Test: Human Health & Disease - 1 - NEET MCQ

Plasmodium completes their life cycle in two hosts, female anopheles and human beings. The motile zygote of plasmodium occurs in gut of female anopheles, which get transferred to human being during mosquito bite.

Topic in NCERT: Fertilization and development take place in the mosquito's gut.

Line in NCERT: "Fertilization and development take place in the mosquito's gut."

• Typhoid fever in the human being is caused by Salmonella typhi.
• The pathogen enters the small intestine through food and contaminated water and migrates to other organs through blood

This illustration depicts a photomicrograph of Salmonella typhi bacteria:

Topic in NCERT: Pathogenic organisms are discussed here alongwith the diseases caused

Line in NCERT: "Salmonella typhi is a pathogenic bacterium which causes typhoid fever in human beings."

• Entamoeba histolytica causes Amoebic Dysentery or Amoebiasis in the large intestine of humans.
• Its symptoms include constipation, abdominal pain, cramps and stools with excess mucus and blood clots.

Topic in NCERT: Entamoeba histolytica in the large intestine

Line in NCERT: "Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite in the large intestine of human which causes amoebiasis (amoebic dysentery)."

Memory cells are formed in lymphocytes of WBC. Immunization against the particular disease based on the function of memory cell induced due to mild, heat killed pathogen administrated during immunization.

Topic in NCERT: Lymphoid organs

Line in NCERT: "Lymphoid organs: These are the organs where origin and/or maturation and proliferation of lymphocytes occur."

• Physiological barriers to the entry of microorganisms into the human body are tears in the eyes, saliva in the mouth and HCl in the stomach.
• The enzymes lysozymes are found in tears and saliva and inhibit the synthesis of peptidoglycan present in the cell wall of microorganisms especially eubacteria.
• Disease-causing microorganism enters through different routes into the body. The physiological barrier prevents their entry. Tears act as a physiological barrier for entry of pathogen.

Topic in NCERT: Innate immunity

Line in NCERT: "Skin on our body is the main barrier which prevents entry of the micro-organisms."

AIDS is caused by Human immunodeficiency virus of member of group of virus called retrovirus. It is a type of RNA virus that inserts a copy of its genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of that cell.

Topic in NCERT: Retrovirus

Line in NCERT: "AIDS is caused by the Human Immuno deficiency Virus (HIV), a member of a group of viruses called retrovirus."

AIDS day is celebrated on December 1 all over the world. Its aim is to create awareness about this dreaded disease.

AIDS can be transmitted from infected person to healthy person through blood transfusion. The most common way of transmission of AIDS is during sexual intercourse with multiple partners without protection.

Topic in NCERT: Transmission of HIV infection

Line in NCERT: "Transmission of HIV-infection generally occurs by (a) sexual contact with infected person, (b) by transfusion of contaminated blood and blood products, (c) by sharing infected needles as in the case of intravenous drug abusers and (d) from infected mother to her child through placenta."

Cancer cells divide rapidly and hence they are said to be more active with a less prominent nucleus and low-density cytoplasm.

Hence, they get destroyed easily by laser treatment. Moreover, the form lumb in a certain place which can be easily distinguished by the doctors.

Topic in NCERT: Cancer cell characteristics

Line in NCERT: "These cells grow very rapidly, invading and damaging the surrounding normal tissues."

Opioids are the drugs which bind to specific opioid receptors present in our central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract.

Topic in NCERT: Opioids

Line in NCERT: "Opioids are the drugs, which bind to specific opioid receptors present in our central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract."

Cirrhosis of liver is caused by the chronic intake of alcohol. Regular consumption of alcohol damages the liver cells. Cirrhosis of liver is a serious condition when normal liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue.

Topic in NCERT: Drugs and alcohol abuse

Line in NCERT: "The chronic use of drugs and alcohol damages nervous system and liver (cirrhosis)."

Heroine or smack is chemically diacetylmorphine which is a white, odourless, bitter crystalline compound.

Topic in NCERT: Heroin composition

Line in NCERT: "Heroin (Figure 7.7), commonly called smack is chemically diacetylmorphine which is a white, odourless, bitter crystalline compound."

Marijuana, hashish, charas, and ganja contain chemicals called cannabinoids. They are generally, taken as inhalation or oral ingestion to effects cardiovascular system of the body.

Topic in NCERT: cannabinoids

Line in NCERT: "Cannabinoids are obtained from the inflorescences of the plant Cannabis sativa."

Amphetamines is kind of drug which is used as stimulant. It is a strong CNS stimulant that is used in the treatment of ADHD. Lysergic acid dimethyl amide is not a narcotic and heroin is not a psychotropic agent.

NCERT Topic: Drugs and alcohol abuse

NCERT Line: "Drugs like barbiturates, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, and other similar drugs, that are normally used as medicines to help patients cope with mental illnesses like depression and insomnia, are often abused."

A. Invasiveness of a pathogen is its ability to gain entry into a host and grow.

B. Toxigenicity is the power of a pathogen to form toxins capable of damaging host cells.

C. Virulence is the ability of a pathogen to produce disease.

D. Co-operation is a property not exhibited by a pathogen.

Hence, the correct answer is option D: Co-operation