication?
Detailed Solution for Test: DNA Replication - Question 5
DNA Primase is the enzyme that synthesizes RNA primers during DNA replication.
These primers are essential for initiating DNA synthesis, as DNA polymerases require a free 3’ hydroxyl group to begin adding nucleotides.
Test: DNA Replication - Question 6
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What is the role of DNA Ligase in DNA replication?
Detailed Solution for Test: DNA Replication - Question 6
DNA Ligase plays a crucial role in sealing the gaps between Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication.
This enzyme ensures the continuity of the DNA strand by forming phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides.
Test: DNA Replication - Question 7
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What is the direction of DNA strand synthesis during replication?
Detailed Solution for Test: DNA Replication - Question 7
DNA strands are synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
This means that nucleotides are added to the growing strand at the 3’ end, which is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the DNA structure and function.
Test: DNA Replication - Question 8
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Which of the following enzymes is primarily responsible for the continuous synthesis of the leading strand in prokaryotes?
Detailed Solution for Test: DNA Replication - Question 8
DNA Polymerase III is primarily responsible for the continuous synthesis of the leading strand in prokaryotes.
This enzyme has high processivity, allowing it to add nucleotides quickly and efficiently during replication.
Test: DNA Replication - Question 9
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What are Okazaki fragments?
Detailed Solution for Test: DNA Replication - Question 9
Okazaki fragments are short segments of newly synthesized DNA on the lagging strand during DNA replication.
These fragments are synthesized discontinuously and later joined together by DNA ligase to form a complete DNA strand.
Test: DNA Replication - Question 10
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Which protein prevents the re-annealing of DNA strands during replication?
Detailed Solution for Test: DNA Replication - Question 10
Single Strand Binding (SSB) Protein prevents the re-annealing of separated DNA strands during replication.
By binding to single-stranded DNA, SSB proteins stabilize the strands and keep them apart for effective replication to occur.
Test: DNA Replication - Question 11
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What is the primary function of telomerase?
Detailed Solution for Test: DNA Replication - Question 11
The primary function of telomerase is to prevent DNA from shortening during cell division.
This enzyme adds repetitive nucleotide sequences to the ends of chromosomes (telomeres), thus preserving the genetic information from being lost during replication.
Test: DNA Replication - Question 12
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Which type of DNA polymerase is primarily responsible for mitochondrial DNA synthesis?
Detailed Solution for Test: DNA Replication - Question 12
DNA Polymerase γ is primarily responsible for synthesizing mitochondrial DNA.
This enzyme is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the mitochondrial genome, which is essential for cellular energy production.
Test: DNA Replication - Question 13
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What happens to the RNA primers after DNA synthesis in prokaryotes?
Detailed Solution for Test: DNA Replication - Question 13
In prokaryotes, RNA primers are removed and replaced with DNA after DNA synthesis is complete.
DNA Polymerase I plays a key role in this process by removing the RNA primers and filling in the gaps with DNA nucleotides.
Test: DNA Replication - Question 14
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What is the function of topoisomerases during DNA replication?
Detailed Solution for Test: DNA Replication - Question 14
Topoisomerases relieve torsional strain that results from the unwinding of DNA by helicase.
By making temporary cuts in the DNA strands, these enzymes help prevent supercoiling, allowing replication to proceed smoothly.
Test: DNA Replication - Question 15
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Which type of DNA repair mechanism involves the removal of damaged bases and replacement with correct ones?
Detailed Solution for Test: DNA Replication - Question 15
Base Excision Repair (BER) involves the removal of damaged bases and their replacement with the correct ones.
This repair mechanism is critical for correcting small, non-helix-distorting base lesions, maintaining the overall integrity of the DNA.
Test: DNA Replication - Question 16
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What is the consequence of telomere shortening in somatic cells?
Detailed Solution for Test: DNA Replication - Question 16
Telomere shortening in somatic cells is associated with cellular aging.
As telomeres shorten with each cell division, the ability of cells to divide diminishes, leading to senescence and contributing to the aging process.
Test: DNA Replication - Question 17
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the proofreading ability of DNA polymerases?
Detailed Solution for Test: DNA Replication - Question 17
All DNA polymerases possess proofreading activity, which is essential for maintaining the fidelity of DNA replication.
This activity allows for the identification and correction of errors, significantly reducing the mutation rate during DNA synthesis.
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