HTET PRT Mock Test - 4 - HTET MCQ

Cognition is what we are thinking, what is going on in our minds. Cognition is what is coming to know more, or what we are trying to remember that we already knew.
Hence, the correct answer is "Coming to know".

When the children do new things that they did differently from what they did before, creativity, creativity is a skill that helps children to enhance their skills of thoughts, ideas, feeling, etc. It's just that they make new things on their own. Creativity is something kids like when they play or make connections for different reasons.
Hence, the correct answer is "Play".

Learning is a process where we live, talk with others, learn new things which means we are interacting with others, and learning different skills like sitting, walking, eating, etc. We gain knowledge of what we are not aware of and also learn various skills that help us in the future.
Hence, the correct answer is "All of the above".

Child development focuses on human beings. Mainly, psychologists wanted to know how humans grow and change every year by emotion, social growth, how they learn, how their minds work, etc.
Hence, the correct answer is "Humans".

John Dewey, an American philosopher proposed the concept of 'Progressive Education' which emphasizes that learning takes place only through a 'hands-on' approach so the students must interact with their environment to adapt and learn.

संस्कार शब्द में सम्​ उपसर्ग का प्रयोग हुआ है। अन्य विकल्प असंगत है। अतः सही उत्तर विकल्प 1) सम्​ होगा ।

Key Points

• "सम्" संस्कृत का उपसर्ग है।
• "सम्" का अर्थ उत्तम,साथ एवं पूर्ण होता है।

Important Points

Additional Information

वाक्य वर्तमान काल का है - 'मानव पढ़ता है l'

• क्रिया के जिस रूप से यह पता चले की काम अभी हो रहा है, उसे वर्तमान काल कहते हैं।
• जिन वाक्यों के अंत में ता, ती, ते, है, हैं आते हैं, वो वर्तमान काल कहलाता है।
  • जैसे - अमित क्रिकेट खेलता है।

Key Points

• भूतकाल - मोहन गया l
• अपूर्ण भूतकाल - सीता सो रही थी l
• भविष्य काल - वह जाएगा

Additional Information

Explanation:

The past participle form of the verb "strive" is "striven". The verb "strive" has the following forms:
- Base form: Strive
- Past simple: Strove
- Past participle: Striven

Here is a breakdown of the forms:
- Base form:
- Strive: This is the present tense of the verb, used when referring to an action happening currently or habitually.
- Past simple:
- Strove: This is the past tense of the verb, used when referring to an action that happened in the past.
- Past participle:
- Striven: This is the past participle of the verb, used when forming perfect and passive verb tenses, and as an adjective.

Correct Answer:

• C: shouldn't

Explanation:

• The correct modal verb in this case is "shouldn't" because it expresses a recommendation or advice not to perform an action.
• "Have to" is used for expressing obligation, "may" is used for expressing permission, and "couldn't" is used for expressing impossibility or inability, which are not suitable in this context.

The given idiom is underlined in the heat of the moment is used to imply that something has been done without understanding the consequences and such things are normally done for being overwhelmed by the things taking place at the moment, around a person that actually snatches away the power of a person to think rationally and logically. Among the given options we can see that option D gives us the correct meaning of the idiom as underlined.

This makes option D the correct choice among the given options.

Use structure “subject + auxiliary + past participle + by + object”
As per the given above sentence is given in Passive Voice.
Cakes are baked by my mother.
Hence , option C will be correct answer .

Hence, Option A is correct.

Let total work be LCM of (90, 60) = 180 unit
Ratio of number of days by Sarthak and Deepak = 90 : 60 = 3 : 2
Ratio of efficiency of Sarthak and Deepak = 2 : 3
Total unit in one day = 2 + 3 = 5 unit
Number of days taken = 180/5 = 36 days 
Hence, Option B is correct.

When the denominator of an expression contains a term with a square root, the process of converting it to an equivalent expression whose denominator is a rational number is called rationalising the denominator.
By multiplying we will get same expression since 
Therefore, 

To solve the analogy problem where the pattern needs to be identified, let’s break it down step-by-step:

The analogy given is: 16 : 56 :: 32 : ?

We need to find the relationship between the numbers 16 and 56 and then apply that relationship to 32 to find the missing number.

1. Find the relationship between 16 and 56:

   • Step 1: Check the operations or patterns. Consider possible operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division.

   • Step 2: Test if multiplication could be a pattern:

     16×3.5=56

     This works as:

     16×3.5=56

     Thus, multiplying by 3.5 seems to be the pattern.

2. Apply the same pattern to 32:

   32×3.5=112

   Therefore, according to this pattern, the number that replaces the question mark should be 112.

3. Verify the other options:

   • 96: This is much larger than expected.
   • 112: Also too large.
   • 121: Similarly, too large.
   • 128: While close, it’s not the result from our multiplication pattern.

Hence, the correct answer is:

112

The correct answer is Niharika.

Key Points

• Niharika has been made the brand ambassador of the 'Girl Child Education Campaign' in Haryana.

Additional Information

• ​Dr. Suman Manjari -
  • She is a retired Inspector General of Police.
  • She is an advisor to Sarathi Jan Sewa Charitable Trust.
  • She announced Niharika as the brand ambassador of Sarathi Trust's Girl Child Education Campaign.

Using Rule 1 :
1st number × 2nd number = L.C. M. × H.C.F,
First number × Second number = HCF × LCM
⇒ 864 × Second number
= 96 × 1296 ⇒ Second number

Required cloth = (2.5 × 25)m = 62.5 m.

Since √3 and √5 both are irrational number therefore (√3+√5)² is an irrational number.

Using the result, HCF × LCM = Product of two natural numbers
 ⇒ LCM (a, b) = 1800/12 = 150

√9 is a rational number because √9 = 3 and 3 is a rational number.

Global environmental major issues:

• One of the primary causes of environmental degradation in a country could be attributed to the rapid growth of population, which adversely affects the natural resources and environment.
• The uprising population and environmental deterioration face the challenge of sustainable development.
• The existence or the absence of favorable natural resources can facilitate or retard the process of socio-economic development.
• The three basic demographic factors of births (natality), deaths (mortality) and human migration (migration) and immigration (population moving into a country produces higher population) produce changes in population size, composition, distribution, and these changes raise a number of important questions of cause and effect.
• Population growth and economic development are contributing to many serious environmental calamities in India. These include heavy pressure on land, land degradation, forests, habitat destruction, and loss of biodiversity.
• Changing consumption pattern has led to a rising demand for energy. The final outcomes of this are air pollution, global warming, climate change, water scarcity, and water pollution.
• Environmental issues in India include various natural hazards, particularly cyclones and annual monsoon floods, population growth, increasing individual consumption, industrialization, infrastructural development, poor agricultural practices, and resource mal-distribution have led to the substantial human transformation of India’s natural environment.
• An estimated 60% of cultivated land suffers from soil erosion, waterlogging, and salinity.
• It is also estimated that between 4.7 and 12 billion tons of topsoil are lost annually from soil erosion.
• From 1947 to 2002, average annual per capita water availability declined by almost 70% to 1,822 cubic meters, and overexploitation of groundwater is problematic in the states of Haryana, Punjab, and Uttar Pradesh.
• Forest area covers 18.34% of India’s geographic area (637000 km²). Nearly half of the country’s forest cover is found in the state of Madhya Pradesh (20.7%) and the seven states of the northeast (25.7%); the latter is experiencing net forest loss.
• Forest cover is declining because of harvesting for fuel wood and the expansion of agricultural land. These trends, combined with increasing industrial and motor vehicle pollution output, have led to atmospheric temperature increases, shifting precipitation patterns, and declining intervals of drought recurrence in many areas.
• The Indian Agricultural Research Institute of Parvati has estimated that a 3°C rise in temperature will result in a 15 to 20% loss in annual wheat yields.

These are substantial problems for a nation with such a large population depending on the productivity of primary resources and whose economic growth relies heavily on industrial growth.

Environmental issues at the global level

• Depletion of natural resources
• Water pollution
• Air pollution
• Groundwater pollution
• Toxic chemicals & soil pollution
• Ozone layer depletion
• Global warming
• Loss of biodiversity
• Extinction of wildlife and loss of natural habitat
• Nuclear wastes and radiation issues

Hence, the Global environmental problem is mainly due to the increasing Population.

The correct answer is Salinization.

• Salinization is an increase in the total dissolved solids (TDS) as the salt of the aquifer caused by natural or anthropogenic factors.
• Salinization is a global problem.
  • It tends to be concentrated in the world’s arid and semi-arid regions.
• Gypsum (calcium sulfate) or lime can be used to help leach salt from the soil.

Important Points

• Desertification is an environmental degradation that reduces the productivity of dryland ecosystems by reducing plant.
  • Overgrazing is the major cause of desertification worldwide.
  • Other factors that cause desertification are urbanization, climate change, overuse of groundwater, deforestation, natural disasters, and tillage practices in agriculture that make soils more vulnerable to wind.
• Carbonization is a process in which fuel is heated (900–1,200 °C) without air to leave solid porous carbon.
  • By this process, cole creates coke and sub byproducts.
• Oxygenation is a process where the addition of oxygen takes place to any chemical or physical system, including the human body.
  • By the process of oxygenation of the water, fish and seafood farmers can protect their stock against oxygen deficiencies during peak consumption and growth periods.

Additional Information

• The dissolved oxygen content of the water can be expressed as the absolute quantity of oxygen in one unit of water (mg/l, ppm) or as relative oxygen saturation (%).

• Pollution occurs when a substance present in the environment prevents the functioning of natural processes and produces harmful environmental and health effects.
• In the natural world, many substances accumulating in the environment are processed through the intricate network of biogeochemical cycles.
• Water pollution occurs when harmful substances, chemicals or microorganisms contaminate a stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or other body of water, degrading water quality and rendering it toxic to humans or the environment.​

Key Points

​Sources: 

• industrial effluents
• agricultural runoffs
• surface runoffs
• the municipality (urban) and domestic wastes
• substances produced from energy production
• mining
• oil spill

Important Points

Run-off urban areas: 

• Urban runoff is surface runoff of rainwater created by urbanization.
• This runoff is a major source of flooding and water pollution in urban communities worldwide.
• Impervious surfaces (roads, parking lots and sidewalks) are constructed during land development which results in high amount of surface runoff.
• It is mostly inorganic in nature with gasoline, motor oil, heavy metals, trash and other pollutants from roadways and parking lots.

Run-off from agricultural forms: 

• Agricultural Runoff is water from farm fields due to irrigation, rain, or melted snow that flows over the earth that can absorb into the ground, enter bodies of waters or evaporate.
• This runoff can contain organic pollutants like pesticides, sediment (soil particles), nutrients (phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium from fertilizers) and metals, which can contaminate sources of water.

Sewage effluents:

• Sewage, or domestic/municipal wastewater, is a type of wastewater that is produced by a community of people.
• It is characterized by physical, chemical and toxic constituents, and its bacteriologic status.
• It consists mostly of greywater (from sinks, bathtubs, showers, dishwashers, and clothes washers), blackwater (the water used to flush toilets, combined with the human waste that it flushes away), soaps and detergents, and toilet paper (less so in regions where bidets are widely used instead of paper). 
• Sewage effluents have the highest amount of organic pollutants along with bacterial contamination.

Industrial effluents:

• Industrial effluent is the wastewater produced by industrial activity.
• It includes wastewater produced from the manufacturing process or cleaning process.
• The composition of wastewater generated mostly depends on the nature of the industry.
• It is mostly inorganic in nature.

​Thus, the major source of water pollution is domestic sewage or dirty water, industrial effluent, silt and mineral oil.

Additional Information

Effects:

• Water pollution leads to excessive buildup of nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body called nutrient enrichment.
• Excess nutrient buildup leads to algal bloom in the water body eventually leading to eutrophication.

The correct answer is Gastro-intestinal diseases.

• Gastrointestinal disorders include constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, haemorrhoids, anal fissures, perianal abscesses, anal fistulas, perianal infections, diverticular diseases, colitis, colon polyps, etc.
  • They are not caused by air pollution.

 Important Points

• Air pollution consists of chemicals or particles in the air that can harm the health of humans, animals, and plants.
• It also damages buildings.

Additional Information

Effects on Humans:

• People experience a wide range of health effects from being exposed to air pollution
• Short-term effects, which are temporary, include illnesses such as pneumonia or bronchitis.
• They also include discomforts such as irritation to the nose, throat, eyes, or skin. 
• Long-term health effects from air pollution include heart disease, lung cancer, and respiratory diseases such as emphysema.

Void ratio (e): 

• Void ratio is usually defined as the ratio of the volume of voids to the total volume of soil solid.

Porosity (n): 

• Porosity is defined as the ratio of the volume of voids to the total volume of the soil.

The relationship between void ratio and porosity are as follows:

The correct answer is 98.4° F,

Key Points

• The normal temperature of the human body is 37 °C (98.4° F). 
• A temperature above 100.4 °F(38°C) most often means you have a fever.
• Normal body temperature is also called the normal or core body temperature, which is based on Homeostasis.
• ​Homeostasis is a phenomenon in which the body regulates its functions to keep the internal conditions as stable as possible.
• The normal human body temperature border is typically stated as 36.5–37 °C (97.7–98.6 °F).
• Human body temperature depends on gender, age, time of day, exertion level, health status
  • Also in what part of the body the measurement is taken at.
• Body temperature is kept in the normal range by thermoregulation, in which adaptation of temperature is triggered by the central nervous system.

Thus, the Body temperature of a normal human being is 98.4° F.

Concept:

• Electromagnetic waves or EM waves (Lightwave): The waves that are formed as a result of vibrations between an electric field and a magnetic field and they are perpendicular to each other and to the direction of the wave is called an electromagnetic wave.
• The accelerating charged particle produces an electromagnetic (EM) wave.
• A charged particle oscillating about an equilibrium position is an accelerating charged particle.
• Electromagnetic waves do not require any matter to propagate from one place to another as it consists of photons.
• Hence they can move in a vacuum 

Properties of Lightwaves:

• Not have any charge or we can say that they are neutral.
• Propagate as a transverse wave with both wave and particle nature.
• They move with the velocity the same as that of light i.e 3 × 108 m/s.
• It contains energy and they also contain momentum.
• They can travel in a vacuum also and always travel in a straight line.

Explanation:

• All of the above-given statements are true.
• Light travels in a straight line until its path is obstructed.
• Light has dual nature, that is, it shows both waves as well as particle nature.
• Light is a transverse wave as the particles of lightwave vibrate in a direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation.