Daily Current Affairs MCQ - January 20, 2022 - CLAT MCQ

National Commission for Protection of Child Rights

• NCPCR is a statutory body set up in March 2007 under the Commissions for Protection of Child Rights (CPCR) Act, 2005.
• It is under the administrative control of the Ministry of Women & Child Development. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• The Commission's mandate is to ensure that all laws, policies, programmes, and administrative mechanisms are in consonance with the child rights perspective as enshrined in the Constitution of India and also the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.
• It inquires into complaints relating to a child's right to free and compulsory education under the Right to Education Act, 2009. Hence statement 2 is correct.
• It monitors the implementation of Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012.

• The Election Commission of India (ECI) is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering Union and State election processes in India.
  • The body administers elections to the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, and State Legislative Assemblies in India, and the offices of the President and Vice President in the country.
• Part XV of the Indian constitution deals with elections, and establishes a commission for these matters. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
  • The Election Commission was established in accordance with the Constitution on 25th January 1950.
  • Article 324 to 329 of the constitution deals with powers, function, tenure, eligibility, etc of the commission and the members.
• Originally the commission had only one election commissioner but after the Election Commissioner Amendment Act 1989, it has been made a multi-member body. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• The commission consists of one Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners appointed by the President of India.
• They have a fixed tenure of six years, or up to the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier.
  • The Chief Election Commissioner can be removed from office only through a process of removal similar to that of a Supreme Court judge by Parliament. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

• Guru Ravidas was a mystic poet saint of the Bhakti Movement from the 15^th and 16^th centuries, and founded the Ravidassia religion. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
  • He gained prominence due to his belief in one God and his unbiased religious poems and dedicated his whole life to the abolition of the caste system and openly despised the notion of a Brahminical society.
  • His devotional songs made an instant impact on the Bhakti Movement and around 41 of his poems were included in ‘Guru Granth Sahib’, the religious text of the Sikhs.
• The Ravidassias are a Dalit community and Dera Sachkhand Ballan is their largest dera with 20 lakh followers worldwide (founded in the early 20th century by Baba Sant Pipal Das).
  • Once closely connected with Sikhism, the dera severed these decades-old ties in 2010, and announced they would follow the Ravidassia religion.
  • From 2010, the Dera Sachkhand Ballan started replacing the Guru Granth Sahib with its own Granth, Amritbani, carrying 200 hymns of Guru Ravidas, in Ravidassia temples and gurdwaras. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

• Technical textiles are functional fabrics that have applications across various industries including automobiles, civil engineering and construction, agriculture, healthcare, industrial safety, personal protection etc.
  • Technical Textile products derive their demand from development and industrialization in a country.
• Scenario of Technical Textile:
  • The growth of technical textiles in India has gained momentum in the past five years, currently growing at an 8% per annum rate.
    • It is aimed to hasten this growth to 15-20% range during the next five years.
  • The current world market is USD 250 billion and India’s share in it is USD 19 billion.
  • India is an aspiring player with USD 40 billion in this market (8% Share).
    • The biggest players are the USA, western Europe, China and Japan (20-40% share). Hence, statement 3 is not correct.
• Initiatives Related to Technical Textile:
  • Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme for Textiles Sector: It aims to promote the production of high value Man-Made Fiber (MMF) fabrics, garments and technical textiles.
  • Harmonized System of Nomenclature (HSN) Codes for Technical Textile: In 2019, 100% FDI under Automatic Route: The Government of India allows 100% Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) under automatic route. International technical textile manufacturers such as Ahlstrom, Johnson & Johnson etc have already initiated operations in India. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
  • Technotex India: It is a flagship event organized by the Ministry of Textiles, in collaboration with Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI) and comprises exhibitions, conferences and seminars with participation of stakeholders from across the global technical textile value chain. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
  • Amended Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme: To improve exports and indirectly promote investments in textile machinery.

• Features of 5G Technology:
  • Millimeter wave spectrum: The 5G networks will operate in the millimetre wave spectrum (30-300 GHz) which have the advantage of sending large amounts of data at very high speeds because the frequency is so high, it experiences little interference from surrounding signals. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
  • Upgraded LTE: 5G is the latest upgrade in the long-term evolution (LTE) mobile broadband networks. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
  • Internet speed: In the high-band spectrum of 5G, internet speeds have been tested to be as high as 20 Gbps (gigabits per second) as compared to the maximum internet data speed in 4G recorded at 1 Gbps.
    • 5G network speeds should have a peak data rate of 20 Gb/s for the downlink and 10 Gb/s for the uplink. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

• La Nina, the “cool phase” of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), is a pattern that describes the unusual cooling of the tropical eastern Pacific. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
  • La Nina events may last between one and three years, unlike El Nino, which usually lasts no more than a year.
• Effects of La Nina:
  • Effects of La Nina kept world temperatures lower.
    • La Niña is a weather pattern that happens in the Pacific Ocean but affects weather around the world.
    • A La Niña event happens when ocean surface waters cool along the Pacific coast of the South American tropics. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

At a consultation organised by the National Commission for Women on amendments to criminal law, there was unanimity among speakers that marital rape should be criminalised.

• After the discussions, The NCW will send the recommendations to the Ministry of Home Affairs, which is looking at a review of the criminal laws, including the Indian Penal Code, 1860, the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 and the Indian Evidence Act, 1872.
• The meeting comes at a time the Delhi High Court is hearing multiple petitions on making marital rape an offence and the Centre has sought more time to present its stand.
• The petitions have sought striking down the exception to Section 375 of the IPC, which says forcible sexual intercourse or sexual acts by a man with his own wife, the wife not being 18 years, is not rape.
• The meeting also discussed the interpretation of consent. There should be a broader understanding of when consent stands vitiated.

Other issues

• On the issue of age of marriage being raised for women to 21 years to make it equal to that of men, most speakers agreed that 18 years should be the age of marriage for both men and women.
• The meeting also discussed the need for gender-neutral anti-rape laws which the civil society has demanded to recognise same-sex assaults among gay, lesbian and bisexual people as well as sexual crimes against transgender persons.
• Hence both statements are correct.

In order to promote inclusive good governance, strengthening of local institutions and effective implementation of government programmes, the National Centre for Good Governance (NCGG), Government of India and National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj (NIRD & PR), Hyderabad signed MoU on 17th January 2022.

• The main purpose of having this agreement is to focus on different collaborative activities by drawing upon the strengths of these two national institutions for bringing better good governance mechanisms into practice across all programmes and schemes.
• The National Centre for Good Governance (NCGG) is an autonomous institute under the aegis of Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances, Government of India. Its head office is at New Delhi and branch office at Mussoorie.
• The National Centre for Good Governance traces its origin to the National Institute of Administrative Research (NIAR). NIAR was set up in 1995 by the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration (LBSNAA) the Government of India's apex training Institute for higher civil services.
• NIAR was subsequently rechistened with an expanded mandate, as National Centre for Good Governance, which was inaugurated on February 24th, 2014.

Hence only statement 1 is correct.

NECBDC sponsored a training programme on “Bamboo Shoot Processing and Preservation” which was conducted by the NECBDC empanelled cluster M/s Delicacies food processing Center, Meghalaya the same venue from 13th to 17th, December 2021.

• North East Cane and Bamboo Development Council (NECBDC) is under the Ministry of DoNER, Govt. of India.
• Formerly known as Cane and Bamboo Development Council (CBDC), NECBDC was incorporated with the objective of organizing the hitherto untapped bamboo sector of NE India.
• It is located in Byrnihat, Assam.
• Bamboo shoots or bamboo sprouts are the edible shoots (new bamboo culms that come out of the ground) of many bamboo species including Bambusa vulgaris and Phyllostachys edulis. They are used as vegetables in numerous Asian dishes and broths.
• Hence only statement 1 is correct.

The chief executives of major US passenger and cargo airlines have warned of a “catastrophic” aviation crisis this week as AT&T and Verizon deploy new 5G services.

• They said the new C band 5G service set to begin could render a significant number of aircraft unusable, causing chaos for US flights and potentially stranding tens of thousands of Americans overseas.
• The US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has warned that the new 5G technology could interfere with instruments such as altimeters, which measure how far above the ground an airplane is travelling.
• Altimeters operate in the 4.2-4.4 GHz range and the concern is that the auctioned frequencies sit too close to this range.
• In addition to altitude, altimeter readouts are also used to facilitate automated landings and to help detect dangerous currents called wind shear.
• Hence both statements are correct.