Test: Cell: The Unit of Life - 1 - NEET MCQ

All living organisms are composed of cells and products of cells.all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

The shapes of bacteria are bacillus (rod like), coccus (spherical), vibrio (comma shaped) and spirillum (spiral).

Mitochondria are double membranous structure. The inner membrane of mitochondria thrown into folds to form finger-like structureis called cristae.

Rudolf Virchow(1855) first explained that cells divided and new cells are formed .

Ribosomes are granules formed of rRNA and protein. Ribosome provide space for protein synthesis during translation.

Anton Von Leeuwenhoek first saw and described a live cell.

Reserve material in prokaryotic cells are stored in the cytoplasm in the form of inclusion bodies.

The staining procedure developed by Gram viz., those that take up the gram stain are gram positiveand the others that do not are called gram negative bacteria.

The cytoskeleton in a cell is involved in functions like mechanical support, motility, maintenance of the shape of the cell.

The cytoskeleton of a cell is made up of microtubules, actin filaments,and intermediate filaments. These structures give the cell its shape and help organize the cell’s parts. They also provide a basis for movement and cell division

Tubulin is a protein superfamily of globular proteins, or one of the member proteins of that superfamily. Microtubules are tubular cytoskeletal elements polymerized from alpha and beta tubulin heterodimers. The doublet microtubule is a microtubule from uniquely seen in flagella and cilia.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) differ from rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in absence of ribosome on the surface of endoplasmic reticulum.

Mitochondria are the sites of aerobic respiration. They producecellular energy in the form of ATP

Mitochondria is the largest cell organelles in animal cell and chloroplast is the largest cell organelles in plant cell.

Mitochondria contain cristae, finger like projection of inner layer, thylakoid is present in chloroplast and lysosome is a digestive enzyme but RNA is absent in Chromosome.

Cilia present in prokaryotic organisms consist of microtubules. These microtubules are arranged in 9+2 order in which 2 forms the center and 9 are arranged at periphery.

Golgi apparatus is the important site of formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids.

Lysosomes are single membrane structures containing enzymes for digestion of all types of macromolecules.

A cell membrane shows fluid behavior due to mosaic of lipid and proteins. Fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane is most accepted and recent model.

Mitochondria are present in both plant as well as animal cells. Plastids and central vacuoles are present in plant cells and centrioles are present in only animal cells.

The cell membrane is made up of lipid bilayer which has different components like phospholipids, glycolipids and cholesterol. Proline is an alpha amino acid used in protein synthesis and is a major constituent of collagen.

The leucoplasts are the colourless plastids of varied shapes and sizes with stored nutrients. Leucoplast includes: a) Amyloplasts storing carbohydrates. b) Elaioplastsstoring oils and fats and c) Aleuroplasts storing proteins.

In plant cells, the chloroplasts are responsible for trapping light energy essential for photosynthesis. The grana, in the plastid, is the site of light reactions.

Chloroplasts play a crucial role in plants by trapping light energy essential for photosynthesis. This process is facilitated by chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments present in the chloroplasts. During photosynthesis, plants convert light energy into chemical energy, which is used to synthesize carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water. This conversion of light energy into chemical energy is fundamental for the survival of plants and many other organisms on Earth.

Leucoplasts are involved in storing oils and fats, carbohydrates (starch), and proteins in plant cells. They can differentiate into various types depending on what they store: amyloplasts (storing starch), elaioplasts (storing oils), and proteinoplasts (storing proteins).