REET Level 2 Mock Test - 6 (Science and Mathematics) - REET MCQ

Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) refers to a system of school-based evaluation of students that covers all aspects of students' development.

• CCE was introduced by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) in India to evaluate the student’s development in all aspects throughout the academic year on a continuous basis.
• The objective of CCE is to make evaluation an integral part of learning through diagnostic and remedial teaching.
• CCE helps improve student’s performance by identifying his/her learning difficulties at regular intervals right from the beginning of the academic session and employing suitable remedial measures for enhancing their learning performance.

CCE describes two different types of evaluations which include summative and formative assessment/evaluation.

• "Summative Evaluation", commonly known as  "Assessment of Learning" is a type of evaluation which:
  • measures, certifies, and reports the level of students' learning by assessing them at the end of the term.
  • produces an accurate description of students' potential and achievement to promote them to the next grades.
• "Formative evaluation", commonly known as "Assessment for Learning" is a type of evaluation which: 
  • monitor the child's progress throughout the teaching-learning process and improve students' academic achievements.
  • diagnoses and removes the learning difficulties of students with appropriate strategies.

So, it becomes clear that Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation includes both formative and summative assessments using a wide variety of strategies.

The adverse effect of insisting on the same answers from all children will hinder the growth of the child's own understanding and imagination. Cognitive powers of a child, like imagination power, intelligence, ability to make a decision, etc. are related to the child's 'mental development' as mental development refers to the development of the ability to understand, learn, reason, think, perceive, and solve a problem.
Hence, the correct option is (C).

The Cephalocaudal Principle states that development proceeds from top to bottom. According to this principle, a child will gain physical control of their head first. After this, physical control will move downward to the arms and lastly to the legs.

The importance of individual differences in organizing educational programs effectively can vary depending on the specific context and goals of the program. However, socio-emotional and mental characteristics are often considered crucial in educational settings.

Critical Thinking: Critical thinking is a process that is way beyond mental exercise. It ensembles the various mechanisms of reasoning which enable us to, analyze, synthesize, process, and evaluate the information.

PSRN refers to Problem Solving, Reasoning and Numeracy.

Children with special needs have unique learning requirements and it is the responsibility of the teacher to respond to these needs in a positive manner.

According to Piaget’s cognitive theory of learning, identify the process among the following by "Accommodation" the cognitive structure is modified.
There is accommodation when a child either modifies an existing schema or forms an entirely new schema to deal with a new object or event. This concept was developed by Jean Piaget, a Swiss developmental psychologist who is best known for this theory of cognitive development in children.

• उपर्युक्त गद्यांश के अनुसार अधिकारों के मामलों में भारतीय उपभोक्ताओं की स्थिति दयनीय है।
• अर्थात उपभोक्ताओं के पास अधिकार ना के बराबर है बाद के वर्षों में जाकर उपभोक्ता संगठन सक्रिय हुए।

पद्यांश के अनुसार,
"मुझे न साथी रोक सकेंगे, सागर के गर्जन-तर्जन।
मैं अविराम पथिक अलबेला रुके न मेरे कभी चरण,
शूलों के बदले फूलों का किया न मैंने मित्र चयन।
मैं विपदाओं में मुसकाता नव आशा के दीप लिए
फिर मुझको क्या रोक सकेंगे जीवन के उत्थान-पतन,
प्रस्तुत पद्यांश में कवि के गतिशीलता और संघर्ष विशेषताओं के विषय में बताया गया है।

राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 2020, 21वीं सदी की पहली शिक्षा नीति है और इसका उद्देश्य हमारे देश की कई बढ़ती विकासात्मक अनिवार्यताओं को संबोधित करना है। इस नीति ने 34 वर्षीय राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति (एनपीई), 1986 का स्थान लिया है।
राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 2020 की महत्वपूर्ण विशेषताएं: 

• नई नीति का उद्देश्य 2030 तक विद्यालयी शिक्षा में 100% सकल नामांकन अनुपात के साथ पूर्व-विद्यालय से माध्यमिक स्तर तक शिक्षा का सार्वभौमिकरण करना है।
• वर्तमान 10+2 प्रणाली को क्रमशः 3-8, 8-11, 11-14 और 14-18 वर्ष की आयु के अनुरूप एक नई 5+3+3+4 पाठ्यचर्या संरचना द्वारा प्रतिस्थापित किया जाना है। नई प्रणाली में तीन वर्ष की आंगनवाड़ी / पूर्व विद्यालयी के साथ 12 वर्ष की विद्यालयी शिक्षा होगी।
• नई नीति विद्यालयों और उच्च शिक्षा दोनों में बहुभाषावाद को बढ़ावा देती है क्योंकि बहुभाषी शिक्षा छात्रों को पढ़ाने के लिए छात्र की मातृभाषा या मूल भाषा का उपयोग करने पर जोर देती है क्योंकि यह अधिगम को प्रभावी बनाती है।
• नई शिक्षा नीति में प्राथमिक स्तर तक मातृभाषा, स्थानीय या क्षेत्रीय भाषा में पढ़ाई का माध्यम रखने की बात कही गई है. इसे क्लास आठ या उससे आगे भी बढ़ाया जा सकता है. विदेशी भाषाओं की पढ़ाई माध्यमिक स्तर पर होगी. हालांकि नई शिक्षा नीति में यह भी कहा गया है कि किसी भी भाषा को थोपा नहीं जाएगा।
• बहुसांस्कृतिक शिक्षा का उपयोग करने वाली कक्षाएँ छात्रों को उनकी मूल भाषाओं में सीखने में मदद करने के लिए विभिन्न रणनीतियों का उपयोग करती हैं। NEP, 2020 नियमित, रचनात्मक और योग्यता-आधारित की सिफारिश करता है और 'अधिगम के लिए आकलन' पर केंद्रित है।

अतः यह निष्कर्ष निकलता है की राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति, 2020 विदेशी भाषाओं के अध्ययन की अनुशंसा माध्यमिक स्तर पर अतिरिक्त विकल्प के रूप में करती है।

भाषा मुख से उच्चारित होने वाली वह ध्वनि है जिसका प्रयोग मनुष्य अपने मन के विचारों का आदान-प्रदान करने के लिए करता है। यह बच्चों में दक्षता के साथ सहज अभिव्यक्ति के विकास को सुनिश्चित करता है।
भाषा एक औजार है जिसका उपयोग निम्न रूप से किया जाता है:

• जिंदगी के अनुभवों को साझा करने के लिए
• भाषा जिंदगी से जुड़ने के लिए सहायक है  
• भाषा जिंदगी को समझने के लिए उपयोगी है 
• भाषा जीवन जगत को प्रस्तुत करने के लिए सहायक है 
• जीवन संबंधी मनन और विचार शक्ति के विकास के लिए

अतः हम कह सकते है कि भाषा कठोरता से व्‍याकरणिक नियमों का अनुसरण करती है, कथन भाषा की प्रकृति के सम्‍बन्‍ध में उचित नहीं है।

Piaget was born in Switzerland. He was a student of biology and also had a keen interest in psychology and philosophy. His interest in the study of cognition evolved while working in a laboratory.

Critical Thinking: Critical thinking is a process that is way beyond mental exercise. It ensembles the various mechanisms of reasoning which enable us to, analyze, synthesize, process, and evaluate the information.

Azure is a variation of sky blue colour.

Given:
The diagonal of a rectangle = 17 cm
The area of the rectangle = 120 cm²
Formula used:
The diagonal of a rectangle = √(Length² + Width²)
The area of a rectangle = Length × Width
The perimeter of a rectangle = 2 (Length + Width)
Calculation:
Let, the length of the rectangle = L
The width of the rectangle = W
Then, L × W = 120   .....(1)
Also, √(L² + W²) = 17
⇒ (L² + W²) = 17²  [Squaring on both sides]
⇒ (L² + W²) = 289
⇒ (L + W)² - 2 × L × W = 289  [By using a² + b² = (a + b)² - 2ab formula]
⇒ (L + W)² - 2 × 120 = 289  [From the equation (1), L × W = 120]
⇒ (L + W)² - 240 = 289
⇒ (L + W)² = 289 + 240
⇒ (L + W)² = 529
⇒ (L + W) = √529  [Taking square root of both sides]
⇒ (L + W) = 23   .....(2)
Now, The perimeter of the rectangle = 2 (L + W)
= 2 × 23  [∵ (L + W) = 23]
= 46 cm
∴ The perimeter of the rectangle is 46 cm.

The direction of force acting on a current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field is determined by Fleming's Left Hand Rule. The direction of this force is always at a right angle to the plane containing both the conductor and the magnetic field, and is predicted by Fleming's Left Hand Rule.

This is the correct answer. The participation is better emphasised in the statement, as the winners as well as the non-winners, both will be awarded prizes.

Evaluation provides quantitative as well as qualitative descriptions of the outcomes of teaching-learning process.

The concept of micro-teaching is a training concept that can be applied at various pre-service and in-service stages in the professional development of teachers.

Magnesium hydroxide -

• It is an inorganic compound having the chemical formula Mg(OH)2.
• It is called 'Milk of Magnesia' because it looks like milk when dissolved in water.
• It is used to remove the acidity of the stomach.

While content represents the what of early childhood mathematics education, the processes of problem solving, reasoning, communication and connections make it possible for children to acquire content knowledge.

This is the correct option because the teaching-learning process of Science in a classroom at any level of formal education is directed by values inherent in the subject as it cannot be changed by school, teacher or community.

Objectivity means looking at the things without any biases, prejudices or discrimination. It can be developed by understanding the importance and use of evidence.

• It includes open to others’ ideas and should respect others point of view based on sound logic
• Being flexible and ready to accept the pieces of evidence.

Mathematics trains the mind in seeking logic and reason which in turn helps in rational thinking ahd understanding. Mathematics is an important component of school education. Its influence has been so fundamental and widespread that being numerate is becoming more important than being literate. The following values justify its position. 

Lactobacillus:

• It is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria.
• These are rod-shaped and can be found in fermented foods and supplements.
• It is the bacteria that is used to convert milk into curd. 
• Conversion of milk into curd is done by the process called fermentation.

So, the correct option is Lactobacillus. 

Sun

• Sun is the main source of energy of planet earth.
• The star at the centre of the Solar System is the Sun. Its core undergoes nuclear fusion events, transforming it into a nearly perfect ball of hot plasma that is incandescent.
• The Sun is the most significant source of energy for life on Earth, radiating this energy mostly as light, ultraviolet, and infrared radiation.
• The Sun's radius is around 109 times greater than that of the Earth at 695,000 kilometres (432,000 miles).

In the Branching programmed method of Norman A. Crowder, the student is taken to one of several possible discussions depending on the qualities of the answer.

• Norman A. Crowder is the father of Branching Programmed instructions, hence it is also called the 'Crowderian Model'.
• In this problem-solving approach, the concepts are subdivided into smaller concepts so that students can assimilate them efficiently.
• It is also called ‘intrinsic programmed instructions’ as it provides ample opportunities to the students to foster their strategy of learning.
• It implies the idea that meaningful learning takes place when students are exposed to the whole situation or content.

Hence, it becomes clear that the father of Branching programmed instruction is Norman A. Crowder.