SSC Stenographer Mock Test - 7 - SSC Stenographer MCQ

The logic followed here is:
'FLOWER' is written as 'IVDLOU'

'CLEANS' is written as 'HMZVOX'

Similarly, for 'PROFIT'

So, 'PROFIT' will be written as 'GRULIK'.
Hence, the correct answer is "Option B".

(1) Q sits second to the right of L.

(2) Three people sit between O and P.

(3) P is neither adjacent to Q nor L.

(4) K and J are immediate neighbors.

(5) K sits opposite M who is not an immediate neighbor of L.

Thus, the final arrangement is as follows:

Hence, Q sits opposite J.

Given:

Sandeep starts walking towards the north from a point and walks 30 m.

He turns to the right and walks 30 m.

He turns to the left and walks 20 m.

He turns to the left and walks 30 m.

Finally, he turns to the left and walks 30 m.

Based on the given conditions, we get the direction distance diagram as follows-

Therefore, we see that he is 20 m away from his starting point at present.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option A".

According to the given information,

1) Ashok, who faces the center, sits third to the right of Feroz.

2) Eshwar, who faces the center, is not an immediate neighbour of Feroz.

3) Dinesh sits second to the right of Binay.

4) Binay faces the center.

5) Chandar is not an immediate neighbour of Ashok.

6) Only one person sits between Feroz and Gangesh.

Here, we can see that Eshwar is third to the left of Feroz.

Hence, the correct answer is "Third to the left".

The direction and distance diagram as per the given information:

The endpoint is in the South, 5 km away from the starting point.

Hence, the correct answer is "5 km, south".

Given Statements:

All apples are pineapples.

Some apples are mangoes.

No mango is a grape.

The least possible Venn diagram for the given statement is:

Conclusions:

I. Some pineapples are not grapes - True (All apples are pineapples, some apples are mangoes and no mango is a grape implies that some pineapples are not grapes)

II. No pineapple is a grape - False (Because, No definite relation is given between pineapple and grape, so it can be possible only)

III. Some apples are not grapes - True (Some apples are mangoes and no mango is a grape implies that some apples are not grapes)

So, Only conclusions I and III follow.

Hence, the correct answer is "Option A".

The correct answer is Slash and burn.
Key Points:

• Shifting cultivation is also known as “slash and burn” agriculture.
• Shifting cultivation is practiced in the thickly forested areas of the Amazon basin, tropical Africa, parts of Southeast Asia, and Northeast India.

• Jhum cultivation is popular as shifting cultivation.
• Shifting cultivation is not only an age-old agricultural practice but also intrinsically related to the culture and identity of those practicing it.
  • Such an approach does not aim to make a profit from the agricultural surplus, judiciously used natural resources, and forests.
• Agricultural practice such as jhumming or shifting cultivation is based on the Asiatic mode of production.
• Shifting cultivation in the northeast region is a complex system of cultivation with a wide variation that depends upon the ecological variation in the area and cultural diversity among various tribal communities.
• Shifting cultivation has been considered by many as ecologically destructive.
  • They are referred to as the scourge of forests and the practice of shifting cultivation is looked upon as a major cause of soil erosion.
• Shifting cultivation is also held responsible for causing floods in the plains since topsoil erosion affects the valleys and results in the sedimentation of river beds.

Important Points:
List of local names of shifting cultivation:

Additional Information:

Dry Farming:

• Dryland farming or rainfed farming is the technique of doing agriculture without irrigation.
• Crops are grown without irrigation by accumulating the limited moisture available under them.
• Due to the lack of rainfall, constant efforts are made to maintain and increase the moisture content of the soil.
• Features of dry agriculture are that it is cultivated in those areas where there is a lack of moisture for about 8 months in a year.
• Jaisalmer and Barmer region of Rajasthan receives less than annual rainfall of about 20 cm.
• Water scarcity is a permanent problem in these areas.

Terrace farming:

• It is a method of soil conservation that is practised on hilly terrain.
• On steep slopes of a hill, broad flat steps or terraces are built so that level surfaces can be used to cultivate crops.
• They reduce surface runoff and soil erosion.

The correct answer is India Today.
In News

• India Today Group's AI news anchor, Sana, won the 2024 Global Media Award for AI-led newsroom transformation.

Key Points

• The award recognizes India Today Group's innovative use of AI technology in its newsroom.
• Sana is hailed as India's first AI anchor, introduced by the India Today Group in 2023.
• The International News Media Association (INMA) selected India Today Group as the best in South Asia for AI-led newsroom transformation.
• Sana's recognition reflects the company's commitment to leveraging AI for enhancing customer-facing products.
• The award underscores the importance of innovative approaches in the media industry amidst ongoing disruptions and challenges.

The correct answer is Uttar Pradesh.

Key Points

• The first delta rankings of Aspirational Blocks Programme (ABP) announced by NITI Aayog.
• The second position was bagged by Kaushambi block of Kaushambi District, Uttar Pradesh.
• The rankings were announced in a virtual event at NITI Aayog which saw participation of 329 districts and 500 aspirational blocks from across the country.

Additional Information

• The ranking of the blocks has been calculated on the basis of performance of blocks and progress achieved in the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in the month of June, 2023.
• Ranking the blocks based on KPIs is a core strategy of the Programme based on the spirit of competitive and cooperative federalism.
• This is the first time that the ranking of blocks has been calculated as part of the Aspirational Blocks Programme.

The correct answer is Magnesium.

Key Points

• The odd one out is Magnesium. Lithium, sodium, and potassium are all alkali metals, which are characterized by having a single valence electron in their outermost shell. This gives them similar chemical properties, such as high reactivity and low electronegativity.
• Magnesium, on the other hand, is an alkaline earth metal, which means it has two valence electrons in its outermost shell. This makes it less reactive and more electronegative than the alkali metals.
• 

The correct answer is Bhupesh Baghel.

Key Points

• Bhupesh Baghel:-
  • He is the third Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh, India.
  • As of January 2023, Bhupesh Baghel is the Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh. He has been serving in this position since December 2018.
  • He is a member of the Indian National Congress (INC).
  • He was born on August 23, 1961, in Durg, Chhattisgarh.
  • He has a Bachelor of Arts degree from Durg College and a Master of Arts degree in Political Science from Ravishankar Shukla University in Raipur.
  • Baghel began his political career in the 1980s with the Indian Youth Congress.
  • He was elected to the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly for the first time in 1993.
  • He served as Minister of Transport in the Madhya Pradesh government from 1999 to 2003.

Additional Information

• Bhupendra Patel:-
  • He is a politician from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) who has served as the 17th and current Chief Minister of Gujarat since 2021.
  • He is a member of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly and has represented the Ghatlodia constituency since 2017.
• Raman Singh:-
  • He is a politician from the Indian National Congress (INC) who served as the 13th Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh from 2003 to 2018.
  • He is a member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly and has represented the Jabalpur East constituency since 1984.
• Ashok Gehlot:-
  • He is a politician from the INC who has served as the 15th and current Chief Minister of Rajasthan since 2018.
  • He is a member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly and has represented the Sardarpura constituency since 1998.

Important PointsVishnu Deo Sai is the current CM of Chhattisgarh. (June 2024)

The correct answer is 1 - c, 2 - b, 3 - a.

Key Points

• Gujarat:
  • The percentage of the population below the poverty line in Gujarat is 16.63%.
  • This relatively higher percentage indicates that despite being a developed state in many areas, Gujarat still had a significant portion of its population living below the poverty line during the period of 2011-12.
• Haryana:
  • Haryana had 11.16% of its population below the poverty line.
  • This percentage reflects Haryana's economic condition, where a moderate portion of the population was struggling with poverty during the given period.
• Himachal Pradesh:
  • Himachal Pradesh had the lowest percentage among the three states, with 8.06% of its population below the poverty line.
  • This indicates that Himachal Pradesh had a relatively smaller proportion of its population living in poverty compared to Gujarat and Haryana during 2011-12.

The correct answer is Odissi.

Key Points

• Kelucharan Mohapatra:-
  • He was an Indian classical dancer, guru, and exponent of Odissi dance, who is credited with the revival and popularizing of this classical dance form in the 20th century.
  • Mohapatra was immersed in the arts from an early age. He began his dance training under Guru Pankaj Charan Das at the age of seven and later studied with other renowned Odissi masters.
  • Mohapatra's contributions to Odissi dance were significant. He expanded the dance's repertoire by incorporating elements from ancient texts and sculptures, and he refined its technique and expression.
  • He also played a key role in bringing Odissi to a wider audience, both domestically and internationally. His performances were praised for their grace, energy, and spirituality.

Additional Information 8 classical dance forms of India:

The correct answer is Nadir Shah.

Key Points

• Nadir Shah took away the famous Koh-i-Noor diamond and Shah Jahan's jewel-studded Peacock Throne.
• In 1739, The Kohinoor, mounted at the head of one of the peacocks on Shah Jahan's Peacock Throne, left India and the Mughal treasury when Nader Shah carved the Peacock Throne out of the Delhi Cloth.
• He carries the Kohinoor to his native Iran, along with the treasury of eight generations of Mughals.
• The Peacock Throne, along with other Mughal jewels, is then on display at Herat.
• Ahmad Khan Abdali, Nader Shah's most loyal and senior Afghan general, is gifted with the Kohinoor diamond and the Timur Ruby, both of which Nader Shah stripped from the Peacock Throne, the first lady of Nader Shah's harem as a reward for protecting the harem and overpowering the renegade looters in the aftermath of the assassination.
• Ahmad Khan Abdali, who then continues to wear the Kohinoor in a bracelet, leaves for Kandahar, taking the Kohinoor with him.
• Nadir Shah was one of Iran's most powerful rulers in Iranian history, reigning as Shah of Iran (Persia) from 1736 to 1747 when he was assassinated during an uprising.

Additional Information

• Muhammad Shah:
  • He was an ineffective, pleasure-seeking Mughal emperor of India.
  • Due to his pleasure-loving attitude, he was also called Rangila.
  • His name was Roshan Akhtar.
• Maharaja Ranjit Singh:
  • He is known for uniting the various Sikh factions into one prosperous empire.
  • He expanded his empire by annexing states around him. The Sikh Empire existed
    from 1799 till 1849.
  • The major towns in Ranjit Singh's empire were Lahore, Amritsar, Multan, Peshawar, Jammu, Srinagar, Rawalpindi, and Sialkot.
  • Ranjit Singh was declared the 'Maharaja of Punjab' on 12 April 1801.
  • Ranjit Singh's army was known as the Khalsa army.
  • Ranjit Singh, renowned as Sher-e-Punjab (Lion of Punjab), is remembered for the
    possession of the Koh-i-Noor diamond.
  • Maharaja Ranjit Singh is well-known for the golden beautification of the Harmandir Sahib Gurdwara in Amritsar, famously known as the Golden Temple.
• Shah Alam II:
  • He is popularly known as 'Ali Gauhar', was defeated in the Battle of Buxar.
  • Shah Alam II, born Ali Gauhar was the seventeenth Mughal Emperor and the son of Alamgir II.
  • Shah Alam II became the emperor of a crumbling Mughal empire.
  • He was popularly known as Shahi-i- Bekhabar by Khafi Khan due to his appeasement parties by grants of title and rewards.
  • Shah Alam also penned the famous book Ajaib-ul-Qasas which is considered one of the earliest and prominent books of prose in Urdu.

The correct answer is She will be told later by Manu.

Key Points

• In the passive voice of simple future tense, the auxiliary verb shall / will is used with be and past participle of a verb.
• The object of the sentence becomes the subject.
• Here action will be done on the object in the future.
• Formation:
  • Active: Subject + will/shall + V1 + object.
  • Passive: Object + will/shall + be + V3 + by + subject.
• Thus, the correct passive form of the given sentence is option 3.

The correct answer is Option (A).
Key Points

• In Active Voice, a sentence emphasizes the subject performing an action.
• In Passive Voice, a sentence emphasizes the action or the object of the sentence.
• The given sentence is in the passive voice and "A batch of cookies" is the subject and 'her' is the object.
• When we convert this sentence into active voice:
  • The subject "A batch of cookies" of the passive voice becomes the object, and the object 'her' becomes the subject.
  • 'her' is converted into 'She' for the subjective case. 'By' will be removed.
• The sentence is in the Simple past tense.
• The passive format "was + baked(V3)" is used and the active format "baked(V2)" should be used.
• This is the active and passive voice rule for the Simple past tense.

Hence, the correct active voice is "She baked a batch of cookies for the party.
"Important Points

• In voice change, TENSE will never change.

The correct answer is Option A.
Key Points

• Let's understand the reason for chosen option:
  • Being attended: It is used to show the presence or pay attention to something/someone.
  • Being attended to is incorrect, instead, with 'being attended' only 'by' would make sense.
  • Rest all other given sentence are correct with the usage of preposition.
• The grammatically and contextually correct sentence is 'The patient is being attended by the nurse.'

The complete sentence is: 'The patient is being attended by the nurse.'

The correct answer is 'Violent'.

Key Points

• The word 'Frantic' in English typically means wildly excited or uncontrolled due to fear, anxiety, or other strong emotion (व्याकुल).
  • Example: The frantic mother searched everywhere for her lost child.
• The term 'Violent', which is the correct answer, is often used to describe actions that are dangerously forceful or intense, akin to the uncontrolled movements of someone frantic (हिंसक).
  • Example: The violent storm kept everyone inside their homes.

Therefore, the correct answer is- 'Violent'.

Additional Information

• 'Gentle' means calm, kind, or soft; not severe or violent (शांत).
• 'Lazy' means unwilling to work or use energy (आलसी).
• 'Loyal' means giving or showing firm and constant support or allegiance to a person or institution (निष्ठावान).

Here the correct answer is A paper is written by him every weekend.
Key Points

• The above-given sentence is in the active voice. We need to change it into passive voice.
• Let's look at the conversion:-
  • The subject 'He' becomes the object 'him' of the passive voice.
  • The object 'a paper' becomes the subject of the passive voice.
  • Simple present tense changes in the following manner:-
  • Active Voice - (do/does + V1) or (V1 s/es)
  • Passive Voice - is/am/are + V3​
  • The simple present tense changes according to the above-mentioned structure.
• Thus, the correct answer is Option A.

Therefore, the correct passive voice is A paper is written by him every weekend.
Additional Information

• When we convert active voice to passive voice, three things need to be kept in mind:-
  • Change object into subject.
  • Change subject into object.
  • Always use the third form of the verb in the passive voice.
  • Use 'by' before the new object.

The correct answer is Option A i.e. in whispers.
Key Points

• The sentence "They conversed ___ whispers to avoid being overheard." is correctly completed with the preposition "in," indicating the manner in which they conversed.
• The phrase "in whispers" suggests a quiet, secretive mode of communication, suitable for situations where discretion is desired.
• The other options "with," "by," and "through" do not correctly convey the intended meaning of conversing in a low, quiet manner.
• Understanding the preposition "in" in this context helps to clarify that the conversation was carried out quietly to prevent others from hearing.

Therefore, the correct answer is- in whispers.
Additional Information

• The preposition "in" is often used to indicate the manner or way in which something is done, fitting perfectly in the context of this sentence.
• Conversing "in whispers" is a strategy to ensure privacy and avoid attracting attention or being overheard by unintended listeners.

The correct answer is: speaks his mind.
Key Points

• The idiom "speaks his mind" means to express one's honest and direct opinions or thoughts. (किसी की ईमानदार और सीधी राय या विचार व्यक्त करना)
  • Example: Even in a room full of dissenting voices, John always speaks his mind, never hesitating to share his honest and straightforward opinions on any topic.
• This idiom is often used to describe someone who is frank and straightforward in their communication.
• In the given sentence, the phrase "speaks his eye" is incorrect and does not make sense in English.
• The correct phrase "speaks his mind" fits well in the sentence and conveys the intended meaning.
• Grammatically, "speaks his mind" is a verb phrase consisting of the verb "speaks" and the noun phrase "his mind."

Thus, the correct answer is option C.

The correct answer is "B"
Key Points

• There is an error in part (b). The correct phrase should be: "reviewing material shortly after learning it."
• The word "materialistic" should be replaced with the word "material" because it is the correct noun that refers to the substance or substances out of which a thing is made or can be made.
• The word "materialistic" is an adjective that means "concerned with material possessions or with the acquiring of wealth," which does not fit the meaning of the sentence in this context.
• The phrase "reviewing material shortly after learning it" refers to reviewing the substance or substances that are being learned, so the noun "material" is appropriate.

Thus, option B is the correct answer.
Correct sentence: This study technique involves reviewing material shortly after learning it in order to improve retention.

The correct answer is- 'published.'

Key Points

• Let us see the meanings of the given options:
  • Decided: to think about two or more possibilities and choose one of them. (दो या अधिक विकल्‍पों पर विचार कर एक का चयन करना)
  • Overburdened: give (someone) more work or pressure than they can deal with. ((किसी को) उससे अधिक काम या दबाव देना जिससे वे निपट सकते हैं)
  • Published: to make information available to people, especially in a book, magazine, or newspaper, or to produce and sell a book, magazine, or newspaper. ((पुस्‍तक, पत्रिका आदि को) प्रकाशित करना)
  • Declared: to state something publicly and officially or to make something known in a firm, clear way. ((कोई बात) सार्वजनिक और आधिकारिक रूप से घोषित करना, (किसी बात की) घोषणा करना)
• Here, we are talking about the publication of the map.
• The option "published" is correct in this context.
• Correct paragraph:
  China has ______ (1) ______ a new comprehensive geologic map of the moon, the "most detailed" to date, which is expected to ______ (2) ______ a vital contribution to scientific research, exploration and landing site selection on the Earth's only natural satellite. Chinese scientists ______ (3) ______ multiple research institutes and universities have ______ (4) ______ the high-resolution topographic map based on data from China's lunar exploration Chang'e project and other data and research findings from international organisations, the state-run China Global Television Network (CGTN) reported on Wednesday. The new comprehensive geologic map of the moon is to a scale of 1:2,500,000, the "most detailed to date", the report said. The map ______ (5) ______ 12,341 impact craters, 81 impact basins, 17 rock types and 14 types of structures, providing abundant information about the geology of the moon and its evolution. It is expected to make a great contribution to scientific research, exploration and landing site selection ______ (6) ______ the moon. The Institute of Geochemistry ______ (7) ______ the Chinese Academy of Sciences has led the ______ (8) ______, along with other organizations ______ (9) ______ the Chinese Academy of Geological Science, China University of Geosciences and Shandong University. The map was published by Science Bulletin on May 30.

Additional Information

• Let us see the antonym of the given words:
  • Failure: Success
  • Desire: Unwanted

The correct answer is "of one other".

Key Points

• The error in the sentence is in the phrase "of one other".
• The correct phrase should be "of each other" when referring to mutual support or actions between two or more parties.
• "Each other" is used when two entities are involved, and "one another" is traditionally used for more than two, but the sentence indicates a general situation implying two or more people supporting each other during crises, hence "each other" or "one another" could fit, but not "one other".
• The error changes the meaning of the sentence by making it grammatically incorrect and causing confusion about the intended message of mutual support.
• The corrected sentence would read: "We must take care of each other in times of crisis." ensuring clarity and correctness in conveying the importance of mutual support during difficult times.
• Therefore, the correct answer is "Option 4".

Additional Information

• We must - This segment sets the tone for imperative or strong advice, suggesting an action that needs to be taken.
  • It is grammatically correct.
• take care - This phrase is correctly used in this context to imply looking after or supporting one another.
  • It stands as a common expression for showing concern and kindness.
• in times of crisis - Refers to periods of difficulty or emergency.
  • This segment correctly indicates when the action of taking care of one another is especially emphasized.

The correct answer is 'Rahul says that he goes to the gym daily.' Key Points

• The given sentence is in Direct Speech. As per the given question, we have to change it into Indirect Speech.
• The given question is an assertive sentence and in the simple present tense.
• The process of conversion is as follows:
  • The conjunction 'that' will be added and comma and inverted commas will be removed.
  • Reporting speech is in the simple present tense. Hence tense will not be changed.
  • 'I' will be changed into 'he' because the first-person pronouns are changed according to the subject of the reporting verb.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Rahul says that he goes to the gym daily."

The correct answer is 'They provide opportunities to learn from home'.
Key Points

The passage states, "Online learning platforms have also gained popularity, allowing individuals to acquire new skills and knowledge from the comfort of their homes." This line explicitly mentions that one advantage of online learning platforms is that they enable individuals to learn from the convenience and comfort of their own homes. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.

Let's see why other options are incorrect:

• Incorrect (Option A): "They are only accessible to a select few." This option contradicts the passage, which mentions that online learning platforms have gained popularity, suggesting they are accessible to a broader audience.
• Incorrect (Option B): "They require physical attendance at a specific location." This option contradicts the essence of online learning platforms, which provide flexibility by eliminating the need for physical attendance at a specific location.
• Incorrect (Option D): "They limit individuals' ability to acquire new skills and knowledge." This option contradicts the passage, which highlights online learning platforms as a means for individuals to acquire new skills and knowledge, suggesting they expand rather than limit learning opportunities.
• Therefore, option C is the correct answer as it aligns with the information provided in the passage.

The correct answer is 'The spider uses the shape of magical hats to hide'.
Key Points
The passage mentions that the newly discovered spider, Enenxia gryffindori, bears a striking resemblance to the Sorting Hat from JK Rowling's Harry Potter books. According to the passage, the spider uses the shape of the magical hat during the day to hide from predators and look like a dried leaf. This information is explicitly stated in the passage, making option C the correct statement.

Let's see why other options are incorrect:

• Option A: There is no mention of the spider having eight heads in the passage.
• Option B: There is no mention of the spider looking like a stem in the passage.
• Option D: The passage states that the new spider was discovered in Kamataka's Kans Forest, not in Kerala.
• Therefore, option C is the correct statement as it aligns with the information provided in the passage.

The correct answer is "tranquil."
Key Points

• The word "wild" means untamed, chaotic nature. (अदम्य, अराजक प्रकृति)
  • Example: The forest was teeming with wild animals.
• The appropriate antonym of the bracketed word is "tranquil."
• The word "tranquil" means calm, peaceful, and free from disturbance. (शांत, प्रशांत)
  • Example: The lake looked tranquil in the early morning light.

The correct answer is Option A.
Correct sentence: The meadow was a tranquil site, far removed from the main roads and present-day habitation.
Additional Information

• Enraged: to make somebody very angry. ((किसी व्‍यक्ति को) बहुत ग़ुस्‍सा दिलाना, अत्‍यधिक क्रोधित कर देना)
• Frantic: extremely worried or frightened. (अत्‍यधिक चिंतित या भयभीत)
• Strong: (used about a person) physically powerful; able to lift or carry heavy things. ((व्‍यक्ति) शरीर से ताक़तवर, बलवान, हष्‍ट-पुष्‍ट; वज़न उठाने या ले जाने में समर्थ)

The correct answer is "Twinkle is repairing the completely damaged car."

Key Points

• The given sentence is in passive voice.
• Let’s look at the basic structure for this kind of conversion:
  • Active: Subject + is / am / are + verb + ing + Object
  • Passive: Subject(Object of active) + is / am / are + being + 3rd form of the verb + by + Object(Subject of Active)
• Look at the following examples:
  • Active- We are playing cricket.
  • Passive- Cricket is being played by us.
  • Active- She is making spaghetti.
  • Passive- Spaghetti is being made by her.
• Let’s compare the given sentence with the basic structure:
  • Subject(Object of active)- The completely damaged car
  • 1st form of the Verb- repair
  • 3rd form of the verb- repairing
  • Object(Subject of Active)- Twinkle

The correct answer is "Block"

Key Points

• Let's see the meanings of the given words-
  • Obstruct- block (an opening, path, road, etc.); be or get in the way of.
  • Approve- officially agree to or accept as satisfactory.
  • Permit- officially allow (someone) to do something.
  • Match- a person or thing that is equal to another in quality or strength.
  • Block- make the movement or flow in (a passage, pipe, road, etc.) difficult or impossible.
• Hence, according to the meanings of the given words, the correct answer is Option 4 i.e. Block.

Hinglish

• आइए देखें दिए गए शब्दों के अर्थ-
  • Obstruct- ब्लॉक (एक उद्घाटन, पथ, सड़क, आदि); के रास्ते में हो या हो जाओ।
  • Approve- आधिकारिक तौर पर संतोषजनक के रूप में सहमत या स्वीकार करते हैं।
  • Permit- आधिकारिक तौर पर (किसी को) कुछ करने की अनुमति दें।
  • Match- एक व्यक्ति या वस्तु जो गुणवत्ता या ताकत में दूसरे के बराबर है।
  • Block- (एक मार्ग, पाइप, सड़क, आदि) में आंदोलन या प्रवाह को मुश्किल या असंभव बनाते हैं।