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CBSE Class 10  >  Class 10 Test  >  Science   >  Heredity -2 - Class 10 MCQ

Heredity -2 - Class 10 MCQ


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10 Questions MCQ Test Science Class 10 - Heredity -2

Heredity -2 for Class 10 2026 is part of Science Class 10 preparation. The Heredity -2 questions and answers have been prepared according to the Class 10 exam syllabus.The Heredity -2 MCQs are made for Class 10 2026 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Heredity -2 below.
Solutions of Heredity -2 questions in English are available as part of our Science Class 10 for Class 10 & Heredity -2 solutions in Hindi for Science Class 10 course. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for Class 10 Exam by signing up for free. Attempt Heredity -2 | 10 questions in 10 minutes | Mock test for Class 10 preparation | Free important questions MCQ to study Science Class 10 for Class 10 Exam | Download free PDF with solutions
Heredity -2 - Question 1
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Which type of reproduction leads to more variations in offspring?

Detailed Solution for Heredity -2 - Question 1

Sexual Reproduction:

Involves the combination of genetic material from two parents.
Each parent contributes half of the genetic material, resulting in offspring with a unique mix of genes.
This genetic recombination increases variation and diversity among offspring.

Asexual Reproduction:

Involves a single parent and produces genetically identical offspring, known as clones.
Does not lead to genetic variation apart from occasional mutations.
More genetic variation occurs through sexual reproduction, making it the correct answer.
Heredity -2 - Question 2
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What is heredity?

Detailed Solution for Heredity -2 - Question 2
Heredity refers to the transfer of genetic characteristics from parents to their offspring.
This process occurs through genes, which are units of heredity located on chromosomes.
Offspring inherit these genes during reproduction, receiving a mix from both parents.
Heredity is responsible for traits such as eye color, hair type, and even certain behaviors or susceptibilities to diseases.
This transfer ensures continuity of genetic information across generations, enabling species to adapt and evolve over time.
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Heredity -2 - Question 3
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What determines the traits of an organism?

Detailed Solution for Heredity -2 - Question 3

Genes passed down from the parents:

Genes are parts of DNA that contain instructions for how an organism develops and functions.
They encode proteins that determine traits, affecting the organism's structure and processes.
Traits like eye colour, blood type, and some inherited diseases are influenced by genetic information.
Inheritance follows Mendelian genetics, where traits are passed from parents to offspring through alleles.
Heredity -2 - Question 4
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What is Mendel's contribution to the study of heredity?

Detailed Solution for Heredity -2 - Question 4
Gregor Mendel is known as the father of genetics.
He conducted experiments with pea plants.
He discovered that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units, now known as genes.
Mendel identified dominant and recessive traits.
Dominant traits mask recessive traits in offspring when both are present.
Mendel's work laid the foundation for understanding inheritance patterns.
His principles: Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment are fundamental to genetics.
Heredity -2 - Question 5
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What is the phenotypic ratio in Mendel’s F2 generation for a single trait?

Detailed Solution for Heredity -2 - Question 5
Gregor Mendel, known as the father of genetics, studied the inheritance of traits in pea plants.
He observed that when crossing two heterozygous parents (F1 generation) for a single trait, the F2 generation showed a 3:1 phenotypic ratio.
This means 3 offspring displayed the dominant trait, while 1 displayed the recessive.
This ratio results from the combination of alleles: 1 homozygous dominant (AA), 2 heterozygous (Aa), and 1 homozygous recessive (aa).
Heredity -2 - Question 6
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What is the main mechanism of sex determination in humans?

Detailed Solution for Heredity -2 - Question 6
Chromosomes from Parents: Human sex determination is based on the chromosomes inherited from parents. Each parent contributes one sex chromosome.
Chromosome Pairs: Females have two X chromosomes (XX), while males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY).
Role of Y Chromosome: The presence of a Y chromosome determines male development because it carries the SRY gene, which triggers male characteristics.
Genetic Basis: The combination of these chromosomes at fertilization determines the sex of the offspring.
Heredity -2 - Question 7
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What is the genotypic ratio in Mendel's F2 generation for a single trait?

Detailed Solution for Heredity -2 - Question 7

In Mendel's experiments, the F2 generation for a single trait resulted from crossing two F1 heterozygous individuals (e.g., Tt x Tt). The genotypic ratio for the F2 generation is: - 1:2:1
This ratio represents:
- 1 homozygous dominant (TT)
- 2 heterozygous (Tt)
- 1 homozygous recessive (tt)
This occurs due to the combination of alleles, where each parent contributes one allele, resulting in the possible combinations of TT, Tt, and tt.

Heredity -2 - Question 8
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In Mendel’s pea plant experiments, which trait was found to be dominant?

Detailed Solution for Heredity -2 - Question 8
Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants established foundational principles of inheritance.
He focused on traits like seed shape, seed color, and plant height.
Mendel discovered that certain traits were dominant and others were recessive.
In his experiments, the round seed shape consistently appeared in the F1 generation when crossing pure-bred round and wrinkled seeds.
Thus, the round seed shape is dominant, while the wrinkled seed shape is recessive.
Therefore, B: Round seed shape is the correct answer.
Heredity -2 - Question 9
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How do variations occur during reproduction?

Detailed Solution for Heredity -2 - Question 9

Variations during reproduction primarily occur through:

Genetic Recombination: During sexual reproduction, chromosomes from both parents exchange genetic material, creating unique combinations in offspring.
Mutations: Random changes in the DNA sequence can lead to new traits, introducing variations across generations.

These processes ensure diversity within a species, aiding in adaptation and survival. Genetic inheritance alone does not account for new variations, making option B the correct answer.

Heredity -2 - Question 10
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Which of the following is true about sex chromosomes in humans?

Detailed Solution for Heredity -2 - Question 10
Sex Chromosomes in Humans: Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, with one pair being the sex chromosomes.
Female Chromosomes: Females have two X chromosomes, represented as XX. This combination does not contain a Y chromosome.
Male Chromosomes: Males have one X and one Y chromosome, represented as XY. This combination determines male characteristics.
Sex Determination: The presence of the Y chromosome is crucial for male development, making sex chromosomes essential for sex determination in humans.
Thus, option C is correct.
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