AWES TGT Chemistry Mock Test - 10 - AWES TGT/PGT MCQ

GRID-INDIA, also known as Grid Controller of India Limited, has attained Miniratna Category-I status as a Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE), recognized by the Ministry of Power, showcasing its crucial role in managing India's power system effectively and efficiently.

Bangladesh has the highest dengue death rate in the world, with over 1,000 deaths in 2023. This is a significant increase from the previous year when there were only around 500,000 cases and 200 deaths.

Bhutan has introduced a self-sovereign national digital ID for all citizens powered by blockchain technology. The ID, called DrukID, was launched on September 9, 2023, by the Prime Minister of Bhutan, Dr. Lotay Tshering.

India won the Asian Champions Trophy title in 2023, securing their fourth championship in the tournament's history. The Indian hockey team on 12 August defeated Malaysia 4-3 to win for the fourth time at the Asian Champions Trophy 2023 final, at the Mayor Radhakrishnan Stadium in Chennai on Saturday. With four Asian Champions Trophy titles, India is the most successful team in the history of the tournament.

The field theory of learning in children, in which the learner perceives and responds to the whole situation, comes under Kohler's theory of understanding.

The associative theory of learning in children is described on the basis of stimulus response. In this, a relationship is established between the stimulus response. It is also called stimulus response or S-R principle.

Let us look at each statement one by one and analyze which of the given options is not correct:-

Important Points

• The focus of the teacher has to be on practice in school to respond to the diversity of students:- It is true that the teacher should focus on putting the maximum effort of learning in school so that students can learn the lessons in front of the teacher and also the teacher can take up a maximum number of doubts raised by the students. Hence, this statement is correct
• It is valuing difference, immaterial of the limitations imposed due to external factors :- This statement is also correct as external factors that put limitations are always going to be present in life. despite these limitations, it is important to acknowledge the difference or the diversity of each and every individual.
• Inclusion is about building inner strength and mounting confidence among children:- Inclusion is about building inner strength is a very significant statement as inner strength is not just about physical strength, it also signifies moral strength that boosts the learners to work hard and learn new things in life.
• Inclusion focuses upon change within the child than changes within the system. :- It is not correct to force the change upon the child, the system should be able to adapt in such a way that the children should get the maximum benefit.

Hence, Inclusion focuses upon change within the child than changes within the system is not a correct statement.

Alkaline earth metals have valency +2. So on reaction with halogen, they form compounds MX₂.

Preparation of Hydrogen from H₂O with Ca (Calcium)

• Hydrogen can be prepared from water (H₂O) through a chemical reaction with calcium (Ca).
• In this reaction, calcium acts as a reducing agent. This is because calcium has the ability to donate electrons during the reaction, which reduces the other reactant, in this case, water.
• The overall chemical reaction that occurs is: Ca + 2H₂O → Ca(OH)₂ + H₂
• In this reaction, calcium (Ca) reacts with water (H₂O) to form calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) and hydrogen gas (H₂).
• The hydrogen gas that is produced can be collected and used for various purposes.
• Thus, out of the given options, it is calcium that can act as a reducing agent to prepare hydrogen from water.

Why Other Options are Incorrect

• Ag (Silver) and Au (Gold) are noble metals and do not readily participate in chemical reactions. They cannot act as reducing agents to produce hydrogen from water.
• Al (Aluminium) can act as a reducing agent, but it does not react with water under normal conditions to produce hydrogen.

Conclusion

• Therefore, the correct answer is option B: 'Ca, which acts as reducing agent'.

BeO is amphoteric as it can react with both acids and base
BeO₊₂NaOH = Na₂BeO₂
BeO+H₂SO₄ + BeSO₄ + H₂O
On the other hand, MgO and Cao are metallic oxides and act as a base only.

The correct answer is option A
2-hexyne with Li/NH3​ gives trans-2-hexene. This reaction is also considered as Birch reduction.

The non metallic character decreases down the group.And we know the oxides of non-metal r acidic in genral.Hence acidic character of oxides decreases down d group. Down the group the size of the element increases, electronegativity decreases ,metallic character increases and hence the acidic character decrease.

CH3S^-(I) is strongest nucleophile and C6H5O^-(IV) is weakest due to resonance stabilisation in it.

Chemical Reaction take place between adsorbate and adsorbent in chemisorptions. Therefore it is specific in nature.

a) More molar mass, more entropy. So ∆_SN2O4 > ∆S_NO2
b) CO₂ has more entropy than dry ice at -78°C
c) Pure alumina iss crystalline solid while ruby is amorphous. And ∆S_amorphous > ∆S_Crystalline. So alumina has less entropy than ruby.
d) At lower pressure, entropy be higher as gas particles are far from each other. So (∆S_N2)1 _bar > (∆S_N2)_{5 bar} 
 

The correct answer is B: CNS⁻.

Explanation:

• Linkage isomerism occurs when a ligand can coordinate to the central metal ion through two different atoms, leading to different isomers.

• Flexidentate ligands are ligands that can form multiple bonds to the metal centre via different donor atoms.

CNS⁻ (Thiocyanate) is an example of a ligand that can exhibit linkage isomerism. The thiocyanate ion (CNS⁻) can bind to the metal through the nitrogen atom (N) or the sulfur atom (S), leading to two different isomers:

1. N-bonded thiocyanate (also called isothiocyanate),

2. S-bonded thiocyanate.

This makes CNS⁻ a flexidentate ligand, as it can coordinate through two different donor atoms (N or S), showing linkage isomerism.

Thus, the correct answer is B: CNS⁻.

(i) OSF₂ 

sp³-hybridised S -atom (Ip - bp) repulsion, trigonal pyramidal
(ii)→ (s)
(ii) O₂SF₂

 
sp³-hybridised s-atom tetrahedral
(ii) → (P)
(iii) XeF₄

sp³d²-hybridised Xe-atom.
Two lone pairs, square planar (iii) → (r)

sp³-hybridised Cl atom, tetrahedral.
(iv) → (p)

sp³d-hybridised I, three lone pairs at equatorial position linear,
(v) → (q)

P — P single bond (213 kJ mol^-1)  in P₄ molecule is much weaker than N ≡ N triple bond (941.4 kJ mol^-1) in N₂. 

Thus, Statement I is correct and Statement II is incorrect.

This is a case of dilution.
NaOH solution has been diluted by NaCI or vice-versa.
Total volume = 35.0 mL

M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

The hardness increases with increasing atomic number.

Energy of one photon
Energy supplied by one mole photon in KJ/mole = 3.11×6×10⁻¹⁹×6×10²³×10⁻³=297KJ/mole
% of energy converted to K.E.= 

(III) is most reactive as it has most acidic β-H as well as it gives resonance stabilised alkene.Next to (III) is (IV) as it is tertiary. (I) is less reactive than (II) because (I) gives less substituted alkene.

Isoelectronic species are the having same number of electrons.
Number of electrons in CO = 6 + 8 = 14
O₂^- = 16 + 1 = 17
N₂⁺ = 14 - 1 = 13
O₂⁺ = 1 6 - 1 = 15
CN^- = 6 + 7 + 1 = 14
Hence, CO isoelectronic with CN⁻ ion.

The correct observation about electrolysis is:

a) Electric current is used to drive a non-spontaneous reaction

Detailed Explanation:

1. Correct Option (a):

   • Electrolysis uses an external electric current to force a non-spontaneous redox reaction to occur.

   • In electrolysis, ΔG > 0 (non-spontaneous) and E°cell < 0, requiring energy input from the power source.

   • Example: Decomposition of water (2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂), which doesn't occur spontaneously.

2. Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

   b) Ecell is positive and ΔG is negative:

   • This describes a galvanic/voltaic cell (spontaneous reaction that generates electricity), not electrolysis.

   • In electrolysis, Ecell is negative (non-spontaneous).

   c) Cations and anions are discharged at the cathode only

   • This is incorrect terminology.

     • Cations (positively charged ions) move to the cathode (where they gain electrons, reduction occurs).

     • Anions (negatively charged ions) move to the anode (where they lose electrons, oxidation occurs).

   • The statement reverses the actual process.

   d) Only overvoltage is responsible that a particular reaction takes place:

   • While overvoltage influences which reaction occurs (e.g., H₂ vs. Na⁺ discharge in aqueous NaCl), it is not the only factor.

   • Other factors include standard reduction potentials and concentration.

Key Concepts:

• Electrolysis requires energy input (electric current) for ΔG > 0 reactions.

• Cathode = Reduction (cations gain electrons).

• Anode = Oxidation (anions lose electrons).

• Overvoltage affects reaction preference but isn't the sole determinant.

Final Answer:

a) Electric current is used to drive a non-spontaneous reaction