MH SET Paper 2 Mock Test - 6 (History) - MAHA TET MCQ

The correct answer is Muhammad Husayn of Kashmir.

Key Points

Calligraphy

• Akbar’s favourite calligraphy style was the nastily, a fluid style with long horizontal strokes.
• Muhammad Husayn of Kashmir was one of the finest calligraphers at Akbar’s court who was honoured with the title ‘Zarrin Kalam’ (Golden pen).
• Hence the correct answer is option 1.
• Abdul Fazl was the Grand vizier of the Mughal emperor Akbar and author of the Akbarnama.

The correct answer is 1909.

• In 1909, the British Government announced certain reforms in the structure of the Government in India, which were known as the Morley-Minto Reforms.
• Indian Councils Act of 1909, also called Morley-Minto Reforms, series of reform measures enacted in 1909 by the British Parliament, the main component of which directly introduced the elective principle to membership in the imperial and local legislative councils in India.
• The act was formulated by John Morley, secretary of state for India (1905–10).

Additional Information

• It was instituted to placate the Moderates (Congress) and introduces separate electorates on the basis of religion.
• Lord Minto came to be known as the Father of Communal Electorate in India.

Bagh caves near Gwalior represent the paintings of Gupta era. The Bagh Caves are a group of nine rock-cut monuments.

The immediate cause of the Revolt of 1857 was the introduction of Enfield rifles whose cartidges were said to have greased cover made of beef and pork sparked off the revolt.

• Phallic worship: Circular stone objects were a representation of male genital organs and lingam-shaped objects.
• There were 3 types of burial systems observed:

1. Extended burial system: The body was placed in North-South directions.
2. Symbolic burial system: Body couldn’t found eg. Kaalibangan
3. Twin burial system: Two bodies in one grave. eg. Man and Dog.

The correct answer is 1, 2 and 3.

Key Points

• Raja Jai Singh was a distinguished statesman, lawmaker, and reformer.
  • He ruled from 1699-1743.
  • But most of all, he appreciated science very much.
• He founded the city of Jaipur in the territory taken from the Jats and made it a great seat of art and science.
  • Jaipur was built upon strictly scientific principles and according to a regular plan.
  • Its broad streets are intersected at right angles.
  • Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
• He was a great astronomer.
  • He erected observatories at Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Varanasi, and Mathura.
  • None of the observatories was in Deccan because Rajputs didn't rule the Deccan region.
  • Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
• These observatories were erected with accurate and advanced instruments, some of them his own inventions, These were remarkably accurate.
  • He also drew up a set of tables to enable people to make astronomical observations.
  • He had Euclid's 'Elements of Geometry' translated into Sanskrit, and Napier's work on the construction and use of logarithms.
• He was also a social reformer.
  • He tried to enforce a law to reduce the expenditure which a Rajput had to incur on a daughter's wedding and which often lead to infanticide.
• Initially, Jai Singh served as a Mughal vassal.
  • He was given the title of Sawai by the Mughal Emperor, Aurangzeb in the year 1699, who had summoned him to Delhi, impressed by his wit.
    • Hence, Statement 3 is correct.​

The correct answer is 1-D, 2-A, 3-B, 4-C.

Key-Points

• Sambad Kaumudi was a weekly Journal in Bengali by Raja Ram Mohan Roy, started in 1821.
• Tribune was founded by Dayal Singh Majeetia in 1881, Lahore.
• Indian Mirror was founded by Devendranath Tagore in 1862, Calcutta.
• Amrit Bazar Patrika was founded by Sisir Kumar Ghosh in 1868, Calcutta.

The correct answer is Matsya, Chedi, Magadha, Anga.

Key Points

• Mahajanapadas:
  • Kingdoms that rose to fame from the 6th Century BC onward were called Mahajanapdas.
  • The Mahajanapadas signify the tribes that came together to form different groups and later gave rise to a permanent area of settlements called ‘states’ or ‘Janapadas.’

The correct answer is Akhbar-ul Akhyar.Key Points

• Akhbar ul Akhyar appeared in the 16th century.
• Shaikh Abdul Haq Muhaddis Dehlawi (1551–1663) was one of the most illustrious scholar-sufis (alim-sufi) of Mughal India.
• He compiled Akhbar ul Akhiyar in Persian, which is recognised as a leading source of South Asian Sufism.
• He was born in 1551 (958 AH) in Delhi, hence the suffix Dehlavi to his name.
• He became a writer in Arabic and Persian, who won favour from both Mughal Emperors, Jahangir (r.1605-28) and Shah Jahan (r.1628-58), and in time became a scholar of Islam.
• Akhbar ul Akhyar was compiled in order to explore elements of the implicit and at times explicit, challenges posed to the hegemonic orthodoxy, which was often identified with the Arabisation process.

Additional Information

Maasir-ul-Umara:

• It is a biographical dictionary of the officers in the Mughal empire until 1780 AD.
• It was the work of Shah Nawaz Khan (entitled Samsamuddaula) and his son Abdul Hai.
• Shah Nawaz Khan devoted himself to the compilation of the work from August 1741 to 1747.
• The Maasir-ul-Umara is a storehouse of knowledge about the history of the Mughals in India.

• There is no dearth of the contemporary history of the Mughal empire; these include the namahs, such as Baburnamah, Humayun namah, Padshahnamah, Alamgirnamah etc.

Akhbar-ul Akhyar:

• It is a Persian-language biography of notables in the Mughal Empire (1556–1780).
• It was written by Samsam ud Daula Shah Nawaz Khan and his son Abdul Hai Khan.
• Its variants of the title include Ma'athir al-Umara, Maasir al-Umara, and Maathir ul-Umara.

• Shah Nawaz Khan relies upon a variety of Persian histories for his information, which he lists in his introduction.

Zakhirat-ul Khwanin:

• It is a biographical dictionary of Mughal Nobles.
• Composed in 1651, Zakhiratul Khwanin of Shaikh Farid Bhakkari is an important source to understand social trends and tensions of the Mughal times.
• The author of this work was the pioneer in the field of writing biographies of even the lesser mansabdars associated with the Mughal court.
• Zakhiratul Khwanin would be studied as a source of information regarding the Mughal society.

In the Allahabad Kaushambi inscription of Ashoka, there is a mention of the queen Karuwaki of Ashoka. The most popular title of Ashoka is Devnamapriya Priyadarshi. Ashoka's name Ashoka is found in 4 of his inscriptions.

1- Gurjara (MP)

2- Maski (Karnataka)

3- Nettur – (Karnataka)

4- Udegolan – Karnataka

The correct answer is All threeKey PointsAshoka:

• Asoka Maurya, succeeded to the Mauryan throne around 269 B.C.
• His policy of Dhamma has been a topic of lively discussion among scholars. The word Dhamma is the Prakrit form of the Sanskrit word Dharma.
• Dhamma has been variously translated as piety, moral life, righteousness and so on, but the best way to understand what Ashoka means by Dhamma is to read his edicts.

Contents of Dhamma:

• The principles of Dhamma were so formulated as to be acceptable to people belonging to different communities and following any religious sect.
• Dhamma was not given any formal definition or structure. It emphasised on toleration and general behaviour. The theme of ahimsa is an important aspect of Ashoka's dhamma and is frequently mentioned. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Dhamma stressed on dual toleration- it emphasised on toleration of people themselves and also an toleration of their various beliefs and ideas.
• There is a stress on the notion of showing consideration towards slaves and servants; there is stress also on obedience to elders; generosity towards the needy, Brahmanas and Sramanas, etc. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• Asoka also pleaded for tolerance of different religious sects in an attempt to create a sense of harmony.
• The policy of Dhamma also laid stress on non-violence.
• Non-violence was to be practised by giving up war and conquests and also as a restraint on the killing of animals.
• However, Asoka realized that a certain display of his political might may be necessary to keep the primitive forest tribes in check.
• The policy of Dhamma also included certain welfare measures, like planting of trees, digging of wells, etc.
• Asoka attacked ceremonies and sacrifices practised regularly on various occasions as meaningless.

Additional Information Rock Edicts:

• Major Rock Edict I:
  • It declares prohibition of animal sacrifice and holiday of festive gatherings. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
• Major Rock Edict II:
  • It relates to certain measures of social welfare which are included in the working of Dhamma. It mentions medical treatment for men and animals, construction of roads, wells, tree planting, etc.
• Major Rock Edict III:
  • It declares that liberality towards Brahmanas and Sramanas is a virtue, respect to mother and father, etc are all good qualities.
• Major Rock Edict IV:
  • It is a very important statement of the policy of Dhamma.
  • The edict comments that due to the policy of Dhamma the lack of morality and disrespect towards Brahmanas and Sramanas, violence, unseemly behaviour to friends, relatives and others and evils of this kind have been checked.
• Major Rock Edict V:
  • It refers to the appointment of Dhamma-mahamattas for the first time in the twelfth year of his reign.
  • These special officers were appointed by the king to look after the interests of all sects and religions and spread the message of Dhamma in each nook and corner of the society.
• Major Rock Edict VI:
  • It is an instruction to Dhamma-mahamattas. They are told that they could bring their reports to the king at any time.
• Major Rock Edict VII:
  • It is a plea for toleration amongst all the sects.
  • It appears from the edict that tensions among the sects were expressed intensely, perhaps in open antagonism. The plea is part of the overall strategy to maintain unity.
• Major Rock Edict VIII:
  • It states that Dhammayatras (tours) would be undertaken by the emperor, the earlier practice, of the emperor, of going out on hunting expeditions was given up.
• Major Rock Edict IX:
  • It attacks ceremonies performed after birth, illness, marriage and before setting out for a journey.
  • A censure is passed against ceremonies observed by wives and mothers. Asoka instead lays stress on the practice of Dhamma and uselessness of ceremonies.
• Major Rock Edict X:
  • It denounces fame and glory and reasserts the merits of following the policy of Dhamma.
• Major Rock Edict XI:
  • It is a further explanation of the policy of Dhamma.
  • Emphasis is on respect to elders, abstaining from killing animals, and liberality towards friends.
• Major Rock Edict XII:
  • It is again an appeal towards toleration among sects.
  • This edict reflects the anxiety the king felt due to the conflict between sects and carries his plea for harmony.
• Major Rock Edict XIII:
  • It is of paramount importance in understanding the Asokan policy of Dhamma. The Rock Edict pleads for conquest by Dhamma instead of War.

Chenchu from the Nallamala hills in Andhra Pradesh revolted against British Forest Laws under the leadership of K. Hanumanthu. He organised ‘Palanadu’ which was a Forest Satyagraha against British forest laws.

During the Deccan famine in 1875 A.D, riots broke out in Ahmednagar and Pune districts of Bombay Presidency against the exploitation of Marwari moneylenders. The riots became armed rebellions under the leadership of Vasudev Balwant Phadke who is regarded as ‘father of the Indian armed rebellion’. He provided the inspiration for fellow freedom fighters.

Lord Edward Henry Stanley became the first Secretary of State for India. An agency named Indian Council created in London to monitor the functioning of Viceroy and his staff. This was to be headed by Secretary of State for India. The revolt by the Burchampore Regiment was the first to revolt against Robert Clive. This is also known as ‘White Mutiny’ as most of the Sepoys who revolted were English.

All the given statements about the Pashupati Seal of Harappan civilization are correct.

Key Points

• The Pashupati seal is one of the most beautiful, artistic and important seals among the excavated seals of the Harappan civilization.
• It was found at Mohen-Jo-Daro.
• This seal shows a yogi with curved homed crown resembling the trishula and seated in clear Padmasana, the lotus posture.
• He is surrounded by animals like rhinos, elephant, tiger, dear and others.
• A pictographic inscription of six symbols is inscribed on the top of the seal.
• This is a highly sophisticated seal of this phase, and interpreted as the Lord of animals.
• Sir John Marshall called this seal as Proto Shiva.
• All these examples give us a feeling that in the Indus period the humans respected the animals and nature.
• The carvings on the seals display this intimate relationship.
• The figures on the seals were engraved with precision and clarity.

• They are fine specimens for studying the importance of seals in trade and transactions which has relevance for present times as well.

Based on the above discussion, we can conclude that all the given statements about the Pashupati Seal of Harappan civilization are correct.

Shahjahan (1627-1658 AD)(This is a ruling period):

• Shahjahan ascended the throne in 1627 AD. As a Prince, he had been the governor of the Deccan, Bihar, Bengal, Gujarat, and Delhi respectively.
• Hence, option B is correct.
• Mughal Architecture reached its climax under Shahjahan’s rule. Some exceptional monuments were created as follows:

Shalimar Bagh

• It’s a garden of flowers.
• It is also called ‘The Garden of Delight’
• It was developed in Lahore.
• Hence, option A is correct.

Red Fort:

• It was built in Delhi. Hence, option C is correct.
• Shahjahan commissioned it in 1638 AD when he decided to shift the capital from Agra to Delhi.
• It was completed in 1648 AD.
• Hence, option C is correct.
• Shahjahan died in 1666 AD. He ruled till 1658 AD after which Aurangzeb took over the throne.
• Hence, option D is not correct.

The correct answer is ​Neither 1 nor 2.

Key Points

• Vijayanagara empire :
  • ​​​Fortifications and roads​
    • ​Abdur Razzaq, an ambassador sent by the ruler of Persia to Calicut (present-day Kozhikode) in the fifteenth century, was greatly impressed by the fortifications and mentioned seven lines of forts.
    • These encircled not only the city but also its agricultural hinterland and forests.
    • What was most significant about this fortification is that it enclosed agricultural tracts. Abdur Razzaq noted that “ between the first, second and the third walls there are cultivated fields, gardens and houses”.
      • Why do you think agricultural tracts were incorporated within the fortified area?
        • Often, the objective of medieval sieges was to starve the defenders into submission. These sieges could last for several months and sometimes even years.
        • Normally rulers tried to be prepared for such situations by building large granaries within fortified areas.
        • The rulers of Vijayanagara adopted a more expensive and elaborate strategy of protecting the agricultural belt itself. Hence, Statement a is correct.
    • The fort was entered through well-guarded gates, which linked the city to the major roads.
    • Gateways were distinctive architectural features that often defined the structures to which they regulated access.
    • The arch on the gateway leading into the fortified settlement as well as the dome over the gate is regarded as typical features of the architecture introduced by the Turkish Sultans. Hence, Statement b is correct.
    • Art historians refer to this style as Indo-Islamic, as it grew continually through interaction with local building practices in different regions.

The correct answer is ​1 and 3 only.

Key Points

• December 1920, at the Nagpur session of the Indian National Congress:
  • The programme of non-cooperation was endorsed. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
  • An important change was made in the Congress creed: now, instead of having the attainment of self-government through constitutional means as its goal, the Congress decided to have the attainment of swaraj through peaceful and legitimate means, thus committing itself to an extra-constitutional mass struggle. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
  • Some important organisational changes were made:
    • A congress working committee (CWC) of 15 members was set up to lead the Congress from now onwards.
    • Provincial congress committees on a linguistic basis were organised. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
    • Ward committees were organised, and the entry fee was reduced to four annas.
  • Gandhi declared that if the non-cooperation programme was implemented completely, swaraj would be ushered in within a year.
• Many groups of revolutionaries, especially those from Bengal, also pledged support to the Congress programme.
• At this stage, some leaders like Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Annie Besant, G.S. Kharpade and B.C. Pal left the Congress.
  • ​As they believed in a constitutional and lawful struggle.
• While some others like Surendranath Banerjea founded the Indian National Liberal Federation and played a minor role in national politics henceforward.
• The adoption by the Congress of the non-cooperation movement initiated earlier by the Khilafat Committee gave it new energy, and the years 1921 and 1922 saw an unprecedented popular upsurge.

So far Seven Prime Ministers of India have been awarded the Bharat Ratna. Atal Bihari Vajapayee is the seventh Prime Minister to receive the award, after (1) Jawaharlal Nehru, (2) Indira Gandhi, (3) Rajiv Gandhi, (4) Morarji Desai, (5) Lal Bahadur Shastri and (6) Gulzarilal Nanda.

Statement 2 is incorrect as Committee was formed to agitate, for Indian political reforms, in the house of commons. Wedderburn empathized with the objectives of INC and was the chief architect of the committee. He

entered Parliament in 1893 as a Liberal member and sought to voice India's grievances in the House. He formed the Indian Parliamentary Committee with which he was associated as Chairman from 1893 to 1900.

Being and ex civil servant Wedderburn was criticised by his colleagues as a disloyal officer, for his continual tirades against the bureaucracy, his incessant pleading for the Indian peasant and for his stand on constitutional reforms for India.

The correct answer is Firoz Shah.

Key Points

• Azamgarh Proclamation
  • It was published in Delhi gadget by Firoz Shah, the grandson of Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar. Hence, Option 1 is correct.
  • It was published during the middle of the ‘great mutiny’ of 1857 or the first revolution in India.
  • It was published on 25^th August 1857 and stressed the communities of Hindus and Muslims to stay united.
  • The proclamation appealed to the people that the people belonging to different castes should remain together during this time.
  • Rebels wanted full power to be vested in the hands of the king.
  • Bahadur Shah Zafar or Bahadur Shah II was the twentieth and last Mughal emperor.
  • He was the second son of and became the successor to his father, Akbar II, upon his death on 28 September 1837.
  • He was a titular Emperor, as the Mughal Empire existed in name only, and his authority was limited only to the walled city of Old Delhi (Shahjahanabad).
  • Following his involvement in the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British exiled him to Rangoon in British-controlled Burma (now in Myanmar), after convicting him on several charges.

Kailashnath Temple, Ellora :

• Completely in Dravida style
• Main deity is Lord Shiva
• There is also a Nandi shrine
• Vimana rises 30 m
• This temple was carved out of a portion of a hill.
• The temple is grand and imposing
• Built during the Rashtrakuta phase at Ellora

b) All statements are correct. The last Mauryan ruler Brihadratha was assassinated by his commander-in-chief Pushyamitra Sunga in 185 BC. The last ruler of Kanva dynasty Susharma was deposed by theAndhras and Satavahana dynasty came into being

The correct answer is Option 4, i.e 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d.

• Ravidas Ji was an Indian mystic poet-saint of the Bhakti movement during the 15th to 16th century CE in the region of Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh.
• Shankaradeva was one of the leading proponents of Vaishnavism in Assam in the late fifteenth century.
• Eknath was a prominent Marathi saint, scholar, a great devotee of Lord Krishna, and a religious poet of the Varkari sampradaya from Maharashtra.
• Baba Farid (c. 4 April 1179 – 7 May 1266) was a 12th-century Punjabi Muslim preacher and who went on to become one of the most revered and distinguished Muslim mystics.

In 1899, the Savarkar brothers founded ‘Abhinav Bharat’, the first revolutionary organization in India as a secret society. In 1902, Anushilan Samiti of Dacca, another secret society was founded by Pulin Das. In 1924, Sachin Sanyal and Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee founded the Hindustan People’s Republic Party, the first revolutionary organization at an all India level. Bharat Mata Sangam was the popular revolutionary organization founded by Subramanya Sivam and Neelakantha Brahmachari in 1908.

Naamghar is associated with Shankardev.

Key Points

• In the late fifteenth century, Shankaradeva emerged as one of the leading proponents of Vaishnavism in Assam.
• His teachings, often known as the Bhagavati dharma because they were based on the Bhagavad Gita and the Bhagavata Purana, focused on absolute surrender to the supreme deity, in this case Vishnu.
• He emphasised the need for naam kirtan, recitation of the names of the lord in sat sanga or congregations of pious devotees.
• He also encouraged the establishment of satra or monasteries for the transmission of spiritual knowledge, and naam ghar or prayer halls.
• Many of these institutions and practices continue to flourish in the region.

• His major compositions include the Kirtana-ghosha.

Therefore, we can conclude that Naamghar is associated with Shankardev.

In 1773, the company became almost insolvent and forced to apply to the British Government for a loan of One Million Pound Sterling. This led to the British government of Lord North to undertake a legislation to meet the situation and provide some form of legal government for the Indian possessions of the East India Company, which resulted in Regulating Act of 1773.

The correct answer is 2 only.

Key Points

• The Rig Vedic society was Patriarchal.
  • Hence statement 1 is not correct.
• Women were given equal opportunities as men for their spiritual and intellectual development.
  • Hence statement 2 is correct.
• There were no child marriage and the practice of Sati was absent.
  • Hence statement 3 is not correct.

Additional Information

• The social life of the Early Vedic Period​
  • Women enjoyed a respectable position.
    • They were allowed to take part in Sabhas and Samitis.
    • There were women poets too (Apala, Lopamudra, Viswavara, and Ghosa).
  • Cattle especially cows became very important.
  • Monogamy was practised but polygamy was observed among royalty and noble families.
  • There was no child marriage.
  • Social distinctions existed but were not rigid and hereditary.

The book “Unto this Last “, written by Mahatma Gandhi relates to some of his deepest convictions which narrates that good of individual is present in good of all and the work of the lawyer results similar as barber's as everybody has similar right of earning their livelihood from their work. Further his conviction is that the labourer is similar as tiller of soil and handicraftsman.

The correct answer is Fernao Nuniz.

Key Points

• He was a Portuguese traveler, chronicler, and horse trader who visited India during the reign of Achyutaraya.
• He gave a detailed account of the history of Vijaynagar.
• He gave the history of the foundation of the city, the subsequent careers of three dynasties of rulers.

Important Points

• List of important Foreign Travellers visited the Vijayanagar Kingdom:

Niyoga practice in the Vedic Age has provided for a marriage of a childless widow with the brother of blood relation of her deceased husband for the sake of progeny.

All the statements are correct :

• The Pallava dynasty ruled in the Andhra region from the 2nd century AD onwards. Then, they moved southwards to Tamil Nadu.
• They built many monuments and temples during the 6th to 8th centuries.
• Although they were mostly Shaivite, some Vaishnava monuments were also seen. Their architecture was also influenced by the Buddhist heritage of the Deccan.
• Their early buildings were rock-cut, whereas the later were structural.
• The early buildings were built during the reign of Mahendravarman I, a contemporary of the Chalukya king Pulakeshin II of Karnataka.
• His son Narasimhavarman I, also known as Mamalla, was a great patron of the arts. Most buildings in Mahabalipuram (also called Mamallapuram in his honour) are attributed to him.
• In Mahabalipuram, there are exquisite monolithic rathas and mandapas. The five rathas there are known as Panchapandava Rathas.