PS TET Paper 1: Child Development and Pedagogy Test - 5 - PS TET MCQ

If different tasks are used by the teacher to teach her students through different styles of teaching, the teacher can be said to be adopting the theory given by Gardner.

Schools should cater to individual differences to understand why students are able or unable to learn. The objective of education is to provide the fullest possible development for each learner. Education fosters morality, creativity, innovativeness, imaginative power, thinking ability of critical analysis, etc. Everyone has the right to education and every school should be aware of this fact. They should find suitable ways for students to learn better.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Understand why students are able or unable to learn.'

Psychologist Albert Bandura is the researcher most often associated with learning through observation. He and others have demonstrated that we are naturally inclined to engage in observational learning.

Determinants of Individual differences in human beings relate to both heredity and environment interacting together. By heredity we mean the influence of factors inherent in the child himself from the time he is conceived. Environment also plays a key role in the individual's development.

The Education of children with special needs should be provided along with children with non-special needs. To promote the education of special needs children along with non-special needs children concept of inclusive education was proposed. In Inclusive Education, all students are welcomed, they have been given equal opportunity irrespective of caste, creed, religion, special-needs, non-special needs.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Along with other normal children.'

• The National Education Policy 2020 in India has highlighted the importance of internationalization in the context of higher education.
• This includes promoting the mobility of students and faculty across borders, promoting the exchange of knowledge and ideas, and increasing collaborations between Indian and foreign institutions.
• The policy aims to promote India as a global study destination by establishing world-class universities in India and by encouraging foreign universities to set up campuses in the country.
• The NEP 2020 also proposes to allow top-ranked Indian universities to open campuses abroad to enhance their global footprint.
• Overall, the focus on internationalization in the National Education Policy 2020 is aimed at promoting excellence, innovation, and collaboration in higher education, and making Indian institutions more globally competitive.

Thus, it is concluded that In the context of higher education, National Education Policy 2020 has emphasized the need for Internationalization.

Linguistic Intelligence is associated with the ability of students to use words in a proper way. These students like reading, writing poetry, playing word games, etc. 

Affective motives deal with the need to reach satisfying feeling states and obtain personal goals. Maslow's theory deals with all types of needs. His Hierarchy of Needs Theory includes Psychological needs (food, air, water.) Safety needs (personal security, health.) Love and Belonging need (friendship, intimacy.) Esteem needs (respect, status.
Hence, this is the correct answer.

Psychologist Albert Bandura is the researcher most often associated with learning through observation. He and others have demonstrated that we are naturally inclined to engage in observational learning.

Preference to one sex over the other is called gender bias. Here the school prefers girls for the competition, thereby reflecting gender bias.

Young children have no other responsibility and no extra burden. They are new to the environment, making them enthusiastic and curious about new things, and they want to know everything about their surroundings. They freely do things, and that makes them learn or understand easily without any stress. Stress makes peoples mind slow, and they become slow learners. At this age, young children don't have that much stress to learn easily and quickly. 
Hence, the correct answer is "Active".

Kohlberg's Theory: Kohlberg's theory is termed, the theory of moral development. The three stages are integrated into three levels - the pre-conventional level, the conventional level (stages 3 and 4), and the post-conventional level (stages 5 and 6) or autonomous level.

Educational psychology is related with the study of the learning process in humans. So, the potentiality of a student can be known by the teacher through educational psychology.

Jean Piaget has given four stages of cognitive development:
The Sensorimotor stage is the first stage that lies from Birth to 18–24 months old. In this stage, infants "THINK' with their eyes, ears and hands. The Pre-operational Stage is the second stage lies from 2 to 7 years old. The Concrete Operational Stage is the third stage that lies from 7 to 11 years old. The Formal Operational Stage is the fourth stage that lies from Adolescence to adulthood.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Sensorimotor stage.'

Assessment is integral to the teaching-learning process which helps in facilitating student learning and improving instruction.

• Formative assessment is goal-centered that is, it focuses attention on successful teaching and learning of important learning goals and standards.
• It identifies the learning gaps and deficiencies in teaching.
• In this form of assessment, a teacher embeds various forms of assessment all through the teaching and learning process. 
• Therefore, it is an ongoing assessment that allows teachers to monitor students on a day-to-day basis and modify their teaching based on what the students need to be successful.

For example, during a teaching in a class teacher ask questions, the teacher says to discuss among peer groups, observe children as they work on their tasks, a teacher receives feedback from students during teaching etc.

Display boards in every school are decorated by charts, pictures, diagrams and posters. These boards are made to increase the creativity of the students and the knowledge of the students is also increased by various important things that are displayed on the boards.

The teachers should allow students to make some decisions about what to learn and how to learn. It helps to increase their thinking ability in critical analysis. Also, it points out their strengths and weaknesses and the students can learn well through the diagnosis of the learning gap.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Allowing students to take some decisions about what to learn and how to learn'.

Critical thinking is a process that challenges an individual to use reflective, reasonable, rational thinking to gather, interpret, and evaluate information in order to derive a judgment.

Piaget's theory states that children actively construct their understanding of the world and go through four stages of cognitive development.

A teacher should possess some qualities to teach at the primary level such as she should have the patience to deal with all sorts of questions arising in the minds of the students. Students at the primary level ask very silly questions she should not get frustrated with them and reply in a very calm manner. Apart from this, a teacher should also have a quality of perseverance she should stick to her plans and not lose hopes even if she is facing many difficulties in achieving them.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Patience and Perseverance.'

Kohlberg's theory of moral development is a theory that focuses on how children develop morality and moral reasoning. His theory played a profound role in the development of moral psychology.

In a continuous and comprehensive evaluation system, the percentage of each summative assessment is 30% that all together forms 60%, and that of formative assessment is 40%.

Jean Piaget has given four stages of cognitive development:

• The Sensorimotor stage is the first stage that lies from Birth to 18–24 months old. In this stage, infants "THINK' with their eyes, ears and hands.
• The Pre-operational Stage is the second stage lies from 2 to 7 years old.
• The Concrete Operational Stage is the third stage that lies from 7 to 11 years old.
• The Formal Operational Stage is the fourth stage that lies from Adolescence to adulthood.

Hence, the correct answer is, 'Sensorimotor stage.'

The teaching-learning process is aimed to bring relatively permanent change in the behavior of an individual (knowledge, skill, and attitude) that can be acquired consciously. 

All differences between individuals may be interpreted by the facts of heredity or nature, environment or nurture, and training. Individuals have various endowments, abilities and capacities, provided by heredity which decide the path of progress and development of an individual. Environment also plays a key role in individual differences. No person from birth to death get the same environment. Both nature (heredity) and nurture (environment) are strong contenders in order to distinguish one individual from another.

Lectures are based on theoretical principles, which help students to understand a particular concept. Students won't learn any new things from that. They always think that the lectures are boring. Playing outdoor games make their mind fresh and they also love to play games which develop their mind. So they always try to make something new. Likewise, children love to do experiments so practical work helps them to develop their creativity level. 
Hence, the correct answer is "Lecture".

Failure is the state or condition of not meeting a desirable aim and may be viewed as the opposite of success. There are many cognitive, physical, intellectual, emotional, and cultural causes for the failure of students.

A picture will be the best teaching aid to teach the subject of biology. A number of pictures can be used to teach each of the processes individually.

The nature-nurture phrase was given by English Victorian Polymath Galton in a discussion of the influence of hereditary and environment in social advancement. The nature-nurture debate involves whether a person's behavior is a product of the environment, or it is inherited. Some say that the person's behavior is a product of his surroundings while others argue that the person's behavior is a product of genetics.
Hence, the correct answer is, 'Genetics and Environment.'

Meaningful learning is active, constructive, and long-lasting. Meaningful learning takes place when new information is incorporated in the existing information in the cognitive structure. Information is incorporated in the existing information in the cognitive structure.