PS TET Paper 1: Environmental Studies Test - 8 - PS TET MCQ

In rainforests located at low latitude, a large number of varieties of different species of trees are found. In a survey, it was found that 3000 species of trees are found in low-latitude rainforest biome. 

The capital of Himachal Pradesh (Shimla) and the capital of Madhya Pradesh (Bhopal) are located in North and South with respect to the location of Delhi on the map of India.
Hence, the correct answer is North and South.

Environmental studies (EVS) at the primary level seek to expose kids to the actual situations in their surroundings so they may relate to, become aware of, understand, and become sensitive to the present environmental issues (natural, physical, social, and cultural).

We are able to write because of friction between the tip of the pen and paper, we are able to walk because of friction between our feet and the ground, and we are able to stop a moving vehicle by applying brakes because of friction. These are the correct examples of friction. But a ball thrown vertically upwards comes back to us due to friction is wrong because it comes back to us due to gravity.
Hence, the correct statements are IV, I and II.

All the other diseases are caused due to the deficit of minerals in the normal diet of an individual, while typhoid is caused by bacteria. 

Misconceptions refer to a wrong or inaccurate idea that takes place due to the mismatch in previously assimilated and newly accommodated knowledge. 
Student’s misconceptions:

• are a significant step in the teaching-learning process.
• are necessary for the learning process to give insight into children's thinking.
• help the teacher to be aware of learners' learning styles, to cater for them according to their needs.

In the above situation, the teacher instructed all the students of EVS class to study the difference between climate and weather separately in the school compound. The reason for this could be the eradication of misconception because they are relatively the same (explained below).

As an EVS teacher, the major objective of organising a field trip to a zoo should be to provide active learning experience to students.

The Chipko movement is also known as Chipko Andolan was a forest conservation movement in India. It was started in the 1970s in Uttarakhand, then a part of Uttar Pradesh (at the foothills of Himalayas) by Sundar Lal Bahuguna. It went on to become a rallying point for many future environmental movements all over the world.
It created a precedent for starting nonviolent protests in India, such as to hamper the rapid deforestation, expose vested interests, increase social awareness and therefore the got to save trees.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Sunder Lal Bahuguna.'

The teacher has to play a role of a facilitator in teaching EVS at the primary level as his role is to create such an atmosphere of learning where the children can themselves realize their true potential and can construct knowledge.

• A teacher is one who plays diverse roles like an innovator, action researcher, planner, manager, content provider, facilitator, leader, co-creator, etc.​

Photosynthesis is the procedure utilized by green plants and certain microbes to saddle vitality from daylight into concoction vitality. This process needs air, water and sunlight to be completed.

When a teacher starts a new topic she should ask probing and imaginative questions to arouse curiosity in Class V students. In this way children will make efforts to find out the answers to the questions and if they are unable to find they become curious about the new topic. This curiosity encourages them to remain active in the class in order to gain a better understanding.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Ask probing and imaginative questions.'

• Plants prepare their food by the process called photosynthesis. 
• During photosynthesis, plants trap solar energy or light energy with the help of chloroplast present in the green leaves and convert it into Chemical energy.
• A pigment called chlorophyll is present in the chloroplasts which are required in trapping sunlight.
• Plants utilize Carbon dioxide and water for the synthesis of carbohydrates during photosynthesis, oxygen is liberated as a side product.
• This gaseous exchange occurs through the stomata present on the leaf surface.

These events can be demonstrated by the following equation:

A good EVS book must not explain abstract concepts. It should rather have concrete concepts along with suitable examples.

If an assignment is made challenging and exciting, it teaches many positive features among the students. It helps the students in dealing with extreme pressure and even failure at many points. A good home assignment may include such tasks in which the students are required to target a particular section of society and work to better that section. For example, if the students are given a home assignment to form a group and visit a slum nearby to educate small children every day for an hour. 
Hence, the correct answer is "Challenges and excitement for extended learning".

CCE refers to a school-based evaluation, which covers all aspects of school activities related to a child’s development. It emphasizes two-fold objectives such as continuity of evaluation and assessment of learning outcomes in a comprehensive manner.
The term ‘continuous’ refers to regularity in assessment. The development of a child is a continuous process. Therefore, students’ development should be assessed continuously.
In the above-mentioned situation, the purpose of conducting continuous evaluation by Akash in the classroom includes:

• Continuous evaluation is formative in nature and is school-based. It is to be carried out by teachers teaching a particular class.
• The purpose of continuous evaluation is mainly improvement in learning. For this, the learning gaps and weaknesses are diagnosed so that feedback can be provided.
• Continuous evaluation is informally carried out in the classroom; there is no need of making lengthy arrangements required for a formal examination like preparation and administration of question papers, seating arrangement, etc.
• Multiple techniques of evaluation need to be used for continuous evaluation. These include not only written tests but oral tests, quizzes, assignments, projects, observation, peer evaluation, self-appraisal, etc.

Hence, it could be concluded that diagnosing the learning gaps and weaknesses so that feedback can be provided is the purpose of conducting continuous evaluation by Akash in the classroom.

In the southern hemisphere, seasons are opposite to those in northern hemisphere, with summer falling in the months December-February and with winter falling in the months June-August. Hence, in Australia, Christmas is celebrated during summer.

To know the level of understanding of the students about the topic when Sheela administered a test then she realized that a large number of students had not understood the related concepts. The reason behind this was that she did not use the correct methodology to teach the topic. For better understanding, the appropriate methodology should be used by the teacher depending on the requirements.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'She did not use the correct methodology to teach the topic.'

Projects make an integral part of teaching-learning EVS. Two aspects of children’s learning can be assessed through projects. One is their learning of the EVS content and other is the general EVS objectives like the social skills and values. When children carry out a group survey of a local water body, green area and the birds in the vicinity, the teacher can assess a variety of aspects related to not just the content but also other skills, such as:

• Ability to effectively communicate with local communities
• Presentation quality of the project report
• Quality of participation- Students can be asked questions such as:
  • name the group members who often helped each other
  • name the friends in your group
  • were you able to resolve differences of opinion during the group work?
  • did you share the resources?
• Ability to think and analyse processes and relations in real-life situation

Hence, we can conclude that all the above aspects can be assessed by the teacher through projects on EVS.

Geology is an earth science concerned with the solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change over time. i.e it deals with physical history of earth.

As per the time-table for the route of an express train shows,
The distance of Madgaon = 1509 km
The distance of Surat = 530 km
So, the distance between Surat and Madgaon is; 
= 1509−530 = 979 km
Now, to find the total time taken to cover this distance, count the number of hours from the departure time of Surat to the departure time of Madgaon. Thus, we will get 15 hours 15 minutes.
Hence, the correct answer is, 979 km; 15 hours 15 minutes.

About the Changpa tribe:

• Changpa is a nomadic tribe found in Ladakh.
• The Changpa tribe has only about 5000 people.
• They make the famous pashmina shawl through these goats.
• The Changpa speak Changskhat, a dialect of Tibetan, and practice Tibetan Buddhism.
• They stay high up on these mountains in very difficult conditions.
• The Changpas carry everything that they own on their horses and yaks.
• Their goats and sheep are most important to them.
• Through these goats and sheep, they obtain meat to eat, wool to wear, skin for tents.
• The Changpa graze their goats at higher and colder places so that the goats have more and softer hair (fur).
• They live in a big cone-shaped tent called Rebo.
• Near the Rebo, they have a place to keep sheep and goats called Lekha.
• The walls of a lekha are made of stones.

​The place where the Changpas use to keep their sheep and goats is called a lekha.

Asking students to collect related information from all possible sources satisfies the condition of active learning.

Cooked rice when stored within the refrigerator tends to become dry. This food item is often stored for about three days considering it is low or negligible levels of protein in it. The bacteria prospering on protein foods are more likely to give foodborne illnesses than the bacteria prospering on starch and sugars.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Microbes becomes inactive at low temperature.'

The objective of teaching EVS at the primary level is not limited just to equip the students with terms and definitions for assessment purpose only.
The objectives of environmental education are to increase public awareness about an environmental issue.
The main objectives of environmental education are as follow.

• The common duty of maintaining, protecting and improving the quality of the environment.
• It helps in engaging in exploratory and hands-on activities that lead to the development of cognitive and psychomotor skills.
• It provides the way in which each individual can contribute to the protection of the environment.
• It provides opportunities to acquire the knowledge, values, attitudes, commitment and skills needed to protect and improve the environment.
• It encourages pupils to examine and interpret the environment from a variety of perspectives.
• It helps to arouse pupil’s awareness and curiosity about the environment.
• It plays an important role to minimize population growth.
• It helps to develop national integrity among students.

Hence, we conclude that to load learners with terms and definitions for assessment is not an objective of teaching EVS at the primary level.

The ecological effect of the coal industries incorporates issues, for example, land use, waste administration, water and air contamination, brought about by the coal mining, handling and utilization of its items. Notwithstanding air contamination, coal blazingin thermal power plants produces a huge amount of strong waste items every year, including fly ash.

If a doctor is prescribing some medicines to a patient and also suggesting him to eat jaggery, amla, and more green leafy vegetables. This patient must be suffering from anaemia. Anaemia is caused due to a deficiency of Iron. It is a condition in which blood lacks healthy red blood cells. Jaggery, Amla, Green leafy vegetables like spinach, kale, collard greens, dandelion greens, citrus fruits, whole grains, beans, etc. All these things are a good source of iron. 
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Anaemia.'

Assessment is the process of defining, selecting, designing, collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and using the information to increase students' learning and development.

Working in groups is an important mode of learning. Collaborative learning is an umbrella term for a variety of approaches in education that involve joint intellectual effort by students or students and teachers.

The lithosphere of the earth causes of crust and outer mantle. This is the place where we find the soil which enables the growth of most of the plants and also the climatic conditions are suitable. The atmosphere is a layer of sir that surrounds our Earth and it is retained by the gravity. The hydrosphere is a layer of water on the earth's surface, it consists of all the water bodies present on Earth.  Mesosphere is a layer of the atmosphere, present between the Stratosphere and the Thermosphere. The temperature in this layer decreases with an increase in altitude. 
Hence, the correct answer is "Lithosphere".

The community serves as a living laboratory that provides authentic and practical learning opportunities.

• Community in a real setting: Communities offer a rich and diverse learning environment where students can engage with real-world situations and interact with people from different backgrounds, cultures, and experiences.
• By involving the community in the teaching and learning process, students can gain valuable insights, perspectives, and knowledge that go beyond what can be found in textbooks or traditional classroom settings.
• Furthermore, the community offers a diverse range of expertise and resources that can supplement classroom instruction. 

Hence, "It provides a learning community in a real setting" is the correct explanation of why the community is an important teaching and learning resource.