UGC NET Environmental Science Mock - 4 - UGC NET MCQ

Photochemical smog is a mixture of pollutants that are formed by the reaction of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with sunlight. It occurs more often in summer.

• Aquatic ecosystem are the one which consisting of water as the main habitat.

• They are classified based on salt content into:

  • Fresh water ecosystem
  • Marine ecosystem
  • Brackish water ecosystem

• Sunlight and Oxygen are the important limiting factors of the aquatic ecosystem.

The book Great Derangement was written by Amitav Ghosh.

The book India’s Climate Change Identity: Between Reality and Perception was written by Aled Jones and Samir Saran.

The book Climate Solution was written by Mridula Ramesh.

The book Climate Change: An Indian Perspective was written by Sushil Kumar Dash.

IUCN observed pragmatic solutions to environment which focus on saving and conserving nature using nature based solutions to global challenges such as climate, food and development. IUCN supports scientific research which takes care of field projects by bringing NGOs, UN and Companies closer to design policies and laws, so this makes statement 2 correct.

Statement 1 is incorrect as IUCN is not an organ of United Nations which has observer and consultative status of United Nations. CITES is Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora serves as international agreement between governments to make sure about international trade specimens of wild animals and plants, hence statement 3 is correct. With this, since both statements 2 and 3 are correct, so option B is correct.

As non-carbonate hardness is present therefore Carbonate hardness will be equal to alkalinity.

∴ Carbonate hardness = 140 mg/L

Lime requirement-

i). For CO₂-

CO₂ + CaO + H₂O à CaCO₃ + H₂O

44 56

è 44 mg of CO₂ needs = 56 mg of Lime.

∴ 22 mg of CO₂ needs =  mg of lime

= 28

∴ Lime requirement for CO₂ =28 mg/L

ii) For carbonate hardness

100 mg/L of CaCO₃ needs = 56 mg/L of Lime

∴ 140 mg/L of CaCO₃ needs =  of Lime

= 78.4 mg/L of Lime

∴ Lime requirement for carbonate hardness = 78.4 mg/L

iii) For non-carbonate hardness

100 mg/L of CaCO₃ needs = 56 mg/L of Lime

∴ 25 mg/L of CaCO₃ needs = mg/L of Lime

= 14 mg/L of lime

Lime requirement for non-carbonate hardness = 14 mg/L

∴ Total Lime requirement = 28 + 78.4 + 14 = 120.4 mg/L

Hence, The correct answer is A.

A. Rapid sand filter- Hydraulic loading rate

B. Flocculator- Velocity gradient

C. Ion exchange-Exhaust of bed

D. Plain sedimentation- Settling velocity

Hence, The correct answer is A.

In the process of conducting research 'formulation of hypothesis' is followed by selection of research tools.

Hence, The correct answer is C.

They are always free of cost

Hence, The correct answer is D.

The Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) is an attempt to measure the quality of life or well-being of a country. The value is the average of three statistics: basic literacy rate, infant mortality, and life expectancy at age one, all equally weighted on a 0 to 100 scale.

Hence option A is correct.

Pollution is any undesirable change in the physical, chemical or biological characteristics of air, water or land. Pollution can harm the health and threaten the survival or activities of human beings and other living organisms.

Hence option C is correct.

Renewable energy resources are mostly based on biomass.

Biomass, a renewable energy source derived from organic matter such as wood, crop waste, or garbage, makes up 4.8 percent of total U.S. energy consumption and about 12 percent of all U.S. renewable energy.

Hence option A is correct.

A biodegradable plastic developed by Biopak Corporation Australia is Biopol.

Biopol. Biopol is a biodegradable polymer that can be broken down by bacteria in soil. By producing food packaging and plastic bottles made of biopol instead of conventional plastics, concerns over waste management can be answered.

Hence option A is correct.

As per the Nagoya Protocol the Contracting Parties are to cooperate in cases of alleged violation of another contracting party’s requirements. Contraction parties should take measures to monitor the utilization of genetic resources after they leave a country.

Hence option C is correct.

At middle latitudes, the base of an altostratus or altocumulus cloud would generally be found between: 6,500 and 23,000 feet.

Hence option B is correct.

International Day for Biological Diversity is celebrated on 22 May. “Our solutions are in nature” was the theme of the International Day of Biological Diversity (IDB) 2020. The day is celebrated to increase understanding and awareness of biodiversity issues.

Hence option A is correct.

The Kyoto Protocol (COP 3) was adopted on 11 December 1997 in Kyoto, Japan. It entered into force on 16 February 2005 due to a complex ratification process. It sets binding emissions targets.

Hence option B is correct.

This Humid montane region covers the humid montane and moist sub-humid areas of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Assam, and Manipur. Themeda – Arundinella type of grassland is found here.

Hence option C is the correct answer.

Animal dung is biodegradable waste. Animal dung contains hydrocarbons, which can be broken down into simpler organic molecules, such as methane, hydrogen, water and oxygen.

Hence option A is the correct answer.

Normal" rainfall is slightly acidic because of the presence of dissolved carbonic acid.

Hence option B is the correct answer.

In-situ conservation is the on-site conservation or the conservation of genetic resources in natural populations of plant or animal species, such as forest genetic resources in natural populations of Teagan species. This process protects the inhabitants and ensures the sustainability of the environment and ecosystem.

Hence option A is the correct answer.

UVB rays, which affect skin's top layer, cause skin cancer and most sunburns. Although UVA and UVB rays pose the greatest risk for sun damage, people who work with welding torches or mercury lamps may be exposed to UVC rays, the most dangerous type of UV radiation.

Hence option A is the correct answer.

The term ecosystem was first used by A.G. Tansley in the year 1935. He defined ecosystem as ‘a particular category of physical systems, consisting of organisms and inorganic components in a relatively stable equilibrium, open and of various sizes and kinds’.

Hence option B is the correct answer.

[Forests provide macro climate]
The following are the importance of Forests:
Forests keep up the natural balance.

• Forests purify the air
• Forests provide micro-climate
• Forests indirectly play a role in precipitation
• Forests prevent floods
• Forests prevent soil erosion. etc

Hence option C is the correct answer.

In terms of potential biological effects, the non-ionizing portion of the spectrum can be subdivided into: The optical radiation portion, where electron excitation can occur (visible light, infrared light) The portion where the wavelength is smaller than the body. Heating via induced currents can occur.

Hence option C is the correct answer.

Biomass pyramids show how much biomass (the amount of living or organic matter present in an organism) is present in the organisms at each trophic level, while productivity pyramids show the procreation or turnover in biomass.

Hence. The correct answer is D.

In 1994, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed 16 September the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer, commemorating the date of the signing, in 1987, of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.

Hence. The correct answer is C.

Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting. Meteorological phenomena are observable weather events which illuminate and are explained by the science of meteorology. Those events are bound by the variables that exist in Earth's atmosphere.

Hence. The correct answer is C.

Adored around the world, the distinctive black and white animal is a national treasure in China and has been the symbol of WWF since its formation in 1961. While its numbers are slowly increasing, the giant panda remains one of the rarest and most endangered bears in the world.

Hence. The correct answer is B.

Approximately, 50% of total world species are present on tropical rain forest.

Hence. The correct answer is A.