Super TET Mock Test - 4 - Super TET MCQ

पंचसिंधु शब्द के लिए सही द्विगु समास के विग्रह का विकल्प पाँच सिन्धुओं का समूह होगा।

• जिस समास में पूर्वपद संख्यावाचक हो, द्विगु समास कहलाता है।
• पंचसिंधु मे पंच शब्द संख्या वाचक है।
• अन्य उदाहरण- नवरत्न, तिराहा, चौराहा आदि।

Key Pointsसमास :- समास का तात्पर्य है ‘संक्षिप्तीकरण’।

दो या दो से अधिक शब्दों से मिलकर बने हुए एक नवीन एवं सार्थक शब्द को समास कहते हैं।

समस के भेद -

सही विकल्प 4 'भरपेट' है।

Key Points

• भरपेट में अव्ययीभाव समास का प्रयोग किया गया जिसका अर्थ होता है 'पेट भरकर'
• अव्ययीभाव समास- जिस समास का प्रथम पद या पूर्व पद अव्यय हो अर्थात जिसमें प्रथम पद प्रधान हो उसे अव्ययीभाव समास कहते हैं।
  • अन्य उदाहरण- प्रतिदिन, यथाशक्ति, यथासंभव यावज्जीवन आदि।
• अन्य विकल्पः-
  • विद्यालय- का समस विग्रह- विद्या के लिए आलय। इस शब्द में सम्प्रदान तत्पुरुष समास है।
  • मनमाना- का समस विग्रह- 'मन से माना हुआ'। इस शब्द में करण तत्पुरुष समास(से , द्वारा) है।
  • कनफटा- का समस विग्रह- ' कान है फटे हुए जिसके अर्थात् नाथों का एक विशेष संप्रदाए विशेष। इसमें बहुब्रीह समास है।

Additional Information

• समास- दो या दो से अधिक पदों या शब्दों के संक्षेपीकरण से जो शब्द बनता है, उसे ही समास कहते है।
  • समास में मुख्यता दो पद होते है पहले पद को पूर्व पद एवं दूसरे पद को उत्तर पद कहते है ।
  • समास के मुख्यतः 4 भेद होते है। किन्तु तत्‍पुरुष समास के दो उपभेद भी होते है।
• अव्ययी भाव समास -जिस समास का प्रथम पद अव्यय हो अर्थात् प्रथम पद प्रधान हो ।
  • जैसे- आजन्म,प्रतिदिन, प्रत्यक्ष आदि।
• तत्पुरुष समाम - जिस समास का अंतिम पद अर्थात उत्तर पद प्रधान हो उसे तत्पुरुष समाम कहते है।
  • जैसे- चिड़ीमार, गगनचुम्बी आदि।
• कर्मधारय समाम-जिस समास में विशेषण और विशेष्य का संबंध अथवा उपमेय और उपमान का संबंध पाया जाता है. उसं कर्मधार्य समास कहते है।
  • जैसे- नीलगाय-नीली है जो गाय
• द्विगु समाम -जिस समास का प्रथम पद संख्यावाची तथा अंतिम पद संज्ञा हो उसे द्विगु समास कहते है। जैसे -नवरत्न
  • समास के अन्य उदाहरण
• बहुव्रीह समास - कोई पद प्रधान नही।
  • जैसे चतुर्भुज - चार भुजाएँ है जिसकी अर्थात भगवान विष्णु
• द्वन्‍द्व समास- दोनो पद प्रधान होते है।
  • जैसे माता- पिता

Mistake Pointsतत्‍पुरुष समास के दो उपभेद हैं-

• कर्मधारय समास
• द्विगु समास

गुणहीन का समास विग्रह 'गुण से हीन' है। Key Points

• गुणहीन में अपादान तत्पुरुष समास है।
• अपादान तत्पुरुष समास- जिस समास में उत्तर पद प्रधान तथा पूर्व पद गौण हो तथा 'से' विभक्ति का लोप हो अपादान तत्पुरुष समास कहलाता है।
• उदाहरण- भयभीत, देशनिकाला, दूरागत आदि।

Additional Information

• तत्पुरुष समास की परिभाषा- जिस समास का उत्तरपद प्रधान हो तत्पुरुष समास कहलाता है, इस समास में कारक चिह्नों का लोप होता है।
• तत्पुरुष समास के छः भेद होते है

'आपबीती' अव्ययीभाव समास का उदाहरण नही है। अतः 'आपबीती' सही उत्तर है।
आपबीती - अपने पर बीती हुई - तत्पुरुष समास
Key Points

• बेखटके - बिना खटके के - अव्ययीभाव समास
• प्रतिदिन - प्रत्येक दिन - अव्ययीभाव समास
• 'पुश्तानुपुश्त' :- पुश्तो के बाद पुश्ते - अव्ययी भाव समास
• यथासम्भव - जैसे भी सम्भव हो - अव्ययीभाव समास

Additional Information

‘देशविदेश’ में 'द्वन्‍द्व' समास है।इसका समास विग्रह होगा- देश और विदेश। अन्य विकल्प गलत हैं । अतः उत्तर सही विकल्प 3 'देशविदेश​' है।

Key Points

• 'देशविदेश' का समास विग्रह करने पर 'देश और विदेश' होगा।
• इसमें दो प्रमुख पदों के मध्य 'और' योजक का प्रयोग होने के कारण द्वंद्व समास है।

अन्य विकल्प -

Additional Information

• अशुद्ध रूप: बच्चे ने खिलौना लाओ।
• शुद्ध रूप: बच्चे के लिए खिलौना लाओ।

Key Points

• बच्चे ने खिलौना लाओ। वाक्य में कारक सम्बंधी अशुद्धियाँ है।
• वाक्यों में कारक संबंधी गलत शब्दों के भी प्रयोग किए जाते हैं, जिस कारण वाक्य अशुद्ध हो जाता है।

Additional Information शुद्ध और अशुद्ध वाक्य के अन्य उदाहरण:–

• अशुद्ध वाक्य – उसने दो एकड़ पृथ्वी खरीदी।
  शुद्ध वाक्य – उसने दो एकड़ भूमि खरीदी।

• अशुद्ध वाक्य – मैं बड़ों की श्रद्धा करता हूँ।
  शुद्ध वाक्य – मैं बड़ों का आदर करता हूँ।

सही उत्तर 'रामा घर को जाती है।' हैं।

• 'रामा घर को जाती है।', वाक्य त्रुटिपूर्ण है।
• इस वाक्य में विभक्ति संबन्धित त्रुटि है।
• सही वाक्य: 'रमा घर जाती है।'
• अन्य विकल्प व्याकरण और वर्तनी की दृष्टि से शुद्ध है।

Key Points

A sentence having two past tenses is inappropriate (did and punished present in the same sentence). Thus, the first verb can be changed to the past perfect form to make the sentence grammatically suitable and correct. 'Although I had done my homework, the teacher punished me.'
Option 2 is thus correct. 

'अकथितं च' सूत्र के अनुसार अकथित को गौण कर्म की संज्ञा प्राप्त होती है तथा उसमें द्वितीया विभक्ति होती है। इस सूत्र में 16 धातुओं का उल्लेख है, जिनके योग में ऐसा होता है और इन धातुओं को द्विकर्मक धातु कहा जाता है।

उदाहरण - 'नृप∶ खलं शतं दण्डयति।' यहाँ -

• कर्ता 'नृप∶' एकवचन में है।
• 'दण्ड' धातु के योग में 'अकथितं च' सूत्र से द्विकर्मक वाक्य है, अतः यहाँ 'खल' के गौण कर्म होने से द्वितीया विभक्ति होती है।
• वाक्य का मुख्य कर्म होने से ‘शतं' में द्वितीया विभक्ति होती है।

अतः 'अकथितं च' इस सूत्र के अनुसार 'नृप∶ खलं शतं दण्डयति।' यहाँ 'खल' में द्वितीया विभक्ति है।

Additional Information

इन सोलह धातुओं का प्रयोग इस प्रकार है -

1. दुह् (दुहना) -
   • गां दोग्धि पय:।

यहाँ अपादान कारक का अर्थ प्रकट होने पर भी उक्‍त सूत्र से कर्म कारक हुआ है।

1. याच् (माँगना)
   • बलिं याचते वसुधाम्।
   • बलिं भिक्षते वसुधाम्।

याच् धातु के समानार्थी 'भिक्ष्' धातु के प्रयोग पर भी द्वितीया विभक्ति ही होती है।

1. पच् (पकाना)
   • तण्‍डुलान् ओदनं पचति
2. दण्‍ड् (दण्‍ड देना)
   • गर्गान् शतं दण्‍‍डयति
3. रुधि (रोकना)
   • व्रजं गां अवरुणद्धि।
4. पृच्‍छ् (पूछना)
   • माणवकं पन्‍थानं पृच्‍छति।
5. चि (चुनना)
   • लतां पुष्‍पं चिनोति।
6. ब्रू, शास् (बोलना, उपदेश करना)
   • माणवकं धर्मं ब्रूते।
   • अध्यापकं शास्त्रं शास्ति।
7. जि (जीतना)
   • देवदत्‍तं शतं जयति।
8. मथ् (मथना)
   • अमृतं क्षीरनिधिं मथ्‍नाति।
9. मुष् (चुराना)
   • शतं मुष्‍णाति देवदत्‍तं।
10. नी, हृ, कृष्, वह् (ले जाना)
    • ग्रामं अजां नयति।
    • गृहं गावं हरति।
    • ग्रामं अजां वहति।
    • ग्रामं अजां क‍र्षति।

पद - मिलित्वा

विग्रह - मिल् + क्त्वा

‘समान कर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले’ सूत्र से वाक्य में मुख्य क्रिया के साथ पूर्वकालिक क्रिया का प्रयोग हो तो धातु से क्त्वा प्रत्यय का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे- ‘रमेश जाकर पढता है।’ यहाँ जाकर पूर्वकालिक क्रिया है अतः क्त्वा प्रत्यय का प्रयोग गम् धातु के साथ होगा।

‘क्त्वा’ प्रत्यय में ‘लशक्वतद्धिते’ से ‘क्’ का लोप हो केवल ‘त्वा’ जुडता है-

• गम् + क्त्वा = गत्वा।
• कृ + क्त्वा = कृत्वा।
• श्रु + क्त्वा = श्रृत्वा।
• मिल् + क्त्वा = मिलित्वा।

अतः स्पष्ट है कि मिलित्वा में क्त्वा प्रत्यय का प्रयोग हुआ है।

Additional Information

प्रत्यय:- ‘प्रति’ उपसर्ग पूर्वक ‘इण्’ धातु से ‘अच्’ प्रत्यय होकर ‘प्रत्यय’ पद निष्पन्न होता है। जिसका अर्थ होता है वे शब्द या शब्दांश जो अन्य शब्द के अन्त में जुड़कर नये सार्थक शब्दों का निर्माण करते हैं प्रत्यय कहलाते है।जैसे- गम् + क्त्वा = गत्वा। प्रत्यय पाँच प्रकार के होते हैं-

प्रश्नार्थ - किसे हम अपना कुटुम्ब मानते हैं?

स्पष्टीकरण - गद्यांश के अनुसार 'वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्‌' अर्थात् 'सम्पूर्ण पृथ्वी हमारा कुटुंब है।' यह भारतीय संस्कृति के कुछ आदर्श वाक्य में से है।

Additional Information

• सागरः - समुद्र
• स्वर्गः - स्वर्गलोक
• पातालः - पाताललोक

The side of the square must be the same as the breadth of the rectangle.
Side of the square = 4 meters
So the answer = 4 × 4 = 16 m²
Hence, Option D is correct.

Both the given statements about the Ahoms are false.

• The Ahoms migrated to the Brahmaputra valley from present-day Myanmar in the thirteenth century.
• They created a new state by suppressing the older political system of the bhuiyans (landlords).
• During the sixteenth century, they annexed the kingdoms of the Chhutiyas (1523) and of Koch-Hajo (1581) and subjugated many other tribes.
• The Ahoms built a large state, and for this they used firearms as early as the 1530s.
• By the 1660s they could even make high-quality gunpowder and cannons.
• However, the Ahoms faced many invasions from the south-west.
• In 1662, the Mughals under Mir Jumla attacked the Ahom kingdom.
• Despite their brave defence, the Ahoms were defeated.
• But direct Mughal control over the region could not last long.

Based on the above discussion, we can conclude that both the given statements about the Ahoms are false.

Multicropping generally refers to the growing of two or more crops together in the same field. This is mainly done to improve the fertility of soil. 

Focus on summative as well as formative assessments, objectives and activities of learning ensure positive outcome of the course.

Teachers, nowadays, are promoting seminars as these are helpful in boosting students' self-confidence. Besides, they also help all the students (both listeners and the student delivering the seminar) in preparing a difficult topic easily.
A seminar is a group meeting led by an expert that focusses on a specific topic or discipline. Attending a seminar has numerous benefits, including improving communication skills, gaining expert knowledge, networking with others and renewing motivation and confidence.

A teacher who changes the method of teaching according to the students and requirements is said to be research minded. This is a very good quality of a teacher by which he/she involves students by engaging them with different interests. A teacher who is always thinking about something may be introspecting but not research minded.

Teachers occupy a pivotal position in any nation as it is they who prepare the citizens of tomorrow. While the quality of the nation depends to a great extent on the quality of schools, the efficiency and effectiveness of schools lie in the hands of teachers. 

• To become a teacher, an individual not has to develop certain personal qualities, but also requires certain professional competencies.
• Many competencies are not feasible for an individual aspiring to be a teacher to acquire on his own. For this various training, services are available for the teachers. Mostly these trainings are divided into three stages:
  • 1. Pre- Service training, i.e. before joining as a teacher.
  • 2. Induction, i.e. at the time of joining
  • 3. In-service training, during the employed period.

Key Points 

• ​The third phase of teacher education is continuous in-service training. This phase is expected to be the longest and relatively more important.
• The initial training is only meant to supply a teacher with a 'license' for teaching and provides him access to the career of a teacher. However, it provides only the basic minimum knowledge and teaching skills required for the profession.
• But to continue working effectively, a teacher requires continuous personal and professional renewal in knowledge and teaching skills and redirection of tasks and expertise as the changing society necessitates. Hence, every teacher needs to pursue training beyond his/her initial certification. 
• Inservice training is unquestionably an issue that every teacher needs to pursue. Therefore, no teacher should and would not be satisfied with the initial and induction training that he has received. He requires in-service training to move forward in expertise and specialization. It is also required to equip a teacher with the competencies required for taking up new responsibilities.
• The major purposes for in-service training are:
  • To provide adequate professional training for effective teaching.
  • To keep teachers abreast of new developments in the profession.
  • To upgrade academic qualifications or professional competencies of teachers.
  • To develop skills and attitudes responsive to emerging national development goals and programs.
  • To disseminate specific information and undertake educational innovations, such as curriculum change, etc.

Thus, it is concluded that teachers are required to undergo in-service training to continuously upgrade their professional competencies.

Additional Information 

• Pre-service training:- It is the training that teacher has to undertake before starting a teaching career. For example- B.Ed. course.
• Induction: Induction is like an orientation programme where the teacher after joining has to undertake the rules and regulations of the school.

India's Wholesale Price Index (WPI) recorded a three-month low of minus 0.52% in October, marking the seventh consecutive month of deflation and indicating a downward trend in WPI-based inflation.

The Danish World No.1 Viktor Axelsen clinched victory in the Japan Open final after defeating Jonatan Christie of Indonesia.
In women’s singles, world number two An Se-Young of South Korea beat He Bing Jiao of China to clinch the title. She also replaced replacing Japan’s reigning world champion Akane Yamaguchi to bag the World No. 1 spot.

Key Points

In 1854, the first cotton mill was set up in Bombay and It grew as an important port for the export of raw cotton from India to England and China.

• This cotton crop became a huge demand and farmers started investing in it.
• Cotton turned the market upside down.
• A huge number of labours started working in mills.
• In Bombay, about 84 mills were established by Parsi and Gujarati businessmen by 1900.
• The construction and development of mills in cities started and the first mill in Ahmedabad was started in 1861.
• The growth of cotton mills demanded manpower.
• Poor peasants, artisans, and agricultural labourers started working in the mills.
• The textile industry of India faced problems such as difficulty competing with the cheap textiles imported from Britain.
• In most countries, the government-supported industrialization by applying and imposing heavy duties on imports which eliminated competition and protected infant industries.
• The first major spurt in the development of cotton factory production in India was during the First World War when textile imports from Britain were declined and Indian factories were called upon to produce cloth for military supplies.

World Oral Health Day is celebrated annually on March 20 to raise awareness about oral health and its connection to overall well-being. It was first observed on September 12, 2007, which marked the birthday of Dr. Charles Godon, the founder of FDI World Dental Federation. The day aims to highlight the importance of oral hygiene and preventive measures against common oral diseases like cavities, which affect a significant portion of the global population.

Key Points

Thus, the correct match is A (III), B (II), C (IV), D (I)

According to question,
A's weight is twice as much as of B.
1. A = 2B.
B's weight is four and half times as much as of C.
2. B = 4.5C
C's weight is half times as much as of D.
3. C = D/2.
D's weight is half as much as of E.
4. D = E/2.
E weight is less than A but more than C.
5. A > E > C
from 1 and 2
6. A = 2B = 9C
from 6 and 3
7. A = 2B = 9C = 4.5D
from 7 and 4
8. A = 2B = 9C = 4.5D = 2.25E
so from 8 and 5
A > B > E > D > C
So, E is lighter in weight than A and B.

Given:

Five years ago, father's age was 5 times that of his son

After 3 years father will be 3 times as old as his son

Calculation:

Let the present age of son be x years 

Present age of father be y years 

According to the question,

Five years ago, father's age was 5 times that of his son

(y - 5) = 5 (x - 5)

⇒ y - 5 = 5x - 25 

⇒ y - 5x + 20 = 0     ---- (i)

After 3 years father will be 3 times as old as his son

(y + 3) = 3(x + 3)

⇒ y + 3 = 3x + 9

⇒ y - 3x - 6 = 0      ---- (ii)

Solving equation (i) and (ii) we get,

x = 13

∴ Present age of son is 13 years

Thorndike was a great psychologist who propounded the stimulus-response experience. Edward Lee Thorndike (1874-1949) was a professor of American Psychology, a disciple of William James who developed a series of laws about trial and error learning ona  hungry cat.

​Key Points

Edward Thorndike developed the first three laws of learning: Law of readiness, Law of exercise, and Law of effect.

Therefore, the psychologist Edward Thorndike developed the first three laws of learning - readiness, exercise, and effect.

Motivation: It is the positive behavior to acquire a skill or knowledge, Motivation can be two types. Motivecan bedefined as the reasonfor whichyou are doing something, or the level of desire you have to do something.

Motivescan becategorized into two

1. Primary,or basic or physiologicalmotives
   • ​It isunlearned and common to both animals and humans.
   • It is basic human motives like food, cloth, shelter, etc.
   • These define thebiological or physical needs
2. Secondary, or learnedmotives
   • It can differ from animal to animal and person to person.
   • These motives can be learned day by day through practices

Social Motives: it is a secondary motive acquired by interacting with others. It may be universal (e.g., need for affiliation) or culture-specific (e.g., need for achievement).

Educational motives: It is the positive behaviour to acquire a skill or knowledge, Motivation can be two types

• Intrinsic motivation: it comes from deep within the mind, i.e. readiness to learn, love for learning, like a subject
• Extrinsic motivation: it comes from outside influences, i.e. appreciation by the teacher, motivational speech of a topper, parents' motivation, etc.

Hence, we can conclude that achievement is not a physiological motive .

Important Points

Wastage – “The premature withdrawal of children at any stage before completion of the primary education is called Wastage.”

• While clarifying the meaning of this word in education Hartog Committee remarked the following: “By wastage, we mean premature withdrawal of children from schools at any stage before completion of the primary courses”.
• In Primary Education, the main objective is the attainment of stable literary through five years of schooling.
• If a child entering school leaves it or is withdrawn from school before completing class V, it leads to wastage in education.
• So wastage is the premature withdrawal of children from schools. A rough and ready method to measure wastage is to compare diminution in enrolment from class to class in a series of years.

Stagnation Meaning– “The retention of a child in the same class for a period of more than one year is called stagnation.”

• Stagnationis a major factor responsible for wastage in primary education,both directly and indirectly.
• The students at every stage of education are expected to pass the examination after finishing the whole course.
• But it has been found that in general practice many students are not able to pass the examinations in one class or in more than one class within the prescribed period.
• Thus, they fail and remain in the same class. These failed students repeat the same class and course whereas their other colleagues pass that class and study in the next upper class. This process has been called the process of stagnation. Thus stagnation, it is meant the stay of students in a particular class for more than one year.
• The problem of ‘wastage’ and ‘stagnation’ is primarily related to education's primary level (1 to 5).

Really it was the Hartog Committee (1929), which for the first time pointed out that the “massive wastage and stagnation are taking place in primary education. Primary Education is ineffective unless it at least produces literacy”.

Additional Information 
Causes of Wastage and Stagnation:
The causes of wastage and stagnation are of 3 categories: economic, educational, and social.

• Economic Causes: At the age of 9 or 10, the child becomes an economic asset, because he can work at home or earn something outside. This is especially true of girls who have to assist the over-worked mother at home. The child is withdrawn from the school and thus he becomes a wastage case”.
• Social Causes: Class and caste distinctions prevail in India, the former in urban areas and the latter in rural areas. Especially in the case of girls custom of early marriages or betrothals stands a bar. There is an opposition to sending grown-up girls to schools especially to the mixed schools without women teachers.
• Educational Causes: Only educational causes are responsible for another 30% of wastage. The government of India admits this in the following words: “The educational institutions being ill-equipped, poorly housed and with the dull and depressing environment, unfortunately, could not exercise effective counter-acting influence”.

The increased number of single-teacher schools, inefficient teaching, lack of teacher-pupil contact, frequent transfer of teachers, and plural class-teaching disturbed the quality of instruction which ultimately cause much wastage and stagnation.

Hence, we can conclude that the right answer to this question is the primary level.