RRB Staff Nurse Mock Test - 4 - RRB NTPC/ASM/CA/TA MCQ

As the length of the column grows longer, the entire protein band widens as it passes through it. Individual proteins eventually separate from one another, generating bands within the larger protein and this separation grows as the column lengthens.

Freud championed psychodynamic psychology.

Psychodynamic psychology is the psychology of mental or emotional forces or processes developing especially in early childhood and their effects on behavior and mental states. In psychology, a psychodynamic theory is a view that explains personality in terms of conscious and unconscious forces, such as unconscious desires and beliefs.

A rider uses a Rein to guide a Horse;

A pilog uses the control panel to guide a plane.

All are plasma proteins found in the blood, except Myosin.

Globulin, Albumin, and Fibrinogen are plasma proteins found in the blood.

• H-zone of striated muscle fiber contains only thick filaments called myosin.
• Myosins are motor proteins that interact with actin filaments and couple hydrolysis of ATP to conformational changes that result in the movement of myosin and an actin filament relative to each other.
• Myosin I and myosin II are the most abundant and thoroughly studied of the myosin proteins and are present in nearly all eukaryotic cells.
• Myosins I and V are associated with cytoskeleton-membrane interactions such as the transport of membrane vesicles.
• Myosin II powers muscle contraction and cytokinesis.​

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are lipid-lowering medications used in the primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. This activity reviews the indications, contraindications, and mechanism of action of statins for the management of coronary heart disease and familial dyslipidemias.

Surgical instruments are generally sterilized using autoclave.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) results from an excessive accumulation of Ketone bodies from fat metabolism.

The ketone bodies beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate are produced in the body as a byproduct of fat metabolism. Essentially ketone bodies are formed in the body when there is an excess of fatty acids available.

The main function of prostate is secretion of alkaline muscus.

The main function of the prostate gland is to secrete an alkaline fluid that comprises approximately 70% of the seminal volume. The alkaline fluid in the ejaculate results in liquefaction of the seminal plug and helps to neutralize the acidic vaginal environment.

A bleeding disorder characterized by deficiency of factor VIII and IX is termed as hemophilia.

• Hemophilia is an inherited genetic disorder that impairs coagulation.
• There are mainly two types of hemophilia.
• Hemophilia A results from a deficiency of clotting factor 8 and Hemophilia B results from the deficiency of clotting factor 10.
• Factor 8 is known as an anti-hemophilic factor and factor 10 is known as the eponym Stuart–Prower factor.
• In hemophilia B (factor IX deficiency), the body doesn't make enough factor IX (factor 9), one of the substances the body needs to form a clot.
  

Strand separation causes topological stress in the helical DNA structure, which topoisomerases can alleviate.

Topoisomerases are enzymes that temporarily break the strands of DNA, relieving the tension caused by unwinding the two strands of the DNA helix; topoisomerases (including DNA gyrase) achieve this by adding negative supercoils to the DNA helix.

The best way to decrease the risk of transferring pathogens to a patient when removing contaminated gloves is to gently pull just below the cuff and invert the gloves when removing them.

Turning the gloves inside out while removing them keeps all contaminants inside the gloves. They should then be placed in a plastic bag with soiled dressings and discarded in a soiled utility room garbage pail (double bagged). The other choices can spread pathogens within the environment.

• Hydronephrosis is a condition of excess urine accumulation in the kidney(s) that causes swelling of the kidneys. This causes pain during urination, nausea, and vomiting.
• Laser lithotripsy is a procedure to break apart kidney stones in the urinary tract. It is done with a scope that can be passed into the tubes of the urinary tract.
• Kegel exercise, also known as pelvic-floor exercise, involves repeatedly contracting and relaxing the muscles that form part of the pelvic floor, sometimes referred to as the "Kegel muscles.
• An ileal conduit urinary diversion is one of various surgical techniques for urinary diversion.

The invaginations of the sarcolemma of muscle cells are known as transverse tubules.

Transverse-tubules are invaginations of the sarcolemma, extending into the interior of the muscle fiber as the sarcotubular system. Depolarization of the sarcolemma is propagated throughout the interior of the muscle fiber through this system.

Phrenologists tried to find out the personality of someone by feeling a person's skull.

Phrenology is the study of the shape and size of people's head in order to find out the abilities and character. Phrenologists are those who claim to be able to read the character from the shape of a skull. Phrenology is a pseudoscience which involves the measurement of bumps on the skull to predict mental traits.

Whole grain cereal should be avoided by the patient.

When administering levodopa, the patient should avoid excessive intake of foods rich in pyridoxine (vitamin B6) which has been found to reduce the effects of levodopa. Large amounts of pyridoxine are also contained in some foods such as bananas, egg yolks, lima beans, meats, peanuts, and whole-grain cereals.

When creating a teaching program for the parents of Jessica who is diagnosed with pulmonic stenosis (PS), Nurse Alex would keep in mind that this disorder involves the Obstruction of blood flow from the right ventricle.

Pulmonic stenosis is a defect of the pulmonic valve in which the valve is stiffened, causing an obstruction to flow. This disease is typically congenital, benign, and diagnosed in pediatric patients with potentially curative treatments.

Like DNA replication in an organism, PCR requires a DNA polymerase enzyme that makes new strands of DNA, using existing strands as templates. The DNA polymerase typically used in PCR is called Taq polymerase.

According to N.L. Munn, “Personality may be defined as the most characteristic integration of an individual’s structure modes of behaviour, interests, attitudes, capacities, abilities and aptitudes.” Personality is a patterned body of habits, traits, attitudes and ideas of an individual, as these are organized externally into roles and statuses, and as they relate internally to motivation, goals, and various aspects of selfhood.

Drugs and drug metabolites with molecular weights higher than 300 may be excreted via the bile, stored in the gallbladder, delivered to the intestines by the bile duct, and then reabsorbed into the circulation. Enterohepatic cycling process reduces the elimination of drugs and prolongs their half-life and duration of action in the body.

The father of genetics is called " Johan Gregor Mendel".

Johan Gregor Mendel discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance through his work on pea plants. They concluded that genes come in a pair and are each inherited from the parents as separate units. Mendel tracked the segregation of parental genes and their presence in the offspring as dominant or recessive traits.

Mendel's 3 laws are:

• law of dissociation
• Law of purity of gametes
• law of independent matrices

Blood in the upper GI tract is black and tarry. Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a symptom of a disorder in the digestive tract. The blood often appears in stool or vomit but isn’t always visible, though it may cause the stool to look black or tarry. The level of bleeding can range from mild to severe and can be life-threatening.

IP3 is an intracellular second messenger.

Together with diacylglycerol (DAG), IP3 is a second messenger molecule used in signal transduction in biological cells. When IP3 binds its receptor, calcium is released into the cytosol, thereby activating various calcium-regulated intracellular signals.

Naphthalene balls that are used to repel moths and other insects are obtained from coal tar.

• Naphthalene, a toxic white solid with a strong odour, is commonly used as a moth repellent.
• The gases found in coal gas are combustible.
• Naphthalene can be made from coal tar or petroleum.
• The most common method of production is coal tar distillation and fractionation.
• The naphthalene is then fractionated, decolorized, and crystallised to purify it.
• Bitumen, a petroleum product, is now used for metalling the roads instead of coal tar.
• Petroleum-derived naphthalene is approximately 99 percent pure.
• Naphthalene is a type of aromatic hydrocarbon found in coal tar or crude oil.
• Naphthalene is a chemical that is used in the production of plastics, resins, fuels, and dyes.
• It is also used as a fumigant insecticide, which works by converting a solid into a toxic vapor.

Malleability is the ability of a metal to be hammered into thin sheets. Gold and silver are highly malleable. When a piece of iron is hammered it takes the shape of a sheet. This property is not seen in non metals.

Sweat glands are exocrine glands and are present in the skin. These glands produce sweat through a duct wart. There are two main types of sweat glands which differ in their structure, function, secretory products, mechanism of excretion, etc. These are - eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands.

In both types of sweat glands, the secretory coils are surrounded by contractile myoepithelial cells that function to facilitate the excretion of the secretory product.

The amount of drug that reaches the systemic circulation is known as systemic bioavailability. The bioavailable fraction F refers to the fraction of administered dose that enters the systemic circulation after drug administration. The equation is .

‘Chaitya’ in Buddhist architecture refers to a prayer hall. The word chaitya has its roots in sanskrit 'chita' which means a pile of ashes. It refers to a space with a stupa and a rounded apse at the end opposite the entrance, and a high roof with a rounded shape.

Anushilan Samiti was a Bengali Indian organization that existed in the first quarter of the twentieth century, and propounded revolutionary violence as the means for ending British rule in India. It was founded by Satish Chandra Basu. By 1902, Calcutta had three societies working under the umbrella of Anushilan Samity.

Tara is an 11-year-old girl diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). She asks her attending nurse why she can’t take a pill rather than shots like her grandmother does. "Your body does not make insulin, so the insulin injections help to replace it" would be the nurse’s best reply.

The child has type 1 DM, indicating a lack of functioning pancreatic beta cells and an absolute insulin deficiency. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition that leads to the destruction of pancreatic beta cells which in turn causes insufficient insulin production, resulting in hyperglycemia. Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease requiring insulin replacement and intensive effort by the patient.

Given,

After replacing the symbols by their meaning, we get