31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Health & Disease - 2 - NEET MCQ

Widal test is carried out to test typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhii bacteria. Typhoid vaccine is available.

The primary and secondary immune responses are carried out with the help of two special types of lymphocytes present in our blood, ie, B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes. The B-lymphocytes produce an array (a range) of proteins in response to pathogens into our blood to fight with them. These proteins are called antibodies. The T-cells themselves do not secrete antibodies but help B-cells to produce them.

Common cold is due to rhinovir us. Recent studies found that antibiotics do not kill this virus.

ELISA is an fundamental tool of clinical immunology and is used as an initial screen for HIV detection.

When HIV replicates rapidly in helper T-lymphocytes and damages large number of these cells, at this stage infected persons start showing symptoms of AIDS.

Sporozoites of malarial parasite are found in saliva of infected female Anopheles mosquito.

AIdS (Acquired Immune deficiency Syndrome) is caused by HIV retrovirus. The virus destroys the helper T lymphocytes thus reducing their numbers.

Morphine is potent opioid analgesic that is often given to persons (who have undergone surgery) as a pain killer. It is mainly used to relieve severe and persistent pain. It is administrated by mouth, injection or suppositories.

Antihistamines are drugs which are used to treat allergic rhinitis and other allergies. Antihistamines can give relief when a person has nasal congestion, sneezing, or hives because of pollen, dust mites, or animal allergy. Histamine is mostly responsible for allergic reactions. Antihistamines block the action of histamines.
A steroid is a biologically active organic compound. Steroids such as corticosteroids are used in the treatment of allergic reactions by reducing inflammation associated with allergies. They prevent and treat nasal stuffiness, sneezing, and itchy, runny nose due to seasonal or year-round allergies. They can also decrease inflammation and swelling from other types of allergic reactions.
So, the correct answer is 'Allergy'.

Malignant tumours may exhibit metastasis. Cancer (medical term: malignant neoplasm) is a class of diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled growth (division beyond the normal limits), invasion (intrusion on and destruction of adjacent tissues), and sometimes metastasis spread to other locations in the body via lymph or blood.

Common Cold, AIDS is a pair of viral diseases. Viruses are a very common type of infectious disease. Viruses are the smallest life-form existing, since they are not even a single cell. It is almost like they are not alive at all. They are small strands of DNA-like cell material. A virus consists mostly of RNA and cannot survive without host cells.

The letter T in T-lymphocyte refers to thymus. In human anatomy, the thymus is an organ located in the upper anterior portion of the chest cavity just behind the sternum. The thymus gland is a pink-grey organ that lies underneath the top of the breast bone.

Tetanus vaccine, also known as tetanus toxoid (TT), is an inactive vaccine used to prevent tetanus. A person likely to develop tetanus is immunised by giving pre-formed antibodies and it produces passive immunity. In passive immunity, the antibodies are produced in some other animals in response to given antigen. These pre-formed antibodies are then injected into the humans at the time of need or emergency.

The saliva in the mouth and the tears from the eyes belongs to physiological barriers.

Physiological barriers to the entry of microorganisms in the human body are tears in eyes, saliva in mouth and HCl in the stomach.The enzymes lysozymes are found in tears and saliva and inhibit the synthesis of peptidoglycan present in the cell wall of microorganisms especially eubacteria.