CAT Mock Test- 7 - CAT MCQ

The central idea of the passage is that political action is necessary to solve large-scale problems like global poverty. This is evident in the passage when it states that effective altruism focuses on the internal moral economy of the giver rather than addressing real-world problems, and that it does not provide a plan for the elimination of poverty itself. The passage also criticizes the effective altruism movement for its political pessimism and consumer-hero hubris, arguing that it overlooks the potential for achieving far more good through institutional reform and political action. Therefore, option 1 is the correct answer.

An integral component of effective altruism is the presence of "organisations most efficient at translating those donations into gains in human well-being." The perceived impact of these institutions is positive and uplifting, especially concerning the poor or needy. Causes that highlight this positive impact on human well-being are reflective of effective altruism. Moreover, from the lines 
"The underlying problem is that effective altruism's distinctive combination of political pessimism and consumer-hero hubris forecloses the consideration of promising possibilities for achieving far more good. Singer and other effective altruist philosophers believe that their most likely customers find institutional reform too complicated and political action too impersonal and hit and miss to be attractive."
We can infer that effective altruism does not typically involve political action and institutional reform.
Option A: The NGO here is utilising the collected funds to build schools in rural regions: a gesture with a positive impact. Hence, this can be eliminated as the potential answer. 
Option B: The charity organisation ensures the well being of the poverty-stricken individuals of the slums through their healthcare drives offered for free; this again indicates positive gains for people. We can, thereby, eliminate Option B as the answer.
Option C: Again, there is some perceptible positive impact that stems from the gesture of offering free legal aid to the poor and marginalised people. Thus, we can discard option C as a possible answer.
Option D: Funding of protest with some political agenda does not reflect any observable impact on human well being (unlike the other cases). Also, this is more in line with what the author wants (political action, changing institutions, holding government accountable) which is in contrast with effective altruism. Hence, Option D is the correct choice.

{This ‘effective altruism’ movement has two components: i) encouraging individuals in the rich world to donate more; and ii) encouraging us to donate more rationally to the organisations most efficient at translating those donations into gains in human well-being.}
From these lines, we can see that 'effective altruism' supports rational donation, which means donating to efficient organisations which will make the best out of it. Hence, Option A can be inferred.
From the same lines, we can infer that affluent people are encouraged to donate more. Hence B can also be inferred.
In the passage, it has been given that an assumption of limited resources is made. Then a goal is decided upon considering the maximisation of these fixed resources. This often results in focus upon superficial problems, which seem to generate more value, instead of the root problem of poverty. Hence C can also be inferred.
Option D is a distortion. In the last paragraph, the author states that "Singer and others have been making this argument for nearly 50 years, yet the level of private donations remain orders of magnitude below what would be required to eliminate global poverty, however efficiently allocated." Here, the author is talking about cumulative donations, not individual donations. And secondly, the author is concerned about private donations' inability to tackle global poverty. Societal problems is a broad term and could involve other extraneous issues as well. Hence, option D cannot be inferred.

In the third paragraph, the author states that "...If one takes the efficiency view promoted by the effective altruism movement then one assumes a fixed set of resources and the choice of which goal to aim for follows from a calculation of how to maximize the expected value those resources can generate; i.e. the means justifies the end..." So, based on the value maximization of the resources available, the goal is chosen. Option C captures this point correctly and hence, is the correct answer. 
In this context, the author does not talk about varying the funding to achieve a goal. Hence option A is irrelevant.
The author does not talk about abandoning difficult goals just because they require prolonged commitment. Thus, B can be eliminated too.
Option D has not been discussed in the passage. It talks about people choosing goals because of personal satisfaction rather than the constraint of resources they have. No such claim has been made.
Hence, Option C is the correct choice.

The author makes the following observation in the third paragraph- {The robots are now humanity’s saviors, suppressing bad human mass behaviour online with increasingly sophisticated filtering algorithms. We once obsessed about how to restrain machines we could not predict or control — now we worry about how to use machines to restrain humans we cannot predict or control.}
So, humans feared that self-improving machines would go out of control and that it would be difficult for humans to restrain them. However, in a role reversal, the machines today help curb bad human behaviour online. Hence, ironically, the roles have reversed. 
Only option B conveys this inference and hence is the right answer.
Option A is outside the scope of discussion. Machines evolving to differentiate between good and bad has not been mentioned anywhere. Hence they can be eliminated.
Though an irony, Option C has not been mentioned in the passage as such. Hence can be eliminated.
Option D is close but contains the distortion that we cannot do without machines. The passage does not say that machines are indispensable. Hence, D can be eliminated.

In the fourth paragraph, the author mentions that humans feared the consequences of attaining their desires through complicated machines. And hence, they attempted to rectify their desires. However, when they lost hope in this endeavour, they shifted away from the fear of unpredictable robots and toward the fear of chaotic human behaviour, flipping the problem on its head.
Option A conveys the idea elucidated above. Option A is the answer.
Option B is partially correct but misses out on the remedying theme.
Options C and D have not been implied in the passage.

In the last paragraph, the author posits the following in regard to Wiener's distinction- "Instead of examining carefully whether our desires are in fact good, we may simply assume they are, and so blame bad behavior on the messy cooperation between ourselves and the “system.” That is, we assume, without proper examination, that our desires are good, and instead choose to blame the system and other factors for the bad consequences. Option C conveys this idea and is the answer. 
Options  B and D have not been implied in the passage.
Option A is close, but the latter part is extraneous to the discussion.

Weiner's desire-outcome disparity is about advanced systems which achieve undesired outcomes because of their inherent nature and them acting on misleading substitutes of the objectives fed.
Since the command itself was erroneous, hence the system acted on incorrect information instead of acting on a misleading substitute of the objective. Hence I does not fit the argument.
The AI program was designed to mitigate global warming. But eliminating humans to achieve the same is an undesired outcome, which arises due to the program acting on the misleading substitute of the objective assigned. The substitute being 'achieving the goal without a care for the humans', which the scientists would not have desired. Hence II fits the argument.
Though the author mentions that Weiner did not talk about social media, he also mentions that an analogy can be drawn between the two, hence the argument can be extended to include the misuse of social media, as mentioned in Statement III.
Hence Statements II and III fit Weiner's argument.

In the last line of the third paragraph, the author notes that " Progressive legislation and policy have not prevented the continuation of gender stereotypes." Hence, though they have failed in arresting the continuation of gender stereotypes, they have tried to address them. Statement I is wrong.
Statement II has not been implied anywhere in the passage.
Statement III is a vague statement and attempts to generalise a singular observation. In the second paragraph, the author links occupation segregation in STEM industries with segregation in education on these subjects. This cannot be generalised. Furthermore, we cannot say if occupational segregation causes educational segregation or the other way around. Hence, II is not inferrable.
According to the intergovernmental study,  “social norms continue to restrict occupational choices”. Statement IV can be inferred.
Statements I, II and III cannot be inferred. Option B is the answer.

"However, behind women participation statistics and progressive policies, gender stereotypes prevail, particularly in the workplace, and women in the region say that there is still a lot of work to be done."
Though referred to as one of the most gender-equal countries, the above lines show that Sweden is still far from being gender-equal. Hence Option A can be inferred.
In the fourth and fifth paragraphs, the author states the following regarding the gender equality situation in Sweden- "Men were also encouraged to take care of the family. “There’s this dual-earner/dual-carer ideal that Swedish gender equality is based on,” says Björklund. Policies in Sweden have since then focused on facilitating that work-family balance."
Option B can be clearly inferred from these lines. 
"The modern concept of gender equality has its foundations in the postwar welfare state. In Sweden, it was motivated by the need for more women in the workforce after the Second World War". Option C has been discussed as well.
Option D is a distortion. In the last paragraph, the author says that the national trait of "Swedishness" has been hijacked by far-right parties. However, we cannot say if Swedishness was introduced by them or that it was introduced to push anti-immigrant policies. As this has not been discussed, we can say that it is the right answer.

{"...However, the expectations on women to be full-time workers, self-sacrificing mothers and still have leisure time have put unrealistic pressure on this ideal. Expectations on men are not as high, and Björklund says that fathers can get away with being less caring than mothers - an idea underpinned by traditional stereotypes and middle-class values..."} In the fifth paragraph, the author talks about how the existing stereotypes lead to a disparity in the expectations from men and women to maintain a work-life balance. The difference in expectation is then highlighted. The author mentions how, in reality, gender stereotypes lead people to expect a lot more from women regarding caregiving responsibilities. Option C conveys the idea correctly.
Option A asserts that men are expected to fare better in the earner role, which has not been implied in the passage. 
Option B states that traditional stereotypes allow men to ignore their caregiving duties. The passage states that men can get away with doing much lesser than women - and not completely ignoring their responsibilities. Moreover, the impact on women due to the imbalanced expectations is missed out in this option. Hence, we can eliminate Option B. 
Option D can be safely eliminated. The author does not discuss the need for a new Swedish dual-earner/dual-giver ideal but talks about the threat to the same.
Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

The author concludes the passage on a foreboding note, highlighting how certain discussions now assume gender equality has gone too far. In the same paragraph, the author discusses how the disparity among different women groups, especially white, middle-class and immigrant women has been used as a tool against immigration. Hence, any discussion about how gender equality has not gone too far and how it is needed for all women would be the right way to continue the line of thought. Option C gives a rebuttal of sorts to the xenophobic idea presented in the last paragraph. Hence, C is the aptest answer.
The author does not explicitly discuss diversity in workplaces. It does not connect with any previous discussion. Hence, option A can be eliminated.
Option B is narrow. The author does not discuss anything related to intersectional groups in the passage and is focused on the larger group of women. 
Option D is extreme and has not been implied in the passage. Moreover, the focus would shift from gender equality to minorities which is inconsistent with the passage.

The last three paragraphs talk about how genetic research aided by SPARK has helped in the treatment and mitigation of various kinds of autism. The author further says that the addition of rich data to this will help provide better analysis and support. So the author tries to show the benefits of SPARK and how the addition of rich data will help provide better support. Option C captures the points correctly.
Option A contains a distortion in the second half. The passage does not imply that Spark can reach its true potential only through greater participation. Hence, A can be eliminated. 
The author does not talk about various developments but the achievements due to a particular method. Additionally, the need for more academic participation has not been emphasised. Hence Option B is a distortion.
The author does not focus on the plight of children suffering from autism. Instead, he highlights how SPARK helps these children and how promoting participation in genetic research could render valuable data. Hence Option D is incorrect.

{"Essentially, we will take a page from the playbook that oncologists use to treat certain types of cancer-based upon their genetic signatures and apply targeted therapeutic strategies to help people with autism."} The above line means that just like oncologists treat different types of cancers based on their genetic signatures differently, we need to use targeted treatment strategies to treat people with autism. But option A says that we need oncologists to treat autism, which distorts the author's message. Hence A is incorrect.
{"... learn if and how different genetic variants contribute to autistic behaviours, we need not only the largest but also the most diverse group of participants." }The author says that to learn about the contribution of genetic variants to autistic behaviours, we would need a large and diverse data set. Hence, we can clearly infer option B.
It is not mentioned in the passage that the treatment strategies used to treat cancer can be extended to autism. Option C is incorrect.
{"We now know that genes play a central role in the causes of these “autisms,” which are the result ..." } Option D is incorrect because it is quite the opposite of what has been mentioned in the line above. Moreover, the author says 'missed' during newborn screening, means something that was there but was not detected because of an error.
Hence, the author would most likely agree with option B.

"..we need not only the largest but also the most diverse group of participants."
From this line, we can infer that along with a large dataset, we also need diversity to make big data effective. But is has not been mentioned that the size of the data is not important. Hence Statement I is a distortion and cannot be inferred.
"We now know that genes play a central role in the causes of these autisms,...”
From this line, we can infer that the role of genes in causing autism is prominent. Hence Statement II can be inferred.
In paragraph 7, it is implied that a diet containing low levels of phenylalanine was given to stabilize the level of amino acid in the blood. It has not been implied that the level of amino acid is decreased because of it. Hence Statement III cannot be inferred.

Option A: While the first half of A's statement is true, the latter half appears distorted. There is no mention of "untreatable diseases", and 'phenylketonuria' has been presented in a different context. Hence, Option A is the correct choice.
Option B: {The more people who participate, the deeper and richer these data sets become, catalyzing research that is expanding our knowledge of both biology and behaviour to develop more precise approaches to medical and behavioural issues.} Option B has been presented as an advantage of having larger and richer datasets. Hence, we can eliminate Option B.
Option C: {Access to rich data sets draws talented scientists to the field of autism science to develop new methods of finding patterns in the data, better predicting associated behavioural and medical issues, and, perhaps, identifying more effective supports and treatments.} The author highlights the utility of richer datasets in drawing more talent to the field of autism science. Thus, Option C can be eliminated. 
Option D: {To ensure an accurate inventory of all the major genetic contributors, and learn if and how different genetic variants contribute to autistic behaviours, we need not only the largest but also the most diverse group of participants.}. The use of larger datasets in developing an accurate repository has been presented above. Therefore, Option D can be rejected as the potential answer. 
Hence, Option A is the correct choice.

Sentence 2 is the opening sentence since it highlights the damaging effect of the pandemic, especially with regard to the loss of jobs. The author draws a parallel between this group and the industries in general by continuing the idea in 1, which mentions the measures taken by certain industries. 
34 is a bloc. 3 describes the industrial scenario at large - how large-scale industries are doing well, despite laying off employees and not doing enough to arrest the pandemic's effects. Sentence 4 talks about the tax incentives these large-scale industries get, further critiquing the current situation. Hence, 2134 form a coherent paragraph.

Statement 3 is independent and has to be the opening sentence; it highlights the damage to the faith in democracy and the deleterious effect this could have.  41 is a bloc, describing why the republican loss in the elections could be damaging in the long term. The author covers how one faction of followers might become apathetic or disengaged from politics. The perception with regard to Trump is further elaborated in 1. Hence, 4 and 1 together extend on the damage that is mentioned in 3. On the other hand, 2 talks about ramifications in the immediate future. Sentence 2 has to precede 4 because 4 has the pronoun 'him'. Hence, the reference to Trump must have been made before sentence 4. Therefore, 3241 is the correct answer. 

After reading all the sentences, it can be inferred that the passage discusses data brokerage and the threats it poses to the proper functioning of a democracy.
Sentence 3 is independent and is the opening sentence. 12 is a bloc as it discusses the situation in the absence of strong data safeguards. 5 has to follow 2 as it describes the larger consequences- the word 'this' is the link. Hence, 3125 form a coherent paragraph.
Sentence 4 does not fit the context as it talks about data brokers lobbying more aggressively. Though it is not an independent sentence, none of the other sentences logically lead to the idea discussed in sentence 4. Hence 4 is the odd one out here.

After reading all the sentences, it can be inferred that the passage talks about the existence of distinct cultures among whales and dolphins and how this may have shaped their evolutionary paths. 
Sentence 2 introduces the topic and is the opening sentence. 1 follows 2 as it provides further evidence to the scientists' claim. 45 is a bloc. 4 talks about the new findings changing our understanding of how marine species evolve. 5 builds on that thought, highlighting how cultural shifts may have caused genetic shifts. 
Sentence 3, on the other hand, asserts that the new findings could alter the way we understand ourselves. None of the other sentences alludes to this line of thought. Hence, 3 is out of context.

The proper sequencing of the sentences is:
2. The integration of advanced algorithms and everyday technology has streamlined countless processes, improving efficiency exponentially.
4. Such an environment, teeming with both subtle surveillance and convenience, highlights the double-edged nature of progress.
1. However, the very ubiquity of such technology poses critical questions about data privacy and individual autonomy.
3. As we entrust more of our lives to digital gatekeepers, the parameters of the debates shift from technical concerns to ethical dilemmas.

This sequence creates a coherent paragraph by first introducing the integration of advanced algorithms and everyday technology and how it has improved efficiency. Then, it raises the issue of the double-edged nature of progress, emphasizing the presence of both surveillance and convenience. This leads to a discussion about the critical questions regarding data privacy and individual autonomy that arise due to the ubiquity of technology. Finally, it concludes by stating that as we entrust more of our lives to digital gatekeepers, the focus of the debates shifts from technical concerns to ethical dilemmas.

The passage discusses the critical importance of urban biodiversity and how its neglect in urban planning can lead to various environmental issues. Option B is correct as it encapsulates the core argument for the integration of biodiversity for a sustainable urban future, whereas the other options either contradict or miss the main point of the passage.

The passage discusses the transformative effect of the gig economy on traditional employment, highlighting both opportunities and challenges, particularly the need for updated labor policies. Option B encompasses these nuances, focusing on the need for policy evolution in response to this new work style, while the other options fail to capture the full picture or present false statements.

The passage connects modern dietary habits with health challenges and underscores the need for a holistic approach to promote healthier diets. Option A captures this connection and the necessity for a multi-pronged strategy involving education, policy, and industry collaboration. The other options either provide contradictory information or oversimplify the issue.

Since Mr. Wilson plotted only ten points and connected consecutive points using straight lines, wherever there is a change in the slope of the line, Mr. Wilson must have made a count.
Hence, Mr. Wilson must have counted the number of animals born on months 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 18 and 20 and the number of animals that were born were 300, 330, 270, 240, 280, 360 and 340 respectively.
The differences in number of animals born between these counting are 30, 60, 30, 40, 80 and 20 respectively.
From (1), he must have made at least one count between month 4 and month 7 and at least one count between month 14 and month 18. These account for nine counts in total.
From (3), Mr. Wilson's second count is the same as the eighth count. The second count can be on month 2 or month 3 or month 4.
In any of the three cases, for the eighth count to be the same as the second count, the eighth count must have been made from month 14 to month 18.

Case 1: If second count was on month 2:

If second count was on month 2, (i.e., of 310 animals), the eighth count cannot be on any month because no month from month 14 to month 18 have the number of animals born as 310.

Case 2: If second count was on month 4:

Similarly, If second count was on month 4, (i.e., of 330 animals), the eighth count cannot be on any month because no month from month 14 to month 18 have the number of animals born as 310.

Case 3: If second count was on month 3:

The second count on month 3 (of 320 animals) is possible because month 16. has the number of animals born as 320.
So, eighth count must be month 16.

So, the third count is on month 4 (of 330 animals).

From (2), the number of animals born on fourth count must be either 290 or 370 (inferable from the graph).
So, the fourth count must be on month 6.

The following table presents the counting that Mr. Wilson made:

Average number of animals born between second count and third count = 

Since Mr. Wilson plotted only ten points and connected consecutive points using straight lines, wherever there is a change in the slope of the line, Mr. Wilson must have made a count.
Hence, Mr. Wilson must have counted the number of animals born on months 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 18 and 20 and the number of animals that were born were 300, 330, 270, 240, 280, 360 and 340 respectively.
The differences in number of animals born between these counting are 30, 60, 30, 40, 80 and 20 respectively.
From (1), he must have made at least one count between month 4 and month 7 and at least one count between month 14 and month 18. These account for nine counts in total.
From (3), Mr. Wilson's second count is the same as the eighth count. The second count can be on month 2 or month 3 or month 4.
In any of the three cases, for the eighth count to be the same as the second count, the eighth count must have been made from month 14 to month 18.

Case 1: If second count was on month 2:

If second count was on month 2, (i.e., of 310 animals), the eighth count cannot be on any month because no month from month 14 to month 18 have the number of animals born as 310.

Case 2: If second count was on month 4:

Similarly, If second count was on month 4, (i.e., of 330 animals), the eighth count cannot be on any month because no month from month 14 to month 18 have the number of animals born as 310.

Case 3: If second count was on month 3:

The second count on month 3 (of 320 animals) is possible because month 16. has the number of animals born as 320.
So, eighth count must be month 16.

So, the third count is on month 4 (of 330 animals).

From (2), the number of animals born on fourth count must be either 290 or 370 (inferable from the graph).
So, the fourth count must be on month 6.

The following table presents the counting that Mr. Wilson made:

The difference between the fifth count and the ninth count that Mr. Wilson took = 360 - 270 = 90

Since Mr. Wilson plotted only ten points and connected consecutive points using straight lines, wherever there is a change in the slope of the line, Mr. Wilson must have made a count.
Hence, Mr. Wilson must have counted the number of animals born on months 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 18 and 20 and the number of animals that were born were 300, 330, 270, 240, 280, 360 and 340 respectively.
The differences in number of animals born between these counting are 30, 60, 30, 40, 80 and 20 respectively.
From (1), he must have made at least one count between month 4 and month 7 and at least one count between month 14 and month 18. These account for nine counts in total.
From (3), Mr. Wilson's second count is the same as the eighth count. The second count can be on month 2 or month 3 or month 4.
In any of the three cases, for the eighth count to be the same as the second count, the eighth count must have been made from month 14 to month 18.

Case 1: If second count was on month 2:

If second count was on month 2, (i.e., of 310 animals), the eighth count cannot be on any month because no month from month 14 to month 18 have the number of animals born as 310.

Case 2: If second count was on month 4:

Similarly, If second count was on month 4, (i.e., of 330 animals), the eighth count cannot be on any month because no month from month 14 to month 18 have the number of animals born as 310.

Case 3: If second count was on month 3:

The second count on month 3 (of 320 animals) is possible because month 16. has the number of animals born as 320.
So, eighth count must be month 16.

So, the third count is on month 4 (of 330 animals).

From (2), the number of animals born on fourth count must be either 290 or 370 (inferable from the graph).
So, the fourth count must be on month 6.

The following table presents the counting that Mr. Wilson made:

Mr. Wilson counted the number of animals born on the 6th month.

Since Mr. Wilson plotted only ten points and connected consecutive points using straight lines, wherever there is a change in the slope of the line, Mr. Wilson must have made a count.
Hence, Mr. Wilson must have counted the number of animals born on months 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 18 and 20 and the number of animals that were born were 300, 330, 270, 240, 280, 360 and 340 respectively.
The differences in number of animals born between these counting are 30, 60, 30, 40, 80 and 20 respectively.
From (1), he must have made at least one count between month 4 and month 7 and at least one count between month 14 and month 18. These account for nine counts in total.
From (3), Mr. Wilson's second count is the same as the eighth count. The second count can be on month 2 or month 3 or month 4.
In any of the three cases, for the eighth count to be the same as the second count, the eighth count must have been made from month 14 to month 18.

Case 1: If second count was on month 2:

If second count was on month 2, (i.e., of 310 animals), the eighth count cannot be on any month because no month from month 14 to month 18 have the number of animals born as 310.

Case 2: If second count was on month 4:

Similarly, If second count was on month 4, (i.e., of 330 animals), the eighth count cannot be on any month because no month from month 14 to month 18 have the number of animals born as 310.

Case 3: If second count was on month 3:

The second count on month 3 (of 320 animals) is possible because month 16. has the number of animals born as 320.
So, eighth count must be month 16.

So, the third count is on month 4 (of 330 animals).

From (2), the number of animals born on fourth count must be either 290 or 370 (inferable from the graph).
So, the fourth count must be on month 6.

The following table presents the counting that Mr. Wilson made:

The average number of animals born counted by Mr. Wilson =

Since Mr. Wilson plotted only ten points and connected consecutive points using straight lines, wherever there is a change in the slope of the line, Mr. Wilson must have made a count.
Hence, Mr. Wilson must have counted the number of animals born on months 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 18 and 20 and the number of animals that were born were 300, 330, 270, 240, 280, 360 and 340 respectively.
The differences in number of animals born between these counting are 30, 60, 30, 40, 80 and 20 respectively.
From (1), he must have made at least one count between month 4 and month 7 and at least one count between month 14 and month 18. These account for nine counts in total.
From (3), Mr. Wilson's second count is the same as the eighth count. The second count can be on month 2 or month 3 or month 4.
In any of the three cases, for the eighth count to be the same as the second count, the eighth count must have been made from month 14 to month 18.

Case 1: If second count was on month 2:

If second count was on month 2, (i.e., of 310 animals), the eighth count cannot be on any month because no month from month 14 to month 18 have the number of animals born as 310.

Case 2: If second count was on month 4:

Similarly, If second count was on month 4, (i.e., of 330 animals), the eighth count cannot be on any month because no month from month 14 to month 18 have the number of animals born as 310.

Case 3: If second count was on month 3:

The second count on month 3 (of 320 animals) is possible because month 16. has the number of animals born as 320.
So, eighth count must be month 16.

So, the third count is on month 4 (of 330 animals).

From (2), the number of animals born on fourth count must be either 290 or 370 (inferable from the graph).
So, the fourth count must be on month 6.

The following table presents the counting that Mr. Wilson made:

Since Mr. Wilson's fourth count was for month number 6, this means that 6 months had already elapsed.

Number of defective units of product A sold in 2014 and 2015 = 2,52,000 x 0.15 x 0.25 + 3,24,000 x 0.20 x 0.45 = 9450 + 29,160 = 38,610