JKPSC Prelims Paper 1 Mock Test - 9 - JKPSC KAS (Jammu and Kashmir) MCQ

Greeks who came through the northwest about 2500 years ago and were familiar with the Indus, called it the Hindos or the Indos, and the land to the east of the river was called India. The name Bharata was used for a group of people who lived in the northwest, and who are mentioned in the Rigveda.

NTPC Kanti was recognized with the Silver Medal for CSR Innovation at the Tusker Awards, highlighting its impactful initiatives in areas such as skill development, youth employment, women empowerment, health, infrastructure, and education.

The Anubhav Awards 2024 were conferred by V. Srinivas, who is the Secretary of the Department of Pension and Pensioners' Welfare, recognizing the contributions of retiring government officials.

Joao Bernardo Vieira II was one of the notable awardees recognized at the 24th International Mother Teresa Awards Ceremony, which celebrated contributions in various fields, including education and social work.

Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Limited (GRSE) was honored with two CSR Times Awards for its excellence in healthcare and skill development initiatives, showcasing its commitment to community welfare and sustainable development.

The film "Maidaan," directed by Amit Ravindernath Sharma and starring Ajay Devgn, was awarded the best Asian film at the Septimius Awards 2024, reflecting its critical acclaim in the Asian cinema landscape.

A total of 33 awards were presented during the Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar -2024 Part 1, recognizing outstanding contributions in science across four categories including Vigyan Ratna and Vigyan Yuva.

The 24th International Mother Teresa Awards Ceremony took place on August 26, 2024, marking her 114th birth anniversary and celebrating contributions to social causes.

Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub was named the best Asian actor at the 2024 Septimius Awards for his performance in the crime drama series "Scoop," highlighting his talent and recognition in the entertainment industry.

GRSE's initiatives for community welfare included providing essential medical services and skill-building programs aimed at supporting underprivileged communities, thus enhancing their quality of life and opportunities.

The award to NTPC Kanti for CSR innovation was presented by Kerala's Tourism Minister, PA Mohammed Riyas, recognizing the company's significant contributions to societal development through its initiatives.

Prof. Govindarajan Padmanabhan was honored with the Vigyan Ratna award in 2024. This award is a recognition of significant contributions to scientific research and development, highlighting the importance of leadership in advancing knowledge across various scientific disciplines.

Dr. Krishna Murthy S L received the Vigyan Yuva Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar award in Medicine. This prestigious award is aimed at recognizing young scientists for their exceptional contributions to their respective fields, thus encouraging innovation and excellence in scientific research among the youth.

The Rajiv Gandhi International Airport was awarded the title of Best Airport at the India Travel Awards for three consecutive years, which underscores its commitment to excellence and innovative practices in the travel and hospitality sector. This recognition reflects the airport's effective management and customer service levels.

The National Geoscience Awards 2023 were presented in the year 2023. These awards are established to acknowledge individuals and teams for their outstanding work and contributions in geosciences, which play a critical role in understanding mineral resources and geoscience-related challenges.

Indian students secured three gold medals at the 17th International Earth Sciences Olympiad. This achievement highlights the talent and dedication of Indian students in the field of earth sciences, fostering greater awareness of environmental issues and climate change among young scientists.

Dr. Jitendra Singh was honored with the 'Distinguished Mentor of the Year' award at the ACP India Conference. This accolade recognizes his significant role in guiding and mentoring future leaders in the realm of global health research, emphasizing the importance of collaboration in advancing medical sciences.

Cholas were Samantas or Subordinates to Pallavas who ruled in Tamilnadu.

Statement 1 is correct. Cholas and Muttaraiyar both were subordinates to Pallava king. The rise of Cholas started during the middle of the 9th century when Vijayalaya from Uraiyur captured the kaveri delta from Mutharaiyar and built the town of Thanjavur.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Vijayalaya built the town of Thanjavur and Goddess Nishumbhasudini temple While Rajaraja I became king in 985 CE and was considered as the most powerful Chola ruler.

He recognized his administration and expanded his control over most of South India. His son Rajendra Chola led an expedition to the Ganga valley.

Statement 3 is correct. Rajendra I was Rajaraja’s Son who continued his Father’s policy and raided Ganga Valley, Sri Lanka as well as Southeast Asian Countries. Rajendra I also developed the Navy for these raids.

About Tanjore Paintings:

• Tanjore Painting is one of the most popular forms of classical South Indian painting. It is the native art form of Thanjavur (also known as Tanjore) city of Tamil Nadu.

• Tanjore Painting of India originated during the 16th century, under the reign of the Cholas. Maratha princes, Nayakas, Rajus communities of Tanjore and Trichy and Naidus of Madurai also patronized Indian Thanjavur Paintings from 16th to 18th century

• The dense composition, surface richness and vibrant colors of Indian Thanjavur Paintings distinguish them from the other types of paintings. There are embellishments of semi-precious stones, pearls and glass pieces that further add to their appeal.

• The relief work gives them a three dimensional effect.

• Most of these paintings revolve around the theme of Hindu Gods and Goddesses, along with saints.

• The main figure is always painted at the center of the painting:

  • Mysore Painting: Mysore Painting is a form of classical South Indian painting, which evolved in the Mysore city of Karnataka. During that time, Mysore was under the reign of the Wodeyars and it was under their patronage that this school of painting reached its zenith. Quite similar to the Tanjore Paintings, Mysore Paintings of India make use of thinner gold leaves and require much more hard work. The most popular themes of these paintings include Hindu Gods and Goddesses and scenes from Hindu mythology. The grace, beauty and intricacy of Indian Mysore Paintings leave the onlookers mesmerized.

  • Company Painting: Company painting, also called Patna painting, style of miniature painting that developed in India in the second half of the 18th century in response to the tastes of the British serving with the East India Company. The style first emerged in Murshidabad, West Bengal, and then spread to other centres of British trade: Benares (Varanasi), Delhi, Lucknow, and Patna. Basohli painting, school of Pahari miniature painting that flourished in the Indian hill states during the late 17th and 18th centuries, known for its bold vitality of colour and line. Though the school takes its name from the small independent state of Basohli, the principal centre of the style, examples are found throughout the region.

• The Mauryan Empire covered vast areas of the Indian subcontinent. It extended from the present-day North West Frontier Provinces of Pakistan to Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and Uttaranchal in India.
• The Ashokan inscriptions mention five major political centres in the empire – the capital Pataliputra and the provincial centres of Taxila, Ujjayini, Tosali and Suvarnagiri. The administrative control of the empire was strongest in areas around the capital and the provincial centres.
• The provincial centres were carefully chosen, both Taxila and Ujjayini were situated on important long- distance trade routes, while Suvarnagiri (literally, the golden mountain) was possibly important for tapping the gold mines of Karnataka.
• The city of Manyakhet in Karnataka was the capital of the Rashtrakuta Empire which arose during the 8^th century AD. Thus Manyakhet was not a major political centre of Mauryas.
• Hence option (c) is the correct answer.
   

• The decorative forms of Indo-Islamic architecture included designing on plaster through incision or stucco. The designs were either left plain or covered with colors.
  • Motifs were also painted on or carved in stone. These motifs included varieties of flowers, both from the sub-continent and places outside, particularly Iran,
  • The lotus bud fringe was used to great advantage in the inner curves of the arches.
  • Walls were also decorated with cypress, chinar, and other trees as also with flower vases,
  • Many complex designs of flower motifs decorating the ceilings were also to be found on textiles and carpets.
  • In the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth centuries tiles were also used to surface the walls and the domes.
• Popular colors were blue, turquoise, green, and yellow.
• Subsequently, the techniques of tessellation (mosaic designs) and pietra dura were made use of for surface decoration, particularly in the dado panels of the walls.
• At times lapis lazuli was used in the interior walls or on canopies.
  • Other decorations included arabesque, calligraphy and high and low relief carving, and profuse use of jalis. The high-relief carving has a three-dimensional look. The arches were plain and squat and sometimes high and pointed.
• From the sixteenth century onwards arches were designed with trefoil or multiple foliations.
• Spandrels of the arches were decorated with medallions or bosses.
  • The roof was a mix of the central dome and other smaller domes, chhatris, and tiny minarets. The central dome was topped with an inverted lotus flower motif and a metal or stone pinnacle.
• Hence option (d) is the correct answer.

Karanthai copper plates are the biggest bunch and the largest volume of copper plates in the world. They are a set of 86 plates held together by a ring fastened with a heavy circular copper seal inscribed with the royal Chola emblem. Rajendra Chola issued these plates dated 1020 C.E. The term ‘Ulgu’, a term used for customs, finds mention in Karanthai copper plates. The plates from Tiruvalangadu (in Tiruvallur district), Karanthai (in Thanjavur town) and Esalam (near Tindivanam) all use the term Ulgu. These plates indicate that Ulgu, the customs duty, was a ubiquitous tax in the Chola empire. The Kuram copper plates of Parameshwaravarman and the Velurpalayam copper plates of Nandivarman III record their achievements in the military department. So, Option (a) is correct.

• Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II (1686-1743) was the ruler of the Rajput State of Amber in India. A feudatory of the Mughals, he received the title of 'Sawai' (one and a quarter) from Emperor Aurangzeb, who declared him a quarter superior to his famous forebearer Mirza Raja Jai Singh (d. 1667) after he captured the Fort of Vishalgarh from the Marathas in 1701.
• After bringing to the Emperor's notice some astronomic discrepancies that possibly affected the timings of Hindu and Muslim holy events and expressing his desire to correct these, Jai Singh also received Imperial backing for building his Astronomy Observatories at Delhi, Jaipur, Varanasi, Ujjain, and Mathura.
  • All except the observatory at Mathura are in existence today.
• Sawai Jai Singh's ingenuity led to the invention of several outsize masonry instruments, the majority of which were used to determine the coordinates of celestial objects with reference to the local horizon.
  • During Jai Singh’s lifetime, the observatories were used to make observations in order to update existing ephemerides such as the Zīj-i Ulugh Begī.
  • Jai Singh established communications with European astronomers through a number of Jesuits living and working in India. In addition to dispatching ambassadorial parties to Portugal, he invited French and Bavarian Jesuits to visit and make use of the observatories
• Jai Singh wrote the astronomical work 'Zij-e-Muhammad-Shahi' (Muhammad Shah's astronomical tables) in 1728. That same year he also built his new, magnificently designed capital Jaipur, about 200 km southwest of Delhi and constructed by combining the aspects of the ancient Hindu treatise on architecture, the Shilpa Shastra, and plans of many European cities of the period with Jai Singh's own ideas.
• The European travelers of the time, like the Frenchman Louis Rousselet, and the English bishop, Heber, were greatly impressed by Jai Singh's unparalleled excellence in city planning.
• Hence option (d) is the correct answer.

1. Kumbhandas

2. Surdas

3. Krishnadas (Shudra by caste)

4. Parmanand Das

5. Govindswami

6. Cheetswami

7. Nand Das

8. Chaturbhuj Das

Statement 1 is incorrect. Mughal court chronicles were written in Persian though Turkish was their mother tongue. Under the Sultans of Delhi it flourished as a language of the court and of literary writings, alongside other north Indian languages, especially Hindavi(near Delhi) and its regional variants.

Statement 2 is correct. Mughals were Chaghtai Turks by origin, Turkish was their mother tongue. Their first ruler Babur wrote poetry and his memoirs in the Turkish language. KB) Chagatai Turks were descendants of Chagtai Khan the second son of Genghis Khan.

Achievements

1. With coalition partners, they out-voted the government several times, even on matters relating to budgetary grants, and passed adjournment motions.

2. They agitated through powerful speeches on self-government, civil liberties and industrialisation.

3. Vithalbhai Patel was elected speaker of Central Legislative Assembly in 1925.

4. A noteworthy achievement was the defeat of the Public Safety Bill in 1928 which was aimed at empowering the Government to deport undesirable and subversive foreigners (because the Government was alarmed by the spread of socialist and communist ideas and believed that a crucial role was being played by the British and other foreign activists being sent by the Commintern).

5. By their activities, they filled the political vacuum at a time when the national movement was recouping its strength.

6. They exposed the hollowness of the Montford scheme.

7. They demonstrated that the councils could be used creatively.

Drawbacks

1. The Swarajists lacked a policy to coordinate their militancy inside legislatures with the mass struggle outside. They relied totally on newspaper reporting to communicate with the public.

2. An obstructionist strategy had its limitations.

3. They could not carry on with their coalition partners very far because of conflicting ideas, which further limited their effectiveness.

4. They failed to resist the perks and privileges of power and office.

5. They failed to support the peasants’ cause in Bengal and lost support among Muslim members who were pro-peasant.

The political consequences of foreign capital investments were equally harmful as they caused political subjugation and created vested interests which sought security for investors, thus perpetuating the foreign rule. Statement 2 is incorrect. The drain theory was put forward by Dadabhai Naoroji in his book Poverty and Unbritish Rule in India. Statement 3 is correct. The drain took the form of an excess of exports over imports for which India got no economic or material return.

They pointed out that the pattern of foreign trade was unfavourable to India. It relegated India to a position of importer of finished goods and exporter of raw materials and foodstuffs. According to the nationalist calculations, this drain amounts to one-half of government revenues, more than the entire land revenue collection and over one-third of India’s total savings.

• Statement 1 is correct: There was a separation of revenue and justice administration. As a part of the Cornwallis Code the collector was now responsible only for the revenue administration with no magisterial functions. The Zamindars were also relieved of their police duties.

• Statement 2 is correct: The principle of sovereignty of law was established and European subjects were also brought under jurisdiction.

• Statement 3 is incorrect: Government officials were made answerable to the civil courts for actions done in their official capacity.

• In the middle of the seventeenth century, the English began to emerge as a big colonial power. The Anglo-Dutch rivalry lasted for about seven decades during which period the Dutch lost their settlements to the British one by one.

• The English were also at this time rising to prominence in the Eastern trade, and this posed a serious challenge to the commercial interests of the Dutch. A commercial rivalry soon turned into bloody warfare. After prolonged warfare, both the parties came to a compromise in 1667 by which the British agreed to withdraw all their claims on Indonesia, and the Dutch retired from India to concentrate on their more profitable trade in Indonesia. They monopolized the trade in black pepper and spices. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.

• In the Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672-74), communications between Surat and the new English settlement of Bombay got cut due to which three homebound English ships were captured in the Bay of Bengal by the Dutch forces. The retaliation by the English resulted in the defeat of the Dutch. The Battle of Chinsurah (also known as the Battle of Hooghly) took place near Chinsurah, India on 25 November 1759), which dealt a crushing blow to Dutch ambitions in India. Hence, statement 2 is correct.