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Test: The DNA (NCERT) - NEET MCQ


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15 Questions MCQ Test Biology Class 12 - Test: The DNA (NCERT)

Test: The DNA (NCERT) for NEET 2024 is part of Biology Class 12 preparation. The Test: The DNA (NCERT) questions and answers have been prepared according to the NEET exam syllabus.The Test: The DNA (NCERT) MCQs are made for NEET 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Test: The DNA (NCERT) below.
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Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 1

Which of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?

Detailed Solution for Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 1

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is an acidic biomolecule.

Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 2

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given :
Given figure represents the DNA double helix model is proposed by Watson and Crick (1953). Select the option that shows correct measurements of A, B and C.
image

Detailed Solution for Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 2

The DNA helix makes one complete spiral turn every 3.4 nm and has a diameter of 2nm. The distance between adjacent stacks is 0.34 nm.

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Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 3

Refer the given figure of nucleosome and select the option that correctly identifies the parts A, B and C.

Detailed Solution for Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 3

In eukaryotes, DNA organisation is complex. There is a set of positively changed, basic porteins called histones. Histones are rich in the basic amino acid residues lysine and arginine. There are five types of histone proteins-H1,H2A,H2B,Hand H4. Four of them (H2A,H2B,Hand H4) produce histone octamer called nu body or core of nucleosome . The negatively charged DNA is wrapped around the positively charged histone octamer to form nucleosome. DNA connecting two adjacent nucleosomes is called linker DNA which bears H1 histone proteins.

Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 4

If a double stranded DNA has 20% of cytosines, calculate the percent of adenine in the DNA.

Detailed Solution for Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 4

In a DNA molecule, the number of cytosine molecules is equal to guanine molecules and the number of adenine molecules are equal to Thymine molecules. Thus, If a double stranded DNA has 20% of cytosine, it has 20% of guanine. Thus, cytosine plus guanine make 40% of the total bases. The remaining 60% includes both adenine and thymine which are in equal amounts. Therefore, the percent of adenine is 30%.

Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 5

How is the long DNA polymer packaged in a prokaryotic cell like E. coli?

Detailed Solution for Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 5

In prokaryotes, the DNA is not scattered throughout the cell but is held with proteins in a region termed as 'nucleoid'.

Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 6

If the sequence of bases in one strand of DNA is ATGCATGCA, what would be the sequence of bases on complementary strands?

Detailed Solution for Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 6

Adenine always pairs with thymine and cytosine always pairs with guanine. Thus, sequence of bases on complementary strand would be TACGTACGT.

Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 7

Read the following statements and select the Correct option.
(i) Loosely packed and lightly stained region of chromatin are called as heterochrormatin.
(ii) Densely packed and dark stained region of chromatin are called as euchromatin.
(iii) A typical nucleosome contains 200 bp of DNA helix.

Detailed Solution for Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 7

A typical nudeosome contains 200bp of DNA helix. Nudeosomes constitute the repeating unit of a structure in nucleus called chromatin. Chromatin is held over a scaffold of non-histone chromosomal (or NHC) proteins. At some places chromatin is densely packed to form darkly stainined heterochromatin. At other places chromatin is loosely packed. It is called euchromatin. It is transcriptionally active chromatin whereas heterochromatin is transcriptionally inactive and late replicating or heteropycnotic.

Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 8

Chemically, RNA is (i) reactive and (ii) stable as compared to DNA.

Detailed Solution for Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 8

2OH group present in ribose sugar of every nucleaotide of RNA is a reactive group. Uracil present in RNA is less stable as compared to thymine (= methyl uracil) of DNA. Being unstable, RNA mutates at a much faster rate and there is no repairing system.Consequently, viruses having RNA genome and having shorter life span mutate and evolve faster.

Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 9

In a DNA strand,the complementary base pairs are linked togther by?

Detailed Solution for Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 9

In a DNA strand, the complementary based are linked together by hydrogen bond

Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 10

Which of the following statements is true regarding the hydrogen bonds in DNA base pairing?

Detailed Solution for Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 10

In the DNA double helix, adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) through two hydrogen bonds, and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C) through three hydrogen bonds. These hydrogen bonds are crucial for maintaining the specific pairing between bases, ensuring that the two strands of DNA are held together in a stable and specific manner, thus contributing to the stability of the helical structure and the accurate preservation and replication of genetic information

Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 11

Which of the following components is NOT part of a nucleotide?

Detailed Solution for Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 11

A nucleotide is composed of three components: a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar (ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA), and a phosphate group. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are not components of nucleotides.

Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 12

What type of linkage connects a nitrogenous base to the pentose sugar in a nucleotide?

Detailed Solution for Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 12

A nitrogenous base is linked to the OH group of the 1' carbon of the pentose sugar through an N-glycosidic linkage, forming a nucleoside. When a phosphate group is added to the 5' carbon of this nucleoside, a nucleotide is formed.

Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 13

Which of the following nitrogenous bases is found exclusively in RNA and not in DNA?

Detailed Solution for Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 13

Uracil is found in RNA in place of thymine, which is present in DNA. Cytosine is common to both DNA and RNA, while adenine and guanine are also present in both DNA and RNA.

Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 14

Which nitrogenous bases are categorized as purines?

Detailed Solution for Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 14

Purines are a category of nitrogenous bases that include adenine and guanine. The other bases listed (cytosine, thymine, and uracil) are pyrimidines.

Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 15

Which type of linkage connects the phosphate group to the pentose sugar in a nucleotide?

Detailed Solution for Test: The DNA (NCERT) - Question 15

The phosphate group is linked to the 5'C of the pentose sugar through a phosphodiester linkage.

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