MPTET Varg 3 Mock Test - 4 - MPTET MCQ

Development refers to qualitative changes in an individual such as a change in personality or other mental and emotional aspects. Development takes place in all aspects such as physical, cognitive, language, social, emotional, and others.

Key Points

• The naturalism philosophy of education was propounded by 'Rousseau'. Naturalists have regard for actual facts and realities.
• This educational philosophy emphasizes involving learners in such activities which provides them an opportunity for self-education and self-expression.
• According to naturalists, the main role in development is Nurture that refers to the influences of the complex physical and social ecology in which we develop and grow.
• The term nurture stands for the influence of the environment on child development, i.e. all the contextual factors that influence who we are, including our perceptions of early childhood, our social relationships, and the society around us.
• Nurture includes parenting style, physical surroundings, economic factors, and anything that can have an influence and development that does not come from within the person.

Hint

• ​Heredity is what a person is born with. It is a specific combination of genes we inherit and is shown in characteristics like height and certain habits. 
• Heredity is the sum total of the traits potentially present in the fertilized ovum. All the qualities that a child has inherited from the parents are called heredity.
• For example, Sufi was born with grey eyes and black hair. She ‘inherited’ the color of her eyes from her mother and her hair was like her father’s.

Thus, it is concluded that according to naturalists, the main role in development is Nurture.

Learning disabilities are disorders that affect a person's ability to understand or respond to new information. Learning disabilities tend to cause problems with listening skills, language skills (including speaking, reading, or writing), mathematical operations, etc.

• Few learning disabilities in children: Dyscalculia (problems with mathematical operations), Dysgraphia (problems with handwriting), Information-processing disorders (inability to fully use sensory information), Language-related problems, etc.

Key Points​​Causes of learning disabilities:

• Heredity factors:  Problems during pregnancy/childbirth, or problems after childbirth, brain damage are heredity factors that led to learning disability.
• Physiological factors/Organic factors:
  • Brain injury, damaged central nervous system, genetic factors, and prenatal and postnatal problems also lead to learning disabilities.
  • Maternal health, diet, lifestyle, and postnatal factors like head injury, nutritional defects are potential causes of learning disability.
  • Maturational lag and neurological disturbances can also be factors that lead to a learning disability.

• Environmental factors: Unstimulating environment at home develops emotional and language deprivation. Language plays a crucial role in a child's environment, in his thinking as well as in learning other skills. Language deprivation and diversity complicate learning disabilities.

Thus, it is concluded that heredity, physiological and environmental factors are the causes of learning disability.

Exceptional children are those who deviate from the normal population and need special education services to meet their needs. It includes children who are gifted, backward, creative, learning disabled, etc.

Key Points The above-mentioned characteristic is related to  'Backward child' as a class consists of students with varying learning abilities as some learn fast and some learn slowly.

'Backward children': 

• A backward child is not mentally retarded or physically disabled.
• He may have a neurological handicap or emotional disorder which hinders their abilities.
• Backward children show the inability to do the work of the class below that which is normal for their age.
• Appropriate training is required to make educationally retarded children learn some self-care and communication skills.

Hence, it could be concluded that a child whose educational attainments are lower than what he is capable of can be called as 'Backward child'.

Hint

•  Gifted children refer to children who perform tasks extraordinarily when compared with others of their peer group.
•  A delinquent child is a child of a certain age, who has violated a criminal law or engaged in a disobedient and against the social rules and regulations.
• Handicapped child: These categories of children can not participate in educational, social, and vocational activities on fairly equal terms with their peers due to physical disabilities.

Given:

Angle is 58°

Concept used:

In an acute right angle triangle sum of angles other than the right angle is 90°

Calculation:

∠B = 90°, ∠A = 58°

∠C = 90 - 58 = 32°

∴ Required answer of the angle is 32°

Calculation:    

1 kg = 1000 gm

⇒ 4700 gm = 4700/1000 = 4.7 kg

⇒ Difference = 9.75 kg - 4.7 kg = 5.05 kg

According to the question:   

⇒ The 1/5th of difference of 9.75 kg and 4700gm = 1/5 of 5.05 = 1.01 kg

∴ The 1/5th of the difference of 9.75 kg and 4700gm is 1.01 kg

The correct option is 3 i.e. 1.01 kg        

Mathematics has been recognized as one of the central strands of human intellectual activity. From the very beginning, mathematics has been a living and growing intellectual pursuit. It has its roots in everyday activities and forms the basic structure of our highly advanced technological developments.

• The objectives of teaching mathematics may be achieved accurately through effective planning of instruction. A teacher should help students to develop an understanding of mathematical concepts through desired experiences. Students should not fear or dislike mathematics, rather they should enjoy mathematics. 

Key Points

• When as a teacher, you start working with children in classrooms; you have some ‘content’ that you have to teach, in other words, you have a syllabus. That syllabus is very often confined to the textbook.
• Thus, a textbook becomes an embodiment of the syllabus - all that is in it has to be taught, and that is all that is to be taught. It becomes a methodological guide for all aspects of classroom practices, i.e., what has to be read, it also becomes the evaluation system - questions at the end of each chapter have to be answered orally and in writing, reproducing the text from the book itself.
• The possibility of providing enriched experiences to the children gets a little boost when the teacher starts using textbooks as a reflective guide.

Important Points

• The content of the mathematics textbook should be according to the student. It should be according to the student's needs. 
• The exercises should aim at all levels of students. It should be challenging for intelligent students and should give skill development opportunities for average & below-average students also.
• ​ A mathematics textbook should be written in accordance with the aims and objectives of teaching the subject in that particular class. It should be well illustrated. There should be diagrams and figures wherever needed.

Thus, it is concluded that the organization of content in the textbook of mathematics should be according to the students.

Given:

The number is 2x5472.

Concept used:

A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of all digit is divisible by 9.

Calculation:

Number = 2x5472

The sum of all digit = 2 + x + 5 + 4 + 7 + 2

⇒ 20 + x      ---(1)

In the above equation, if 7 is placed in the place of x it becomes 27, which is divisible by 9.

∴ The least value is 7.

The aims are achievable through the realization of objectives that are narrow and specific. Teaching-learning of mathematics also takes account of well-defined objectives. Developing mathematical knowledge, understanding various mathematical terms, widening appreciation towards Mathematics, and expanding the skill of applying the acquired knowledge in everyday activities are some of them.

• Acquire knowledge of facts, concepts, theories, laws, principles, proofs of Mathematics;
• Develop the ability to communicate mathematical ideas with precision and accuracy; 
• Develop interest and positive attitude towards Mathematics 
• Apply mathematical knowledge to solve real-life problems;
• Develop the skill to use algorithms in problem-solving; to develop student judgment.
• Appreciate the contributions of mathematicians;
• Develop mastery of algebraic skills, drawing skills, deducing interpretations, finding patterns, making connections, analysing, organising data, reasoning, critical thinking, etc. 

It can be concluded that mathematical teaching not only aims to develop only mental to know calculation skills.

Lesson plan is a detailed and organized statement of general and specific goals together with the specific means by which these goals are to be attained by learners under the guidance of their teacher.

• Daily lesson planning involves defining the objectives, selecting and arranging the subject matter, and determining the method of procedure.
• The lesson plan of mathematics will help a teacher to effectively organize the lesson and to facilitate the learning of the students. 
• It also provides appropriate provision for the feedback and the evaluation of the students.

Key Points

The lesson plan of mathematics includes:

Hence, it could be concluded that the number of annual working days is not in the lesson plan for teaching mathematics.

Given :

The cost of 5 pencils and 6 erasers is equal to 33 rupees 

The cost of a pencil and an eraser is equal to 6 rupees 

Calculations :

Let the cost of a pencil be P 

Let the cost of an eraser be E 

According to the question 

5P + 6E = 33      ....(1)

P + E = 6      ....(2)

Multiply equation (2) by 5 and solving equation (1) and (2)

P = 3 and E = 3 

∴ The cost of the eraser is 3 rupees

Mathematics is itself a language with its own symbols, words and rule of syntax. It is based on a certain set of assumptions and logic.

Every square is a rectangle but every rectangle is not square.

Some words from ordinary language, with precise mathematics meaning like difference, sum, add, multiply, power and so on.

Games play an important role in teaching and learning Mathematics at the primary level. The use of games and activities can make mathematics enjoyable. There are so many Mathematics games that sharpen one’s logical thinking.

• They provide an opportunity for the extension of concepts.
• Games are competitive interaction among participants to achieve pre-specified goals.
• Games are used variously as ice breakers, to introduce new concepts, for the consolidation of ideas, for removing drudgery from drill and for creating a positive and enthusiastic atmosphere in classrooms.
• It removes fear from the students about the concept learnt in mathematics.

Important Points

Advantages of using games in teaching-learning mathematics:

• Games provide parent-child interaction as well as opportunities for exploring ideas and more opportunities for communication and discussion that are normally available in the classroom.
• Games also help to stimulate the use of mathematical language, especially if this is pre-structured.
• Mathematics activities must be enjoyable, both so that the parents and children can relax while engaged in mathematical activity, and so the motivation to continue will be high. Games are highly motivating because the child is actively participating and is in control.
• It involves immediate feedback and an element of competition Games have well-defined limits and directions Games are meaningful experiences, somewhere between concrete reality and the abstract world Games can be used to consolidate classwork or to encourage and enable a child to extend his or her skills. 

Hence, we can conclude that games provide an opportunity for the extension of concepts.

Given:

Divisor = 342

Remainder = 47

Formula Used:

Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder

Calculation:

Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder

Case:1

Dividend = 342 × Quotient + 47

Case:2

Divisor = 18

Dividend = 47

342 is completely divisible by 18 and remainder when 

Remainder when 47 is divided by 18 = 11

Quotient = 2

Remainder = 11

∴ If the same number is divided by 18, the remainder will be 11

The correct option is 2 i.e. 11

Given:

Speed of a person = 9 km/h

Total journey = 243 km

Concept used:

Time = Distance/Speed

Explanation:

Time = 243/9 = 27 hours

∴ The time taken is 27 hours.

Learning Difficulties refers to a state when a person faces difficulty in learning. It may be due to physical limitations/disabilities such as - impairment in hearing, visual, low intellectual functioning, and inappropriate motor co-ordination.

Key Points

Diagnostic testing refers to the test which helps the teachers to know the learning difficulties or gaps in learner's understanding and identifying learner'అs strengths, weaknesses, skills, etc. 

Steps of Diagnostic Testing:

• Identifying students who are having trouble.
• Locating the errors and learning difficulties.

• Discovering the causal factors of slow learning.
• Removing learning difficulties through remedial teaching

Important Points 

The Purpose of Diagnostic Test in Mathematics:

• This test helps to know the gaps in children’s understanding.

• It is specially conducted for removing the learning difficulties of learners. 
• The diagnostic test enables the educator and students to recognize issues that they have with the subject.
• It is a comprehensive test that provides feedback to teachers and students on their strengths and weaknesses. 
• This test provides a way to identify the part which makes the child slow down in the learning process and provide appropriate feedback to the child.

Hence, from the above-mentioned points, it becomes clear that the process of locating and identifying the areas of learning difficulties leads to diagnostic testing.

Additional Information

Remedial Teaching:

• Remedial teaching refers to the method of teaching that helps the teacher to provide learners with the necessary help and guidance to overcome the problems which are determined through diagnosing them.

Achievement tests: 

• They are conducted to check or measure the acquired skill, knowledge, or information after the completion of a lesson/unit. It is an ability test that describes what a person has learned.

The weight of some bananas = 2 kg 365 gm 

The weight of some apples = 3 kg and 10 gm
Converting in grams:

Weight of bananas = 2365 grams

Weight of Apples = 3010 grams 

Subtract the weight of bananas from the weight of apples = 3010 - 2365 = 645 grams

∴ The weight of bananas is less than that of apples by 645 grams

Mathematics is a study of patterns, numbers, geometrical objects, data, and information. It deals with data analysis, integration of various fields of knowledge, deductive and inductive reasoning, and generalizations.

• The teaching of mathematics should be done in the way, in which a student learns the best i.e., following the child-centered approach by engaging students actively in the learning process.

Key Points

Language of Mathematics:

• Language of mathematics refers to the language used to express mathematical thought and ideas.
• It makes learners able to assimilate mathematical terms, to reason logically, and to recognize and employ patterns of mathematical thought.
• Mathematics is itself a language with its own symbols, words, and rules of syntax. It is symbolic, therefore it is seen generally that children find it difficult to understand maths.
• Mathematics and language are highly correlated because language helps in enabling learners to use precise language while talking about mathematical statements and using them.

Hence, it could be concluded that 'language of mathematics is symbolic in nature' is a correct statement.

The Analytical Method is a generic process combining the power of the Scientific Method with the use of a formal process to solve any type of problem. Analysis means breaking up into components.

• The use of the Analytical Method is critical to solving the sustainability problem because it appears that current processes are inadequate.
• They are intuitive, simple, and based on how activists approach everyday problems. 
• All scientifically based problem-solving approaches use the analytical method.
• It leads from conclusion to hypothesis.
• It proceeds from unknown to known. (opposite of synthetic method).
• Analytic statements are not considered as the statements of proofs for the problem. Rather analysis is considered as the means of discovering the proof.

Hence, we conclude that the analytic method is considered as the means of discovering the proof.

The correct answer is ‘Forests and Livelihoods: Sustaining People and Planet'.

Key Points

• Every year 3 March is celebrated as World Wildlife Day commemorating the day of the signing of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1973.
• The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) celebrated the day every year to raise awareness about global wildlife and plants.
• The theme of World Wildlife Day 2021 — Forests and Livelihoods: Sustaining People and Planet.
• Significance:-
  • This year's theme is to highlight the role of forests, forest species, and ecosystem services in sustaining the livelihood of millions of people at a global level and especially of the indigenous and local communities that have been associated with the forest for the longest of times.

• Mars is not a Jovian planet.
• The Jovian planets are the planet which basically consists of gases, there is no solid surface.
• They basically consist of hydrogen, helium gases or giant planet because of their size.
• The Jovian planets are Jupiter, Uranus, Saturn, and Neptune.
• These planets are much larger than the terrestrial planets.

The correct answer is Indore.

Key Points

• Indore city is known as the sports capital of Madhya Pradesh.
• Indore houses the headquarters of the Madhya Pradesh cricket association(MPCA). 
• Holkar stadium in Indore hosts international and IPL matches.
• It is the only stadium in M.P. which hosts test matches.
• The first ODI cricket match in the state was played in Indore at Nehru Stadium in 1983.

Additional Information

• Indore is known as the Commercial Capital of Madhya Pradesh.
• Indore was the capital of the Holkars.
• The largest and most densely populated city in central India.
• The city is popular for its history and monuments. 
• Rao Nandlal Chaudhary, the founder of the city, named it ‘Indrapur’ after Lord Indra, the deity of the Indreshwar temple.
• During the Maratha regime, the city was renamed ‘Indur’, which the local Marathi community continues to use.
• It was later Anglicised to ‘Indore’ during the British era. 

The role of the textbook and the teacher, the NCF 2005 emphasizes that learners formulate their own knowledge by connecting new ideas to existing ones on the basis of material/activities (experiences).

Key Points

The section on ‘Do this and find out is included in different topics in the EVS textbook to -

• In NCF 2005, the teaching-learning of EVS is visualized as including children’s interaction with real-life situations.
• Through, Do this and find out, children get actual engagement, hands-on experience, and reflections on day-to-day activities.
• This approach of learning is referred to as ‘Learning by doing’ which suggests that children actively construct their understanding or knowledge while directly interacting with their environment.
• In this approach children learn (construct new knowledge) by fitting new information together with what they already know, this helps build learning on what is known developing positive attitudes, values, and practices such as respect and care for all life on earth, compassion, caring for self and others, conservation of natural resources, appreciation of cooperative learning, sense of belonging, social responsibility, valuing culture, etc.

Hence, the section on ‘Do this and find out’ included in different topics in EVS textbooks aims at providing direct hands-on experiences.

The correct answer is Diesel, Petrol, CNG.

Key Points

• Both petrol and diesel are derived from crude oil, a mixture of hundreds of hydrocarbons, petrol being lighter.
• Petrol has only carbon and hydrogen, and very few nitrogen atoms. It typically has chains of 9 carbon atoms while diesel mostly comprises chains of 14 carbon atoms.
• Because of long carbon chains, diesel packs more energy per unit volume compared to petrol.

Important Points

• Difference between CNG and LPG are -

प्रस्तुत गद्यांश में लेखक का "नए उठनेवाले मकान का शिल्प अशुभ संकेत दे रहा है" से ये अभिप्राय है  व्यक्ति समष्टि से हटकर व्यक्तिकता की तरफ जा रहा है।  Key Points

• नए उठनेवाले मकान का शिल्प अशुभ संकेत दे रहा है।
• पुराने मकान का छंद, चाहे छोटे हों या बड़े, माटी के हों या पक्के, आँगन और ओसारे से समृद्ध होता था।
• नगर शिल्पवाले मकान में आँगन सिकुड़ गया है और लंबे ओसारे को खुशनुमा ड्राइंग रूप में रूपांतरित कर दिया गया है।  

Additional Information

घर 

• परिभाषा - मनुष्यों द्वारा छाया हुआ वह स्थान, जो दीवारों से घेरकर रहने के लिए बनाया जाता है
• वाक्य में प्रयोग - मेरे घर की खिड़की से बहुत अच्छा दृश्य दिखाई देता है ।
• बहुवचन - घर
• समानार्थी शब्द - मकान , गृह , सदन , आलय
• लिंग - पुल्लिंग
• संज्ञा के प्रकार - जातिवाचक

शिल्प

• परिभाषा - कला संबंधी वह कर्म जिसके संपादन के लिए ज्ञान के अतिरिक्त कौशल और अभ्यास की आवश्यकता हो
• वाक्य में प्रयोग - कलाकारी सबके बस की बात नहीं ।
• समानार्थी शब्द - कलाकारी , कला , कला कर्म , शिल्पकारी
• लिंग - पुल्लिंग

"ओसारे' को अतिथि कक्ष कहा गया है ।

Key Points

आँगन

• परिभाषा - घर के बीच का खुला भाग।
• वाक्य में प्रयोग - बच्चे आँगन में खेल रहे हैं ।
• बहुवचन - आँगन।
• समानार्थी शब्द - अंगना , प्रांगण।
• लिंग - पुल्लिंग।
• संज्ञा के प्रकार - जातिवाचक।

कमरा

• परिभाषा - चारों ओर से दीवारों से घिरा और छाया हुआ मकान आदि का छोटा हिस्सा।
• वाक्य में प्रयोग - मेरा कमरा दूसरी मंज़िल पर है।
• बहुवचन - कमरे।
• समानार्थी शब्द - कक्ष , घर , रूम , सेल।
• लिंग - पुल्लिंग।
• संज्ञा के प्रकार - जातिवाचक।
• गणनीयता - गणनीय।

अतिथि कक्ष

• परिभाषा - घर में अतिथियों के ठहरने और सेवा-सत्कार के लिए उपयोग में आनेवाला कमरा।
• वाक्य में प्रयोग - कैलाश अतिथि कक्ष में अपने मेहमानों के साथ बैठा हुआ है ।
• समानार्थी शब्द - मेहमान ख़ाना , गैस्टरूम।
• लिंग - पुल्लिंग।

लेखक के अनुसार गाँव की शोभा तब  बिला जाएगी जब  आँगनविहीन नगर शैली के मकानों से जब गाँव की शोभा बदल जाएगी। 

Key Points

• नए उठनेवाले मकान का शिल्प अशुभ संकेत दे रहा है।
• पुराने मकान का छंद, चाहे छोटे हों या बड़े, माटी के हों या पक्के, आँगन और ओसारे से समृद्ध होता था।
• नगर शिल्पवाले मकान में आँगन सिकुड़ गया है  

Additional Information

आँगन

• परिभाषा - घर के बीच का खुला भाग
• वाक्य में प्रयोग - बच्चे आँगन में खेल रहे हैं ।
• बहुवचन - आँगन
• समानार्थी शब्द - अंगना , प्रांगण
• लिंग - पुल्लिंग
• संज्ञा के प्रकार - जातिवाचक

विहीन

• परिभाषा - किसी वस्तु, गुण आदि से खाली या हीन
  वाक्य में प्रयोग - बटन रहित कोट मत पहनो। / बिना बटन का कोट मत पहनो।
  समानार्थी शब्द - रहित , बिना , बग़ैर
  विशेषण के प्रकार - गुणवाचक

शब्द 'प्रत्युष' का समानार्थी शब्द है-प्रातः काल 

 Key Points

प्रतिदिन 

• परिभाषा - एक भी दिन नागा किए बिना
• वाक्य में प्रयोग - वह प्रतिदिन पूजा करती है।
• समानार्थी शब्द - रोज़ , हर दिन , रोज़मर्रा , दैनंदिन
• क्रिया विशेषण के प्रकार - कालवाचक
• मूल शब्द - दिन
• उपसर्ग - प्रति

दिन 

• परिभाषा - सप्ताह का कोई दिन
• वाक्य में प्रयोग - सोमवार सप्ताह का प्रथम दिन है ।
• समानार्थी शब्द - वार , दिवस
• लिंग - पुल्लिंग

संध्या 

• परिभाषा - वह समय जब दिन का अंत और रात का आरंभ होने को होता है
• वाक्य में प्रयोग - शाम होने से पहले ही घर आ जाना चाहिए। / सांझ होने से पहले ही घर आ जाना चाहिए।
• समानार्थी शब्द - साँझ , शाम
• विलोम शब्द - सुबह , प्रभात काल
• लिंग - स्त्रीलिंग

A multilingual classroom refers to the classroom where the pupils speak various languages. 

• Multilingual classrooms are considered the biggest challenge for English language teachers and students not only in India but also in other parts of the world.
• The teachers and the students face a number of problems due to the different local languages spoken by the students in the classrooms.
• Multilingual classrooms are not easy to handle and sometimes it becomes very difficult for the English teachers to cope with the challenges. 

Important Points

Challenges faced by the teacher in a multilingual setting are as follows:

• Different cultural experiences of the pupils'- The teacher can use culture experiences as a base to introduce class topics like- festivals or food vocabulary or otherwise stimulate the class with new perspectives. But, in a multilingual classroom, pupils are from different regions and cultures which is a disadvantage for the teacher.
• Absence of common language- Pupils' in a multilingual classroom can't talk in their first language or ask their classmate to clarify a grammar point or define a vocabulary word in their mother tongue. 
• Pupils' have different learning styles- Learning styles differ from individual to individual.
• Pupils' are dependent on the teacher- Many times, pupils' automatically look to the teacher for correct answers instead of trying themselves. If the teacher obliges them with the answer each time, it can become a detrimental problem.

From the above, we can conclude that different cultural experiences of the pupils' is the challenge faced by the teacher in a multilingual classroom.

Additional Information

• Multilingualism refers to the ability of a learner to communicate effectively in three or more languages.
• To manage a multilingual class a teacher has to prepare some contextual teaching-learning material, such as picture storybook, alphabet chart, Word Web, Multilingual dictionary, Total Physical Response (TPR) in a second language, etc.

The correct answer is 'It increases the tension.'

Key Points

• The second paragraph of the passage says ''Adolescents are faced with the demands of their developmental tasks and that of a complex society. They need to acquire skills of adjustment to emerge into adulthood unaffected by these demands. If they lack these skills or if too many demands are made on them, they fail.''
• Hobbies bring a sense of fun and freedom to life that can help to minimize the impact of chronic stress.
• From the above sentences, we can say that hobby does not increase the tension or it helps in minimizing the tension.
  Hence, the only possible answer is option 3.

The correct answer is '7 - 8 hours a day.'

Key Points

• The eighth sentence of the last paragraph of the passage says ''Seven to eight hours of sleep is necessary for optimal physical rest and brain functioning.''
• From the above sentence, we can say that sleeping for 7 - 8 hours a day helps the brain to function properly.
  Hence, the only possible answer is option 2.