KVS PGT Chemistry Mock Test - 9 - KVS PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

The given sentence is in the active voice. The correct conversion to passive voice is given in option 2. Options 1 and 4 change the meaning of the given sentence and option 3 gives an incomplete conversion. 

Pandemonium refers to a situation of complete confusion.
Example- The parliament has recently turned into a place of pandemonium. 

शब्द जब वाक्य में प्रयुक्त होने की योग्यता प्राप्त करता है; तो पद कहलाता है।Key Points

• जब कोई शब्द व्याकरण के नियमो, प्रत्यय, उपसर्ग,वचन,लिंग,कारक,पुरुष आदि में बंधकर किसी वाक्य मे प्रयुक्त होता है तो वह शब्द स्वतंत्र शब्द न रहकर पद बन जाता है।
• उदाहरण - ईश्वर रक्षा करे, इसमें ईश्वर शब्द पद है।

Additional Information

'राम ने आसानी से शिव-धनुष तोड़ दिया'- वाक्य है- विधानवाचक वाक्य

Key Points

• विधानवाचक- ऐसे वाक्य जिनसे किसी काम के होने या किसी के अस्तित्व का बोध हो। इन्हें विधिवाचक वाक्य भी कहते हैं।

उदाहरण-

• ममता ने खाना खा लिया।
• हिंदी हमारी राष्ट्रभाषा है।

Additional Information

In modern democracies, power-sharing arrangements can take many forms.

Important Point
Power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary are called horizontal distribution of power.

• Because it allows different organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers.
• Such separation ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power.
• This system is also known as the system of checks and balances. 
• Each organ checks the others. This results in a balance of power among various institutions.

Thus, in the Horizontal form of power-sharing, we find the arrangement of the system of checks and balances.

Key Points 

• The biosphere reserves are the areas meant for the conservation of biodiversity.
• These are large areas of protected land for the conservation of wildlife, plant and animal resources and traditional life of the tribals living in the area.
• The biosphere reserves help to maintain the biodiversity and culture of that area.
• A biosphere reserve may also contain other protected areas.
• The Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve consists of one national park named Satpura and two wildlife sanctuaries named Bori and Pachmarhi

Additional Information

• There are18 biosphere reserves in India:-
  • Cold Desert, Himachal Pradesh
  • Nanda Devi, Uttrakhand
  • Khangchendzonga, Sikkim
  • Dehang-Debang, Arunachal Pradesh
  • Manas, Assam
  • Dibru-Saikhowa, Assam
  • Nokrek, Meghalaya
  • Panna, Madhya Pradesh
  • Pachmarhi, Madhya Pradesh
  • Achanakmar-Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh-Chhattisgarh
  • Kachchh, Gujarat
  • Similipal, Odisha
  • Sundarban, West Bengal
  • Seshachalam, Andhra Pradesh
  • Agasthyamala, Karnataka-Tamil Nadu-Kerala
  • Nilgiri, Tamil Nadu-Kerala 
  • Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu
  • Great Nicobar, Andaman & Nicobar Island

The correct answer is The Hague.

Key Points

• The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations.
• The International Court of Justice was created with an aim to settle the disputes between states in accordance with international law and gives advisory opinions on international legal issues.
• It was established in June 1945 
• It is the successor of the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ).
• As of 2021 February, Joan Donoghue is the current President of the International Court of Justice.

Additional Information

• The headquarters of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO) is located in Paris.
• The headquarters of the International Monetary Fund(IMF) is located in Washington, D.C.
• The headquarters of the United Nations is located in New York City.

1) GRASS – FEARLESS (Cannot be formed because G is missing)

2) RESEAL – FEARLESS (Can be formed)

3) LESSER – FEARLESS (Can be formed)

4) ERASE – FEARLESS (Can be formed)

Hence, the correct answer is “GRASS”.

The Logic is:

First Number² + First Number = Second Number

25 : 650 → 25 : 25² + 25 = 625 + 25 = 650

Similarly,

21 : ? → 21 : 21² + 21 = 462

⇒ ? = 441 + 21

⇒ ? = 462

Hence, '462' is the correct answer.

School Management Committee (SMC) is a form of community Interaction and involvement in school functioning. The purpose of the SMC is to actively engage local communities in the development, execution, and evaluation of school improvement initiatives.

Key PointsKey Functions of SMC:

• Making a School Development Plan (SDP) as per the RTE guidelines/norms.
• Supervising and supporting the implementation of SDP.
• Supervising/monitoring finance, management, and academic progress.
• Ensuring regular attendance and punctuality of teachers.
• Sanctioning restricted and casual leave to primary, and upper primary headmasters.
• Arranging and maintaining basic infrastructural amenities.
• Prioritizing children who are disadvantaged, to obtain an equal opportunity for education.
• Regular auctioning of crops grown in the school lands and giving the money to the School Education Fund.
• Organizing programs for mobilizing enrollment and bridge courses for bringing children back to school.

​Hence, we conclude that prioritizing normal students is not a right Provided by RTE Act 2005 to SMCs.

Community Health Nursing (CHN) is the idea of integrating the nursing practices with public health practices in order to maintain the health of the people at the individual, family, and community levels.

Option 1 is incorrect: CHN monitors and ensures immunization of children.

Purpose of School Nursing:

1. Promote health and well-being of both student and staff
2. Provide case management services
3. Early detection of potential health problems
4. Collaborating with other stakeholders for generating health awareness
5. Ensuring holistic development of children

Another role of CHN in school health program:

• Assessing and intervening physical and emotional needs of children
• Perform comprehensive health assessment of children
• Planning and implementing school screening health services
• Providing referral services and follow up services
• Developing healthcare plan for chronic diseases cases
• Providing leadership for organizing health services in school health program
• Ensuring a healthy school environment
• Reporting of communicable diseases, its management, and measures to prevent further spread
• Preparing health care plan as per the needs of children at individual and group level.
• Provides education to family, children, and staff about healthy living pattern
• Data Analysis - CHN collects and analyze data to identify the pattern of health and disease in school and community.

"Making errors is a shameful act for the learners". This statement is detrimental to student's learning.

Teacher's beliefs impact their teaching behaviour, learner development, guide their decision making and interactions with their learners. Beliefs help teachers from their planning, curricular decisions and identify what should be taught in the classroom.

Teachers’ beliefs are related to some factors that interact with each other in the processes of teaching and learning. Teachers bring beliefs acquired from many years of learning experiences to a teacher education that impacts what and how they learn to teach. Teachers’ beliefs affect what they say and do in the classroom which forms their beliefs. Teachers’ beliefs affect teacher awareness, teaching attitudes, and teaching methods. Teachers’ beliefs impact their teaching behaviour, and learner development, and guide their decision-making and interactions with their learners. Beliefs help teachers form their planning and curricular decisions and identify what should be taught in the classroom. On the whole, it can be concluded that teachers’ beliefs will have a great effect on forming active teaching methods and will bring about a considerable amount of advance in learners’ language capabilities.

Role of a primary school teacher:
A Primary Teacher instructs elementary school students from ages five to 12 in various subjects. Effective teaching and learning are critically important for all pupils, especially for those with special educational needs. Meaningful inclusion implies that all pupils are taught in stimulating and supportive classroom environments where they are respected and valued.

Key Points 
Their main role is to: 

• Develop students’ abilities, and interests and coordinate through the mode of creative activities.
• Present subject matter utilizing a range of teaching materials and techniques.
• Guide discussions and supervise work in class.
• Test and analyze students for customized progress in oral and written work.
• Enforce personal development by supporting students to utilize and develop capabilities.
• Maintain and update attendance records as well as school discipline.
• Involve in staff meetings along with educational conferences and workshops.
• Conduct extra-curricular activities like supporting school concerts, sport, excursions along with special interest programs.
• Oversee student teachers on placement tasks.
• Head responsibility for the progress of a class of primary-age students.
• Organize classroom as well as learning resources to develop a positive learning atmosphere.
• Plan, prepare, and present lessons catering to the needs of the entire ability range within classes.
• Motivate students with enthusiasm and imaginative presentation.
• Prepare and facilitate positive student development.

Conclusion:
The main role of the primary teacher is to look after the well-being of the students. They are not directly involved with the supervision of teaching programs, school management programs. Though they are involved in classroom management their main role is in improving the skill, knowledge, and performance of the teaching workforce. Hence, option (2) is correct.

The process of learning to internalize the values and norms into itself or the mode of learning to live in society is called the process of socialization. It may be defined more comprehensively as a life-long process of inculcation whereby an individual learns the principles, values, and symbols of the social system in which he participates and the expression of those values and norms in the roles he enacts.

• Socialization may be classified into two broad groups:
  • Primary socialization
  • Secondary socialization.
• Primary socialization- Inculcation of norms and values within the family is called primary socialization. Here children want to know themselves and try to find their identity and learn the daily routine tasks of humans.
  • Example: Family, toilet training, etc.
• Secondary socialization- The process of imbibing norms, values, and behavior patterns of school may be called secondary socialization.
  • Example: Church, School, Media, etc.

Key Points ​ Characteristics of primary socialization:

• Primary socialization begins from the age of infancy.
• Self-identity formed.
• Children start to go familiar with their innate abilities and disabilities.
• Children start learning their daily needs, such as toilet training.
• So option (1) is the correct answer.

Important Points Some important characteristics of socialization:

• It is a lifelong process, it occurs throughout life.
• The roles a person enacts are the expressions of his social nature. 
• The nature of what one communicates in society is determined by the influence of one's interaction with society. ​

Additional Information

Some theories on socialization are:

NCF 2005 in the teaching-learning process has mainly proposed a pedagogical shift from behaviorism to constructivism.

Key Points 

Important Suggestions were given by NCF 2005:

• The conceptualization of the active learner in the teaching-learning context.
• Acquisition of knowledge by the learners is replaced with the approach of construction of knowledge by the learners themselves.
• NCF remarks that knowledge construction is an evolving process and learners constantly develop knowledge by actively participating and utilizing his/her previous experiences.
• Construction of knowledge to be the major focus of teaching. Learners should be viewed as agents of their own learning.

Hence, it could be concluded that the main approach suggested by NCF-2005 in the teaching-learning process is Constructivism.

Additional Information

• The teacher should act as an autonomous facilitator.
• Evaluation should be used as a tool for enhancing continuous and comprehensive learning.

This table will help you to consolidate the major difference between behaviorism, cognitivism, connectionism, and constructivism. 

“The Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995” has come into enforcement on February 7, 1996, while the RTE Act of the Parliament of India was enacted on 4 August 2009 and came into effect from 1st April 2010. 

Key Points

• The PWD Act 1995 is an important landmark and is a significant step in the direction to ensure equal opportunities for people with disabilities and their full participation in nation-building.
• The Act provides for both preventive and promotional aspects of rehabilitation like education, employment, and vocational training, reservation, research and manpower development, creation of barrier-free environment, rehabilitation of persons with disability, unemployment, and establishment of homes for persons with severe disabilities, etc.
• PWD Act 1995 emphasizes that every child with disability shall have the right to free education till the age of 18 years in integrated schools or special schools.
• The Right to Education Act commonly known as RTE Act 2009 is an act that aims to provide free and compulsory education to all children between the age of 6 to 14 years and to special children between 6 to 18 years in India under Article 21A of the Indian Constitution. 
• RTE ensures the prohibition of private tuition by teachers to equalize educational opportunities to all and the reservation of  25% seats for children belonging to economically weaker sections in private schools.
• It emphasizes not to deploy teachers in non-academic work except elections, population census, and disaster relief duties and emphasizes to establish primary and upper primary schools within a distance of 1km and 3kms respectively from the child's house.

Hence, it could be concluded that the PWD Act 1995 and RTE Act 2009 jointly made the provision to give free education to special children till 18 years and to normal children till 14 years.

The National Education Policy 2020 proposed various reforms in school education as well as higher education including technical education that has to be adopted by all educational institutions.

Key Points The ECCE program needs to be determined by children’s developmental and contextual needs, providing for more need-based inputs and an enabling environment.

• Ensuring quality ECCE - early childhood care and education for all children between 3-6 years.
• It was believed that a common ‘curriculum’ would not be appropriate for all.
• It comprises details of the goals for different domains of development, i.e. physical, language, cognitive, socio-emotional, creative, and aesthetic appreciation, to be fostered to ensure holistic development of children under six years.​

Hence we can say that the full form of ECCE is Early Childhood Care and Education.

Additional Information Other reforms of NEP 2020 include -

• Equitable and inclusive education - Special emphasis is given to Socially and Economically Disadvantaged  Groups (SDGs).
• Ensuring Universal Access at All Levels of schooling from pre-primary school to Grade 12.
• New Curricular and Pedagogical Structure (5+3+3+4).
• Setting up of State School Standards Authority (SSSA).

The concept of education is used in a variety of contexts with different meanings and viewpoints. Different educationists have different beliefs and opinions with reference to the origin of the word 'education'.

• Dropout refers to the practice of leaving schools before completing a certain level of schooling. Effective teaching happens when a teacher is successful in keeping the students actively involved in learning, otherwise, children tend to find ways to skip classes or escape from school.

Key Points

The reason of absence and escape from school is:

• Lack of Infrastructure
• Poor method of teaching & Ineffective teacher
• Inequality in education & Lack of quality education
• Expensive higher education & Lack of interest in the syllabus

Important Points

Ways to remove the hindrance in achieving educational aims:

• An effective teacher should focus on how well the students have understood a particular topic and motivate them to learn.

• The teacher should make use of interesting teaching methodologies to instill curiosity and inquisitiveness.
• An effective classroom is one where the teacher is a facilitator and a role model and not merely an instructor.
• It is a place where there is a lively and healthy interaction between students and teachers.
• The teacher can provide real-life examples to induce learners' interest in the syllabus so that they can have a connection with the subjects and the syllabus.

Hence, it could be concluded that all of the above are the reasons of absence and escape from school which hinder the achievement of educational aims include.

The way the curriculum is implemented in the classroom is mostly decided by the teachers. Their function is described in terms of the implementation and assessment of the curriculum. Additionally, it is thought that if the instructor is involved in the process of developing the curriculum, teaching and learning will be more successful. Their contribution might be crucial to the curriculum's overall progress.

Key Points

 Doll identifies three reasons why educators could be successful in enhancing the curriculum:

•  Work in close proximate with the learners
•  Engaged in individual study and
• Interact with other teachers and share their curricular experiences.

These three elements provide them the chance to grow in knowledge and ability, which can enhance the caliber of the learning opportunities they offer to students.

• By encouraging student understanding and tolerance, arousing curiosity, and encouraging independent thought, teachers work to achieve educational goals.

• The way in which the material is delivered is also heavily influenced by the teaching method.

• Teachers must thus be involved in the curriculum creation, planning, delivery, evaluation, and review processes.

• The teaching style of a teacher has the power to either encourage role learning or, conversely, spark a child's interest.

Hence, it is concluded that All of the above are correct.

The Union Cabinet has approved the new National Education Policy (NEP), 2020 with an aim to introduce several changes in the Indian education system.

• NEP 2020 is the third education policy in the history of independent India after the policy of 1968 and the second policy of 1986.
• The main goal of the school education regulatory system is to improve educational outcomes so that children can learn to implement the acquired knowledge and skills in their practical life.

Key PointsNational Education Policy 2020: As per NEP, 2020, learning should be holistic, integrated, enjoyable, and engaging.  Therefore, the current 10+2 system is to be replaced by a four-stage 5+3+3+4 structure.

• Pedagogy must evolve to make education more experiential, holistic, integrated, inquiry-driven, discovery-oriented, learner-centered, discussion-based, flexible, and, of course, enjoyable.
• The Foundational Stage will consist of five years of flexible, multilevel, play/activity-based learning.
• It consists of flexible, multi-faceted, multi-level, play-based, activity-based, and inquiry-based learning, comprising of alphabets, languages, numbers, counting, colors, shapes, indoor and outdoor play, puzzles and logical thinking, problem-solving, drawing, painting, and other visual art, craft, drama and puppetry, music and movement.
• It also includes a focus on developing social capacities, sensitivity, good behavior, courtesy, ethics, personal and public cleanliness, teamwork, and cooperation.

Thus, it infers that National Education Policy 2020 emphasizes on flexible multi-level activity-based learning.

Additional InformationThe curricular and pedagogical structure and the curricular framework for school education will therefore be guided by a 5+3+3+4 design, consisting of the:

• Foundational Stage - This stage of education comprises 3 years of preschool or Anganwadi education followed by two years of primary classes (classes 1 and 2). This stage will focus on teaching through play-based or activity-based methods and on the development of language skills.
• Preparatory Stage - Grades 3-5, covering ages 8-11
• Middle Stage  - Grades 6-8, covering ages 11-14
• Secondary Stage - Grades 9-12 in two phases, i.e., 9 and 10 in the first and 11 and 12 in the second, covering ages 14-18

Carbon – 14 is used in determining the age of organic substances

A hydrogen bond is a weak type of force that forms a special type of dipole-dipole attraction which occurs when a hydrogen atom bonded to a strongly electronegative atom exists in the vicinity of another electronegative atom with a lone pair of electrons.
F is the most electronegative atom. Hence hydrogen bond is shortest in F - H ........F.

100 g brine solution has 3.87 g NaCI.

Reaction involves rearrangement of carbocation

The oxidation state of superoxide is -1/2 . and there is two superoxide so oxidation state of Rb is +1.

Adsorption and absorption is commonly known as sorption.

Polar molecule will act as a dipole.