REET Level 2 Mock Test - 7 (Science and Mathematics) - REET MCQ

Children in Pre-operational stage have symbolic thinking but do not realize that actions can be reversed and their judgments are based on the immediate appearance of things. 
Cognitive development involves cognitive processes such as knowing, thinking, remembering, recognizing, categorizing, imagining, reasoning, decision-making, and so forth. Cognitive development proceeds as children mature. Piaget divided cognitive development into four stages.

• Sensorimotor (Birth – 2 years) & Preoperational (2-7 years)
• Concrete Operational (7-11 years) & Formal Operational (11 years and above)

​The Pre-operational Stage: This is the second stage of cognitive development which is basically a pre-logical stage as logic has not yet fully developed. It extends from two to seven years of age. They begin to think symbolically. During the Symbolic play, children can create mental images of objects and store them in their minds for later use. For example, such a child can draw a picture of or pretend to play with a puppy that is no longer present there.

Socialization may be defined more comprehensively as a life-long process of inculcation whereby an individual learns the principles, values, and symbols of the social system in which he participates and the expression of those values and norms in the roles he enacts. 

Learning refers to the modification of behavioral patterns. It is a comprehensive process which refers to a change in behavior, knowledge, and skill as a result of practice and experience.

• Learning of children will be most effective when development of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains of children will take place.
• These domains are proposed by Benjamin Bloom's in his taxonomy. It is a set of three hierarchical models that refers to the classification of educational learning objectives.

Let's Understand these domains in the context of child's learning:

• Cognitive domains: In this domain, a child deals with knowledge and hence, learns to create, evaluate, analyze, etc.
• Affective domains: This domain comes into play when child grows in emotional areas such as feelings, attitudes, etc.
• Psychomotor domains: It is concerned with acquiring skills that require the integration of mental and physical movements.

So, it could be concluded that the learning of children will be most effective when development of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains of children will take place.

While handling students with special needs, use simple commands with as few words as possible, having the child then carry out that instruction.

'Enriched programme' can be used as it is a broad term for special practices, procedures and theories used in the education of children. An enrichment programme teaches additional related material to the student through the standard curriculum, faster than the normal.

Educational television is an example of media that transports learners to remote places by means of visualised reports. Educational television is the use of television programs in the field of distance education.

Language learning is an active process that begins at birth and continues throughout life. Students learn the language as they use it to communicate their thoughts, feelings, and experiences, establish relationships with family members and friends.

If a child fails to perform well in the class test leads us to believe that there is a need to reflect upon the syllabus, pedagogy and assessment processes.
The failure of a child is also the failure of the syllabus pedagogy and assessment. So we need to reflect upon all these points before making any judgment about the students. 
To avoid failure or to tackle it when it looks likely, both parents and teachers must get involved. They can do this by involvement of parents, skill development, increase in the motivation.

फ्लैनल बोर्डों का उपयोग विभिन्न स्थितियों में कक्षाओं में किया जा सकता है।

• फ्लैनल बोर्ड का उपयोग करने का लाभ यह है कि यह छात्रों को पढ़ाने के लिए सामग्री का उपयोग करने का लचीलापन प्रदान करता है।
• फ्लैनल बोर्ड का उपयोग चित्रों, संदेशों को प्रदर्शित करने के लिए किया जाता है।
• अंग्रेजी भाषा की कक्षा में इसका उपयोग चित्र रचना सिखाने के लिए किया जा सकता है।
• यह बच्चों को कहानियों का पता लगाने, उनकी कल्पना को लागू करने, ठीक मोटर कौशल को बढ़ावा देने और उनकी रचनात्मकता को बढ़ाने की अनुमति देता है।
• फ्लैनल बोर्ड बच्चे की सीखने की क्षमता को बढ़ाता है।

इसलिए, हम यह निष्कर्ष निकाल सकते हैं कि फ्लैनल बोर्ड चित्र रचना शिक्षण के लिए उपयोगी है।

बोलने के मूल्यांकन में घटक: स्वर, तनाव और उच्चारण की गुणवत्ता: अनुनय की शक्ति अक्सर आवाज की गुणवत्ता को आश्वस्त करने पर निर्भर करती है। स्वर (आवाज में उतार-चढ़ाव), महत्वपूर्ण शब्दों पर जोर देना, और आवाज की गुणवत्ता (मनोदशा और आवश्यकता के अनुसार ध्वनि में बदलाव) बोलने का एक महत्वपूर्ण हिस्सा है। इसलिए, एक शिक्षक के लिए यह महत्वपूर्ण है कि वह छात्रों के बोलने के कौशल के मूल्यांकन के दौरान बोलते समय उनके स्वर और आवाज की गुणवत्ता का आकलन करे।
इस प्रकार, यह स्पष्ट है कि बोलने के मूल्यांकन में उच्चारण, स्वर और तनाव का मूल्यांकन शामिल है।

• 14 सितंबर, 1949 ई. को भारत के संविधान में हिन्दी को मान्यता प्रदान की गई है।
• संविधान के अनुच्छेद 120 के अनुसार संसद का कार्य हिन्दी में या अंग्रेजी में किया जाता है।
• अनुच्छेद 210 के अंतर्गत राज्यों के विधानमंडलों का कार्य अपने-अपने राज्य की राजभाषा या हिन्दी में या अंग्रेजी में किया जा सकता है। 

संविधान - भारत का संविधान भारत की सर्वोच्च विधि है।

• संसद - यह द्विसदनीय व्यवस्था है। भारतीय संसद में राष्ट्रपति तथा दो सदन- लोकसभा (लोगों का सदन) एवं राज्यसभा (राज्यों की परिषद) होते हैं।
• मान्यता स्त्रीलिंग शब्द जिसका अर्थ मान्य होने का भाव या सिद्धान्त। 

शिक्षार्थियों के सतत् एवं समग्र मूल्यांकन (CCE) पर प्रभावी जोर राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति, 1986 में दिया गया। शिक्षार्थियों के सतत् एवं समग्र मूल्यांकन (CCE) पर प्रभावी जोर राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति, 1986 में दिया गया। सतत और व्यापक मूल्यांकन (CCE) प्रणाली विद्यार्थियों कि विद्यालय आधारित  मूल्यांकन प्रणाली है, इसमें छात्र के विकास के सभी पहलु को रखा जाता है।

ज्ञान- बोध, इल्म, जानकारी, परिचय, विवेक, आत्मज्ञान।
विलोम शब्द- अज्ञान 
कवि ने गीतों से लेकर किताबों तक फैले ज्ञान के महत्व का वर्णन किया हैं। 

बारहसिंघा उत्तर प्रदेश राज्य का राजकीय पशु है।
गद्यांश से
"इस वन्य जीव को उत्तर प्रदेश की सरकार ने अपना राज्य पशु घोषित कर रखा है।"

उपर्युक्‍त पंक्तियों के रचयिता का नाम है - सुभद्राकुमारी चौहान
ये पंक्तियां सुभद्रा कुमारी चौहान द्वारा रचित 'अनोखा दान' कविता से लिया गया है।

'प्राथमिक स्तर की शिक्षा मुख्यतः भाषा-शिक्षा है। भाषा और विचार का अटूट संबंध होता है। विचार से भाषा का जन्म होता है और भाषा विचार को जन्म देती है। बौद्धिक व मानसिक विकास के लिए विचार शक्ति की आवश्यकता होती है, जिसके लिए बच्चों के भाषा-विकास पर विशेष ध्यान दिया जाना आवश्यक है।

• भाषा शिक्षण में भाषा का नए संदर्भों/परिस्थितियों में प्रयोग करना सीखाया जाता है।
• भाषा शिक्षण, भाषा साहित्य को समझते हुए सामाजिक परिवेश के प्रति जागरूक करते हुए सोच का दायरा बढ़ाता है।
• भाषा शिक्षण का उद्देश्य दैनिक जीवन में तार्किक एवं वैज्ञानिक सोच को बढ़ाना है।
• भाषा विकास के लिए, स्तरानुसार कहानी, कवीता को सुनने में रूची लेना और उन्हे मजे से सुनना और सुनाना चाहिए।
• चित्रों और संदर्भ के अनुसार अनुमान लगाते हुए पढ़ना चाहिए। इससे बच्चों की कल्पनाशक्ति का विकास होता है।
• बच्चों को समृद्ध भाषिक परिवेश उपलब्ध कराया जाए, जिसमें उन्हे सुनने-बोलने, पढ़ने-लिखने के अधिक से अधिक अवसर हों।

अतः निष्कर्ष निकलता है कि 'प्राथमिक स्तर की शिक्षा मुख्यतः भाषा-शिक्षा है।' इस कथन का निहितार्थ यह है कि'प्राथमिक स्तर की शिक्षा मुख्यतः भाषा-शिक्षा है।' इस कथन का निहितार्थ यह है कि बच्चों भाषा-विकास पर विशेष ध्यान दिया जाए।

दिए गए विकल्पों में से ‘प्राचीन काल’ सही उत्तर है।
विज्ञान ने प्राचीन काल के ऋषियों-मुनियों और गुरूओं के मंत्रों और अस्त्रों के प्रयोग को आज विभिन्न प्रकार के आविष्कारों द्वारा सत्य कर दिया है।

Superman came and ate up the child's dinner. "He ate up my dinner...".

• 'Hunting' is formed by 'hunt + ing' where 'hunt' is the root form of the verb.
  • Hunt means 'to chase and try to catch and kill an animal or bird for food, sport, or profit'.
• To obtain continuous form of a verb we suffix 'ing'. It shows an action that is, was, or will be in progress at a certain time.
• In sentence 'The scenes show people hunting animals' means that in the scenes people are in continuous process of hunting.
• It's clear that 'hunting' is used as a verb in continuous form.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1).

Language skills are necessary for effective communication in any environment and to interact with others. It allows an individual to comprehend and produce language for proper and effective interpersonal communication.

• The four basic language skills and their natural order are listening-speaking-reading-writing. These foundational skills of language are divided into two categories which are receptive and productive skills.

This is the correct option. Teachers can encourage growth of interpersonal intelligence by designing lessons that include group work and planning cooperative learning activities.

Let's explore the meaning of the marked word and the given word.

• Boost: help or encourage (something) to increase or improve.
  Example: The new resort area has boosted tourism.
• Bolster: support or strengthen.
  Example: Timman needs to win a game to bolster his confidence.

From the above, we can refer that a correct answer is an option (C).

• Inhibit: hinder, restrain, or prevent (an action or process).
  Example: An unhappy family life may inhibit children’s learning.
• Placate: make (someone) less angry or hostile.
  Example: These changes did little to placate the unions.
• Shackle: restrain; limit.
  Example: Industrial progress is being shackled by a mass of regulations.

(x + 1)⁴ - (x - 1)⁴ = ((x + 1)² + (x - 1)²)((x + 1)² - (x - 1)²)
= (x² + 1 + 2x + x² + 1 - 2x)(x + 1 - (x - 1))(x + 1 + x - 1)
= 2(x² + 1)(2)(2x)
= 8x(x² + 1)
Now, let 'x' be an even number, say 2a.
The number becomes 8(2a)((2a)² + 1) = 16a(4a² + 1) = 16b
If 'x' is an odd number, say 2a + 1, the number becomes 8(2a + 1)((2a + 1)² + 1).
= 8(2a + 1)(4a² + 1 + 4a + 1)
= 8(2a + 1)(4a² + 4a + 2)
= 8(2a + 1)(2)(2a² + 2a + 1)
= 16(2a + 1)(2a² + 2a +1)
= 16c
Thus, the given expression is always a multiple of 16 and hence, divisible by 16.
Thus, option (1) is correct.

Chromatography

• Chromatography, a technique for separating the components, or solutes, of a mixture on the basis of the relative amounts of each solute distributed between a moving fluid stream, called the mobile phase, and a contiguous stationary phase.
• It is also used to separate colours in a dye
• The mobile phase may be either a liquid or a gas, while the stationary phase is either a solid or a liquid.

Time taken by the car to cover the 1st km = 1/30 hrs
Time taken by the car to cover the 2nd km = 1/40 hrs
Total time taken to cover 2 km =  hrs
Thus, average speed =   km/hr =  km/hr
Hence, answer option 2 is correct.

An inductive approach is concerned with the generation of new theory emerging from the data (which means general formula of finding simple interest). Students tend to understand and remember more when learning occurs inductively.

​Mathematics is a study of patterns, numbers, geometrical objects, data, and information. It deals with data analysis, integration of various fields of knowledge, deductive and inductive reasoning, and generalizations.

• The teacher while asking questions in the mathematics classroom should focus more on providing practical exercises and abstract knowledge to students to foster their individualized discovery-oriented learning.

Concept:
Complementary angles: The pair of angles whose sum is equal to 90° are complementary angles.
Supplementary angles: The pair of angles whose sum is equal to 180° are supplementary angles.
Explanation:
Let the acute angle be a°.
⇒ Complementary angle of a° = (90 - a)° 
Also, Supplementary angle of a° = (180 - a)° 
∴ Difference between supplementary and complementary angles = (180 - a)° - (90 - a)° 
⇒ 180 - a - 90 + a 
⇒ 90° 
Hence, the difference between complementary and supplementary angles of a given acute angle is 90°. 

• The National Policy on Education 1986 proposed that “Mathematics should be visualized as the vehicle to train a child, to think, reason, analyze and to articulate logically.
• There is a shift in treating mathematics education as an instrument for the National development to the development of a child’s abilities.
• This has been carried forward further in the National Curriculum Framework 2005 wherein child’s active engagement in mathematics learning involving “inquiry, exploration, questioning, debates, application and reflection leading to theory building and creation of ideas/positions in Mathematics” is envisaged.

In mathematics learning at the early school level, students commit several errors which are broadly of five types:

• Process/Procedural skills errors (P) is committed when the child identified an appropriate operation, or sequence of operations, but did not know the procedures necessary to carry out these operations accurately. For example, a student writes 6x + 2 = 8x.
• Reading errors (R) is committed if the child could not read a keyword or symbol in the written problem to the extent that this prevented him/her from proceeding further along an appropriate problem-solving path
• Comprehension errors (C) is committed when the child had been able to read all the words in the question, but had not grasped the overall meaning of the words and, therefore, was unable to proceed further along an appropriate problem-solving path.
• Transformation errors (T) is committed when the child had understood what the questions wanted him/her to find out but was unable to identify the operation, or sequence of operations needed to solve the problem.
• Encoding errors (E) are committed when the child correctly worked out the solution to a problem, but could not express this solution in an acceptable written form

Hence, we conclude that the above statement is of procedural error.