REET Level 2 Mock Test - 4 (Science and Mathematics) - REET MCQ

Bandura's major premise is that we can learn by observing others. He considers vicarious experience to be the typical way that human beings change. He uses the term 'modelling' to describe Campbell's two mid-range processes of response acquisition (observation of another's response and modelling), and he claims that modelling can have as much impact as direct experience.
Social learning theory is a general theory of human behaviour, but Bandura and people concerned with mass communication have used it specifically to explain media effects. Bandura warned that "children and adults acquire attitudes, emotional responses, and new styles of conduct through filmed and televised modelling." George Gerbner was concerned that television violence would create a false climate of fear. Albert Bandura cautioned that TV might create a violent reality that was worth fearing.

Language acquired by the children helps in development of children. Since, children hear and learn from the sounds of speech even while they are still in the womb. Language learning accelerates once infants are born. This language learning affects cognitive development. Some effects are more specific to language whereas other are more general. Development is a multiple process which includes various things. And language is one of them.

Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, proposed that children's cognitive development proceeds through four stages:

• Sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years): Children use their senses and motor abilities to understand the world around them. They learn through direct experiences with objects and people.
• Preoperational stage (2 to 7 years): Children develop mental symbols to represent objects and ideas. They begin to use language and engage in pretend play.
• Concrete operational stage (7 to 11 years): Children develop the ability to think logically and systematically about concrete objects and events. They become more skilled at solving problems.
• Formal operational stage (11 years and beyond): Children develop abstract thinking skills and are able to reason logically about abstract concepts and hypothetical situations.

These stages are not fixed and children may move through them at different rates. The stages provide a general framework for understanding children's cognitive development and can help educators tailor their instruction to meet the needs and abilities of their students.

Physical health and mental health are both interrelated. Poor mental health is a risk factor for chronic physical conditions.

The National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005 is a guideline for school education in India.

• It emphasizes the importance of a child-centric approach to learning that emphasizes the child's holistic development.

To deal with a mixed-ability class a teacher should use a variety of teaching-learning methods.

• Make sure that there is a variation in the content i.e., using different types of content to develop contextual understanding.
• In addition to a common supply of learning materials and learning activities that contains the basic learning material, provide opportunities for students to obtain additional explanation and revision, or more in-depth analysis and extension. Make it clear to the students what the core of the material is and what involves extension or broadening. 
• Give examples from different settings. This way, students with different interests and prior knowledge feel included. Teachers can also ask students to present their own case studies or examples from their own experience or reference framework. 
• Provide sufficient variety in teaching methods and teaching strategies during your teaching-learning process.
• Teachers can create variety by asking questions, creating interaction, providing room for discussion, in addition to theory also paying attention to applications and exercises, telling a small anecdote, or giving examples. ​

Therefore, to make sure that the teacher is effectively dealing with heterogeneous and mixed classrooms, they should use a variety of teaching-learning methods.

Due to propagation of exploratory and project-based learning, which is greatly influenced by cognitive characteristics of students, it is necessary to determine student's cognitive potential. Preliminary investigations have shown that it is possible to select an individual plan of a learning process for every student, ensuring successful learning of a whole subject field, on the assumption that the optimal cognitive strategy can be determined and realised.

If the teacher comes to know that a student is absent in the class, in such a case, instead of expelling/punishing/preventing him/her from attending the class, the teacher should know the reason for his/her negligence and find out the appropriate remedy.
Revision in Teacher Preparation in Classroom Management:

• Teacher with an instructional approach to classroom management, providing candidates with feedback through curriculum and guided exercises, and
• Addressing the challenges faced by teacher candidates and new teachers in creating a positive classroom context.

As the term itself indicates, microteaching is scaled-down teaching in which the teacher teaches a short lesson to a small group of students for a short period. One teaching skill is practiced at a time. Thus microteaching is a miniature form of teaching in which teaching is scaled down in terms of class size, time, complexity, and activities with a focus on developing a specific teaching skill.
"Microteaching is a real teaching" this is an assumption in microteaching because it has nothing to do with students' learning. It totally focuses on teachers' teaching skills.

गद्यांश के अनुसार, "जब आप प्रेम में उतर जाते हो तो प्रेम का प्रत्युत्तर अपने आप आना शुरू हो जाता है।"
इसलिए, यह निष्कर्ष निकाला जा सकता है कि जब इंसान प्रेम में उतरता है तो प्रेम का प्रत्युत्तर आना शुरू हो जाता है।

बच्चे निष्क्रिय गतिविधियों की अपेक्षा अन्तः क्रियात्मक गतिविधियों के माध्यम से अधिक सीखते हैं-सामाजिक संपर्क मायने रखता है- 

• ​​जब हम कहते हैं कि "सामाजिक संपर्क मायने रखता है," हम संचार की "आगे और पीछे" प्रकृति पर जोर दे रहे हैं।
• अनुसंधान इस तथ्य का समर्थन करता है कि बच्चों को वास्तविक लोगों के साथ वास्तविक जीवन के आदान-प्रदान की आवश्यकता होती है। 
• खेल के दौरान, भोजन के समय, बिस्तर की तैयारी करते समय या कहानी पढ़ते समय, परिवार के सदस्यों या शिक्षकों के लिए बच्चों के साथ बातचीत करने के सभी बेहतरीन अवसर होते हैं।
• अन्त: क्रियात्मक परिकल्पना के अन्तर्गत वो सब गतिविधियाँ आती है जिनमें बालक विभिन्न लोगों के साथ बातचीत में सक्रिय रूप से भाग लेता है।
• 'अन्त: क्रियात्मक परिकल्पना' का समर्थन करने के लिए चयनित विषयों पर समूह परियोजना कार्य, शिक्षार्थियों को विनिमय के अवसर (बातचीत) प्रदान करना और समूह कार्य, जोड़ों में कार्य और समूची कक्षा में एक साथ कार्य इन सभी विकल्पों के तहत आता है।

अतः निष्कर्ष निकलता है कि अध्यापक द्वारा व्याख्यान और श्रुतलेखन कार्य 'अन्त: क्रियात्मक परिकल्पना' का समर्थन नहीं करता है।

व्याकरण वह शास्त्र है जो भाषा से संबधित नियमों का ज्ञान कराता है। किसी भाषा की संरचना का सिद्धान्त अथवा नियम ही उसका व्याकरण है। यदि व्याकरण द्वारा भाषा को स्थिर न रखा जाय तो उसका महत्व व स्वरूप ही नष्ट हो जाएगा। अतः भाषा के शीघ्र परिवर्तन को रोकने के लिए ही व्याकरण का उस पर नियंत्रण कर दिया गया है। व्याकरण के ज्ञान का मुख्य उद्देश्य भाषा-प्रयोग में व्याकरण का ध्यान रखना है।

जब कोई बच्चा बिना अधिक अभ्यास के स्वाभाविक रूप से कोई भाषा सीखता है, तो उसे भाषा अर्जन कहते हैं। यह वह प्रक्रिया है जिसके द्वारा मनुष्य भाषा को समझने और समझने के साथ-साथ संवाद करने के लिए शब्दों और वाक्यों का निर्माण और उपयोग करने की क्षमता हासिल करता है। यह सर्वोत्कृष्ट मानवीय गुणों में से एक है, क्योंकि गैर-मनुष्य भाषा का उपयोग करके संवाद नहीं करते हैं।

सम्पूर्ण चुनाव प्रक्रिया को ही धता बता देते हैं।',इस कथन का भाव है। 
उपहासात्मक:

• परिभाषा-मज़ाक-भरा।
• उपहासात्मक का पर्यायवाची-मज़ाक-भरा , उपहास-भरा |

सकारात्मक:

• परिभाषा - जिसमें स्वीकार या हाँ का भाव हो
• वाक्य में प्रयोग - शीला की नौकरी के लिए एक कार्यालय से सकारात्मक उत्तर आया है।
• समानार्थी शब्द - स्वीकारात्मक , पॉजिटिव , पाजिटिव
• विलोम शब्द - नकारात्मक
• मूल शब्द - सकार
• प्रत्यय - आत्मक
• संधि - स्वर

प्रतिक्रियात्मक :

• प्रतिक्रियात्मक अर्थ-प्रतिक्रिया से युक्त।
• समानार्थी शब्द -प्रतिक्रिया संबंधी , प्रतिक्रिया से युक्त ,प्रतिक्रिया के फलस्वरूप किया जाने वाला ; प्रतिक्रियास्वरूप।

विश्लेषणात्मक:

• समानार्थी शब्द -तत्वसंधान, जाँच, विवेचन, परीक्षण, छानबीन, अध्ययन, भेद, व्याकृति, अंतर, स्पष्टीकरण, प्रकार, व्याख्या
• अर्थ-जो विश्लेषणवाली प्रक्रिया के अनुसार हो। 'आश्लेषात्मक' का विपर्याय।

People generally learn these four skills in the following order:

• Listening: While learning a new language you first hear it. It is the first step since it is acquired merely by interacting with the surroundings and requires little effort for a child. It is re-productive in nature and requires passive command
• Speaking: Eventually, you need to try the repetition of what you hear from others. This is the second step that he acquires usually by observing and imitating. It is productive in nature and requires action in nature.
• Reading: Later, you see the spoken language depicted symbolically in print. This is the third step and is acquired by drill and practice using textbooks, newspapers, etc. It is also re-productive in nature and requires passive command.
• Writing: Finally, you reproduce these symbols on paper. It is the last and the most challenging step since it requires a lot of effort like reviewing, editing, etc. It is also productive in nature and requires action in nature.

Therefore, we can conclude that basic language skills are Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing.

"By the end of next year, I will have been 50 years old."
This sentence introduces the following tense form: Perfect
It is a future perfect tense.
The future perfect tense indicates that an action will have been completed (finished or "perfected") at some point in the future. This tense is formed with "will" plus "have" plus the "past participle of the verb" (which can be either regular or irregular in form).

The initial lines of the first paragraph state, "The people of the village began to gather in the square, between the post office and the bank, around ten o’clock."

Pollen is a fine to coarse powdery substance comprising pollen grains which are male microgametophytes of seed plants, which produce male gametes (sperm cells). To develop haploid plants through tissue culture, the best choice is pollen grains.

1 dm³ = 1 L
According to mole concept,
Number of atoms = Volume of gas given/Volume at STP x Avogadro's number
= (224/22.4) x 6.023 x 10²³ = 6 x 10²⁴

Mass Percent:

• It allows us to determine the relative number of atoms of a specific component present in a combination/solution.
• Mass Percent = (Mass of solute / Mass of solution) × 100%

Calculation:
Given: Mass of solute = 0.01%
Mass Percent = (Mass of solute / Mass of solution) × 100%
= (0.01/100) × 100 ​= 0.01%
= [0.01/ (0.01 + 99.99)] × 100 ​= 0.01%
Hence, the mass of solute =0.01 g  and the mass of solvent = 99.99 gms.

Frequency of our household alternating current is 50 Hz.

Frictional force is an example of contact force, while gravitational force, electrostatic force and magnetic force are examples of non-contact forces.

Magnetic field:

• The area around a magnet where a magnetic force is experienced is called the magnetic field.
• It is a quantity that has both direction and magnitude, (i.e., Vector quantity).

In 1912, the Polish Jewish biochemist Casimir Funk discovered Vitamins and called them vital amines or vitamins.
Vitamins are of two types:

• Water-soluble: Vitamin B and Vitamin C are water-soluble vitamins.
• Fat-soluble: Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, and Vitamin K are fat-soluble Vitamins.

Minerals are solid substances that are naturally available and are created by the combination of one or more elements.
beta carotene is a compound that gives yellow, orange, and red colours to vegetables.
The scientific name of Vitamin C as Ascorbic Acid and it is mostly found in fruits such as Papaya, Pineapple, Kiwi, Mango, and Tomato and its deficiency causes poor healing of wounds, bleeding of gums, dry and scaly skin, and scurvy.
Folate is known as Vitamin B9 which is found in abundant quantities in green leafy vegetables.
The mineral iron helps in energy metabolism in the body and it is found in Red Blood Corpuscles (RBCs) and haemoglobin where haemoglobin carries oxygen in the body. It is mostly found in organ meats, fortified cereals, red meat, bread, and fish.
The mineral Magnesium helps to create protein, contraction of muscle, nerve transmission, and improve the health of the immune system, and it is found in our bones. The main source of magnesium is Nuts and seeds, hard-drinking water, legumes, and chocolate.
Carotenoids are helpful for eye and immune system health. Some common types of carotenoids are alpha carotenoids, beta carotenoids, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene, and zeaxanthin, and they are mostly found in pumpkins, yams, carrots, and oranges.
Phytonutrients are chemicals or compounds which are produced by plants and occur naturally.

• It protects plants from insects and the sun and keeps them healthy.
• It is found in fruits, tea, nuts, beans, and spices.
• They also have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can help support a healthy human body.
• Some common phytonutrients are carotenoids, ellagic acid, glucosinolates, phytoestrogens, resveratrol, and flavonoids.

Antioxidants are mostly found in fruits and vegetables and are a man-made or natural substance that protects or delays some types of damages to cells.
Dairy products are loaded with vitamins, minerals, beta-carotene, vitamin C, folate, iron, magnesium, carotenoids, phytochemicals, and antioxidants.

The test is based on Mathematics. The spellings, therefore, are the least considerable among all the options.

Option (1) is the correct option because they always believe in testing and experimenting things.

Science includes only relative truths but not absolute truths. This means that science does not accept philosophical concepts.

According to Piaget, the child acquires mathematical knowledge using real objects in the concrete operational stage. In order to teach mathematics during this stage, teachers use manipulatives to explore concepts such as place value and arithmetical skills. These manipulatives can include algebra tiles, geoboards, dice, etc. As students use the materials, they acquire experiences that help lay the foundation for more advanced mathematical thinking. Furthermore, students' use of materials helps to build their mathematical confidence by giving them a way to test and confirm their reasoning.

This is the correct option because it is most important for a student to have a good environment around him.

• When the red-brown of a copper strip is placed in a colorless solution of silver nitrate, then a shining greyish-white deposit of silver is formed on the copper strip and a solution becomes blue due to the formation of copper nitrate.
  Cu + 2AgNO₃  →  Cu(NO₃)₂ + 2Ag
• In this case, displacement reaction occurs because copper is more reactive than silver.
• Therefore, copper displaces the silver from the silver nitrate compound.

Thus, the correct answer is X- Copper and Y- Silver nitrate.