UP TET Paper 2 Mock Test - 8 (Science and Mathematics) - UPTET MCQ

The field theory of learning in children, in which the learner perceives and responds to the whole situation, comes under Kohler's theory of understanding.
The associative theory of learning in children is described on the basis of stimulus response. In this, a relationship is established between the stimulus response. It is also called stimulus response or S-R principle.

Retreat is not considered as a factor of cognition.
Cognitive factors refer to characteristics of the person that affect performance and learning. These factors serve to modulate performance such that it may improve or decline. These factors involve cognitive functions like attention, memory, and reasoning.

• Most psychologists today believe that our cognitions, i.e. our perceptions, memories, interpretations are essential ingredients of emotions.
• Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer have proposed a two-factor theory in which emotions have two ingredients: physical arousal and a cognitive label.
• They presumed that our experience of emotion grows from our awareness of our present arousal. They also believed that emotions are physiologically similar.

Therefore, Anger, Hunger, and fear are factors of cognition.

Creativity is a cognitive ability to produce something original by offering a fresh perspective. It is the ability possessed by people who are creative, persistent, and imaginative.
Creativity is related to divergent thinking which refers to a way of solving problems by more than one approach. It is goal-directed thinking which is unusual, novel, and useful and includes brainstorming and out-of-the-box thinking in it

• Creative children are those who show high-performance capability in several areas such as artistic and creative work, leadership quality, keen power of observation, etc.
• These children have divergent thinking and are very curious in nature that's why sometimes the classroom seems monotonous to them because they grab things fastly than of their age-peers.

Trait (ability) of a creative child:

• Elaboration
• Abstracting ability
• Fluency & Flexibility
• Originality & Novelty
• Sensitivity of problems

Characteristics of Creative Children:

• Perceive relation between impossible things.
• Curious, extrovert, and ambitious in nature.
• Think quickly and solve problems in a novel way.
• Convert imaginative and original ideas into reality.
• Use divergent and out-of-the-box thinking in different situations.
• Try new things and risk failure in executing innovative ideas.

Accuracy refers to the ability to do anything without making any mistakes. it is the state of being precise and accurate. It is not necessary that every time the creative child will be accurate as it is natural for them also to make mistakes.
So, it could be concluded that 'Accuracy' is not a trait (ability) of a creative child.

In the context of socio-cultural, psychologists proposed that human learning is largely a social process. Lev Vygotsky, a psychologist also proposed a theory that learning is developed through social interaction and plays an important role in the development of a learner's cognitive ability.​

डिस्लेक्सिया: पढ़ने में विकार या समस्या होने पर यह पठन अक्षमता उत्पन्न होती है जिसे डिस्लेक्सिया कहते हैं। डिस्लेक्सिया ग्रीक भाषा के दो शब्द डस और लेक्सिस से मिलकर बना है जिसका शाब्दिक अर्थ है, कथन भाषा यह अधिगम अक्षमता के सबसे सामान्य प्रकार है। सह भाषा के लिखित रूप, मौखिक रूप एवं भाषायी दक्षता को प्रभावित करता है।

पद्यांश के अनुसार:- 
कवि ने कविता के माध्यम से सत्य की खोज तथा ज्ञान की प्राप्ति को निश्चित समय व भविष्य को जानने की स्थिति को प्रदर्शित किया है। 

डिस्लेक्सिया: पढ़ने में विकार या समस्या होने पर यह पठन अक्षमता उत्पन्न होती है जिसे डिस्लेक्सिया कहते हैं। डिस्लेक्सिया ग्रीक भाषा के दो शब्द डस और लेक्सिस से मिलकर बना है जिसका शाब्दिक अर्थ है, कथन भाषा यह अधिगम अक्षमता के सबसे सामान्य प्रकार है। सह भाषा के लिखित रूप, मौखिक रूप एवं भाषायी दक्षता को प्रभावित करता है।

सहकर्मी सहायता कार्यक्रम छात्रों को अपने ज्ञान को सुदृढ़ करने और उनके संचार और सहयोग कौशल के साथ-साथ अच्छे पारस्परिक संबंध विकसित करने में मदद करता है।
इस प्रकार के कार्यक्रम में शिक्षक उन छात्रों को पढ़ा सकते हैं और प्रशिक्षित कर सकते हैं जो किसी विशेष विषय में बेहतर प्रदर्शन करते हैं और समूह शिक्षण और स्व अध्ययन के भीतर ही उनकी शिक्षण सीखने की कठिनाइयों को बनाए रखने में मदद करते हैं। यह कार्यक्रम छात्रों को अपने ज्ञान को सुदृढ़ करने और उनके संचार और सहयोग कौशल के साथ-साथ अच्छे पारस्परिक संबंध विकसित करने में मदद करता है।

रामायण काल के पुष्पक विमान, वर्षा, अग्नि, वायु आदि की शक्तियों को प्रकट करने वाले वाणों, समुन्द्र सोख कर जमीन निकालने वाले मंत्र से चलने वाले अद्भुत वाण-अस्त्र, महाभारतकालीन संजय की प्राप्त हुई दिव्य-दृष्टि आदि को साक्षात् और सत्य करने के लिए विज्ञान ने हमें बहुत कुछ उपलब्ध करा दिया है।

बच्चों को ऐसा वातावरण मिलना जरूरी है, जो भाषा से समृद्ध हो।समृद्ध भाषिक परिवेश में  बच्चे सहज रूप से स्वतः ही भाषा में सुधार कर सकते हैं।

• पढ़ने का आरम्भ अर्थपूर्ण एवं लिपि से होना चाहिए और किसी उद्देश्य के लिए होना चाहिए।
• यह उद्देश्य कहानी सुनकर-पढ़कर आनन्द लेना भी हो सकता है।
• धीरे-धीरे बच्चों में भाषा की लिपि से परिचित होने के बाद अपने परिवेश में उपलब्ध लिखित भाषा को पढ़ने-समझने की जिज्ञासा उत्तपन्न होने लगती है।

वर्तनी- शब्द में प्रयुक्त ध्वनियों को जिस क्रम से उच्चरित किया जाता है, लिखने में भी उसी क्रम से विन्यस्त करने का नाम वर्तनी या वर्ण-विन्यास है। यदि वर्णों का उच्चारण शुद्ध न किया जाए, तो लिखने में भी अशुद्धियाँ हो जाती हैं।
स्व-वर्तनी- स्व-वर्तनी का अर्थ है अपनी वर्तनी होता है, अर्थात जैसा बोलना वैसा ही लिखना।

Linguistic Competence: It promotes linguistic competence which is attained by focusing on grammar, vocabulary, and syntax. The linguistic abilities of a learner are the abilities to efficiently and fluently read and write. it is more focused on fluency than accuracy. 

This is the correct option. The correct rearrangement is:
(B) A farmer wanted to get rid of his old mule and buy a new one but the mule always came back from wherever the farmer left him.
(D) One day the mule fell into the well and the farmer thought - 'Why not bury it there so that I don't have to worry about getting rid of it?'
(A) The farmer called his neighbours and asked them to help him put mud into the well but the mule thought that he was calling the neighbours to help him get out of the well.
(F) When they started putting mud in the well, the mule realised his master's plan and started thinking of ways to save himself.
(E) The mule started shaking off all the mud that fell on him and kept climbing on the leap of mud as it fell into the well; soon he was on top of the mud heap and he easily got out of the well.
(C) He walked away from his cruel master and never returned.

A deductive approach involves the learners being given a general rule, which is then applied to specific language examples and honed through practice exercises.

The author tries to convey that consensus management is impractical, especially in a free enterprise system. Even the Japanese pretend to follow it but they actually don't. No one can actually follow it in order to become a superpower.
"The Japanese believe in their workers' involvement early on in the decision-making process and in feedback from employees. And they probably listen better than we do. But you can bet that when the chips are down, the yen stops at the top guy's desk. So, we're wasting time trying to emulate something I don't think really exists."
A general agreement regarding something sounds great, but it is impossible to practise it as it would result in anarchy or a state of disorder. 
So, it can be concluded that consensus management exists more in theory than practice. The phrase 'in theory' is used to say that something seems to be true or possible as an idea but may not actually be true or possible.
Other options are rejected because Option (A) is an integral message of the passage but cannot be stated as the central idea of the passage. Option (B) and (D) are factually incorrect. 

"No, I didn't" will be the correct answer because this is the negative statement and because it is in the past, so we have used "didn't".

Remedial teaching refers to the method of teaching that helps the teacher to provide learners with the necessary help and guidance to overcome the problems which are determined through diagnosing them.

A conducive language classroom environment catering to the needs and interests of young children is an important factor for leading programs and activities in the pre-school class. A carefully planned environment can help preschoolers feel calm and secure, while at the same time, engaged and inquisitive.

Loss % = 7%
⇒ 7/100
Here C.P = 100 units
S.P = (100 - 7)
⇒ 93 units
According to the question,
93 units = Rs. 5394
⇒ 1 unit = Rs. 58
⇒ 100 units = Rs. 5800
∴ The cost price of the article is Rs. 5800
Traditional Method:
Given:
S.P = Rs. 5394
L % = 7%
Formula Used:
C.P = S.P × {100/(100 - L %)}
Where C.P = Cost Price
S.P = Selling Price
L = Loss
Calculation:
C.P = S.P × {100/(100 - L %)}
⇒ 5394 × {100/(100 - 7)}
⇒ 5394 × (100/93)
⇒ 58 × 100
⇒ Rs. 5800
∴ The cost price of the article is Rs. 5800

Taking LCM of denominators 5, 8, 9, 13 and 11
LCM (5, 8, 9, 13 and 11) = 51480
2/5 × 51480 = 20592
3/8 × 51480 = 19305
4/9 × 51480 = 22880
5/13 × 51480 = 19800
6/11 × 51480 = 28080
In ascending order: 19305 < 19800 < 20592 < 22880 < 28080
∴ 4/9 will be at 4th place.

The student thought that the negative sign will still be there and not get divided.

Biased opinion does not reflect the personality attribute of a person having scientific temper.

Science learners need to know not only facts/concepts but also about the processes through which this knowledge is generated. Aspects of Nature of Science:

• Scientific knowledge is long-lasting yet tentative, that is Scientific knowledge is subject to change because we make new observations and tend to reinterpret the existing observations.
• Empirical evidence is used to refine and support ideas in Science
• Social and historical factors play a role in the construction of scientific knowledge
• Laws and theories play a central role in developing scientific knowledge, yet they have different functions
• Accurate record-keeping, peer review, and replication of experiments help to validate scientific ideas
• Science is a creative endeavor
• Science and Technology are not the same, but they have an impact on each other.

Hence, it can be concluded that the statement "Scientific knowledge is subject to change" means Scientific knowledge is long-lasting yet tentative.

In order to enhance the self-esteem of students, they should be allowed to take part in discussions and debates.

School mathematics has to be in close relation to the social worlds of children where they are engaged in mathematical activities as a part of daily life.

The information that need not be given in a laboratory instruction card is who has to do the experiment.

Mathematics is the study of geometrical figures, their co-relation, and their dependency on each other. It deals with quantity, measurement, and spatial relationships.

• The teaching of mathematics should be done in a pre-defined order that is psychologically organized as per the needs of the students.
• According to National Curriculum Framework-2005, the main goal of Mathematics education in school is the mathematization of the child’s thought process. 

• Its specific resistance: A material with higher resistance will heat up more quickly, leading to faster melting of the fuse in case of overcurrent.
• Its radius: A thinner wire (smaller radius) will heat up and melt faster than a thicker one for the same material and current, making the fuse more sensitive.
• Its length: A longer wire has more resistance than a shorter one (for the same material and cross-sectional area), and therefore it will heat up more quickly.
• Current flowing through it: The fuse is designed to melt (or "blow") when a certain current threshold is exceeded. This is the fundamental operating principle of a fuse.
• However, if we had to choose the least important factor from the ones you listed, it would be the length of the fuse wire.
• In practical applications, fuse wires are usually very short, so while the length does technically affect the resistance (and therefore the heating), its effect is likely to be much smaller compared to the other factors.
• Still, this doesn't mean length is completely immaterial; it's just potentially less critical in most cases.

• Ginger is a stem and not a root because it has nodes and internodes.
• It is a rhizome, an underground modification of the stem.
  • The rhizome is a branched, prostrate, horizontally growing stem having nodes and internodes.
• It has a brownish line that represents nodes and internodes.
• It has scale leaves at nodes, axillary buds & a terminal bud.
  • These leaves lack chlorophyll.
  • The terminal bud gives rise to aerial shoot at the onset of a favourable condition.
• It grows above the ground & runs parallel to the ground.
• It helps the plant to propagate vegetatively.
• The nodes present in ginger give rise to both root & shoot.
• Underground modifications of stems:
  • Underground stems are modified to store food inside them.
  • It becomes thick & tuberous because of the storage of food.
  • Various types of modifications are:
    • Stem tuber: Potato.
    • Bulb: Onion, Garlic, Tulips, Lilies, etc.
    • Corm: Gladius, Sativus, etc.
    • Rhizome: Ginger, Turmeric, Banana, Ferns, etc.
• Rhizome:
• The rhizome which grows with lateral buds is called a sympodial rhizome.
  E.g: Ginger.
• The rhizome which grows through terminal buds is called a monopodial rhizome.
  E.g: Lotus.