UKPSC Prelims Paper 1 Mock Test - 1 - UKPSC (Uttarakhand) MCQ

Statement 1 is correct. Countries with large size and much diversity usually prefer to have two houses of the national legislature to give representation to all sections in the society and to give representation to all geographical regions or parts of the country.

Statement 2 is incorrect. There was no such condition of becoming a member of Commonwealth of Nations.

Statement 3 is correct. A bicameral legislature makes it possible to have every decision reconsidered. Every decision taken by one house goes to the other house for its decision. This means that every bill and policy would be discussed twice. This ensures a double check on every matter. Even if one house takes a decision in haste, that decision will come for discussion in the other house and reconsideration will be possible.

The Chief Minister of Uttarakhand inaugurated and laid the foundation stones of projects worth Rs 415 crore in Tehri. This reflects significant investment in local infrastructure and development initiatives, showcasing the government's commitment to enhancing the region's growth.

The Char Dham temples include Kedarnath Dham, dedicated to Lord Shiva, and Badrinath Dham, dedicated to Lord Vishnu. These temples are significant pilgrimage sites for devotees and are integral to the spiritual landscape of Uttarakhand.

The primary reason for the temporary suspension of the yatras to Adi Kailash and Om Parvat is the fear that the monsoon season will disrupt the pilgrimages. High-altitude sites are particularly vulnerable to weather changes, which can pose significant risks to pilgrims. This decision reflects the authorities' concern for the safety and well-being of those undertaking these spiritual journeys.

The Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) specifically allows migrants from six minority groups—Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, and Christians—from Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh who have faced or fear religious persecution to apply for Indian citizenship. This act was designed to provide expedited citizenship for those who arrived in India before December 31, 2014, thus addressing historical injustices faced by these communities.

Article 44 of the Indian Constitution mentions the Uniform Civil Code, which is intended to promote national integration and gender justice by ensuring that all citizens are treated equally under the same set of secular civil laws, regardless of their personal laws based on religion.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e Mussoorie

Mussoorie:

• Mussoorie is a hill station which is in Dehradun, Uttarakhand.
• The hill station is located in the foothills of the Garhwal Himalayan range.
• Mussoorie is popularly known as The Queen of the Hills.

Ranikhet:

• Ranikhet is a hill station in Almora district in Uttarakhand.
• It is known for its views of the Himalayas.

Srinagar:

• Srinagar is a city and muncipal council in Pauri Garhwal district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand.
• As Srinagar was the land of penance for various known and unknown sages and saints hence are one of the sacred places in Garhwal Himalaya.
• Srinagar was the capital of the Garhwal Kingdom.
• Kamleshwar Mahadev Temple is a famous ancient temple in the town.

Badrinath:

• Badrinath is a holy town in Chamoli district in Uttarakhand, India.
• It is one of the four sites in India's Char Dham pilgrimage

The correct answer is 05.

• 3 districts of Uttarakhand, Pithoragarh, Champawat, and Udhamsingh Nagar, share their border with Nepal.
• 3 districts Pithoragarh, Chamoli, and Uttarkashi share the international border of Tibet (China).
• Pithoragarh shares a border with both Nepal and Tibet.

Key Points
Uttarakhand

• The total Area of the state of Uttarakhand is 53,483 km² which is about 1.69% of the total area of the country.
• 86.07% of the total area of the state (46035 km²) is mountainous and 13.93% of the area (7448 sq km) is plain.
• Uttarakhand has Nepal in the east, Himachal Pradesh in the west, Himalayas and Tibet in the north, and Uttar Pradesh in the south.
• 3 districts of Uttarakhand, Pithoragarh, Champawat, and Udhamsingh Nagar, share their border with Nepal.
• And 3 districts Pithoragarh, Chamoli, and Uttarkashi share the international border of Tibet (China).
• 5 districts Udham Singh Nagar, Nainital, Dehradun, Pauri Garhwal, and Haridwar share the Uttar Pradesh border,and 2 districts Dehradun and Uttarkashi touch the border of Himachal Pradesh.
• Pithoragarh, the easternmost district of Uttarakhand state, Western District Dehradun, The northern district is Uttarkashiand the southern district is Udham Singh Nagar.
• The border of the Pauri district touches 7 districts of the state, Which include Nainital, Almora, Chamoli, Rudraprayag,Tehri, Dehradun, and Haridwar.
• Pithoragarh is the district with the longest international border.​

The correct answer is 1804 A.D. - 1815 A.D.
Till 1804, the entire Garhwal region came under the rule of Gorkhas.
Key Points

• The entire territory of Garhwal was ruled by Gorkha for almost 12 years from 1804 A.D. to 1815 A.D.
• In 1815, the British drove the Gorkhas to the west of River kali.
• This was a time when the Gorkha rule in Garhwal came to an end.
• When Gorkhas were defeated by the British in 1815, the eastern half of the Garhwal region was ruled by the British.
• King Sudarshan shah ruled west Garhwal.
• After some time this region came to be known as ‘British Garhwal’ and Dun of Dehradun.
• Garhwal along with Almora and Nainital districts were administered by the Commissioner of the Kumaon region at the time of independence of India.
• From Garhwal district, Chamoli district was carved out in 1960.
• The headquarter of the Garhwal division was established at Pauri in 1969.

The correct answer is Roorkee.

Key Points

• Irrigation Research Institute
  • It is a Government of Uttarakhand institute under the Administrative Control of the Irrigation Department,
  • It undertakes studies under "NO Profit No Loss".
  • It was established in 1928 to carry out Research and Development work to carry out Research and Development work under the aegis of the U.P. Irrigation Department.
• Roorkee
  • It is a city in the Haridwar district of Uttarakhand.
  • India got its first college of an engineering college at Roorkee- Thomason College of Civil Engineering(now IIT Roorkee) in 1847.

Additional Information

• Haridwar
  • It is an ancient city and an important Hindu pilgrimage site in Uttarakhand state.
  • Kumbh Mela is the most significant event which is celebrated every 12 years in Haridwar.
• Dehradun
  • It is the winter capital and most populated city of Uttarakhand.
  • It is a part of the Gharwal region.
  • It is home to the Indian Military Academy, Forest Research Institute, Uttarakhand Ayurveda University, and Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy.
  • Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, Dehradun is the first international-level stadium in the state and it is the second home to the Afghanistan Cricket team.
• Kashipur
  • It is a city of Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttarakhand.
  • It is Kumaon's third most populous city.
  • It is the only city of Uttarakhand that features its only IIM.

​The correct answer is Uttarakhand.

• The first state in the country to establish the Ministry of Disaster Management is Uttarakhand.

Key Points

• The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) is the apex statutory body for disaster management in India.
• The NDMA was formally constituted on 27^th September 2006, in accordance with the Disaster Management Act, 2005.
• The NDMA consists of Prime Minister as its Chairperson and nine other members, and one such member to be designated as Vice-Chairperson.
• Its primary purpose is to coordinate response to natural or man-made disasters and for capacity-building in disaster resiliency and crisis response.
• It is also the apex body to lay down policies, plans, and guidelines for Disaster Management to ensure a timely and effective response to disasters.
• To build a safer and disaster-resilient India by a holistic, proactive, technology-driven, and sustainable development strategy that involves all stakeholders and fosters a culture of prevention, preparedness, and mitigation.
• On 23 December 2005, the Government of India enacted the Disaster Management Act, which envisaged the creation of NDMA, headed by the Prime Minister, and State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) headed by respective Chief Ministers, to spearhead and implement a holistic and integrated approach to Disaster Management in India.

Additional Information

Uttarakhand

• Foundation Day: 9 November 2000(carved out from Uttar Pradesh on this date and became the 27th state of the Republic of India).
• Pithoragarh is known as Mini Kashmir of Uttarakhand.
• Rishikesh is known as the 'Yoga Capital of the World'.
• Mussoorie is known as the 'Queen of hill stations in India.
• Nainital is known as the 'Lake District of India'.
• Dehradun is known as the 'City of Schools' and 'School Capital of India'.
• Uttarakhand is known as the Valley of Flowers.
• Govind Vallabh Pant Agriculture University is the first Agricultural University in India.
• India's first engineering college was set up at Roorkee.
• Central Buiding Research Institute is situated at Roorkee.
• Lal Bahadur Sastri National Academy of Administration is situated at Mussoorie.
• Indian Military Academy is situated at Dehradun.
• Central Forest Research Institute is situated at Dehradun.
• Wild Life Institue of India is situated at Dehradun.
• University of Petroleum and Energy Studies is situated at Dehradun.
• The high court of Uttarakhand is situated in Nainital.
• The biggest optical telescope (ARIES) in Asia is situated in Uttarakhand.
• Capital: Gairsain (Summer), Dehradun (Winter).
• Chief Minister: Pushkar Singh Dhami
• Governor: Gurmit Singh

Jammu and Kashmir

• Jammu and Kashmir is the largest union territory in India.
• There are twenty districts in Jammu and Kashmir, they are ten districts in Jammu and ten districts in Kashmir.
• Jammu and Kashmir have two capitals - Srinagar (Summer) and Jammu (Winter).
• Jammu and Kashmir is a Unicameral system.
• On 5^th August 2019, the Minister of Home Affairs, Mr. Amit Shah has introduced the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill, 2019 in Rajya Sabha
• The Bill provides for the reorganization of the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir and the Union Territory of Ladakh.
• The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill, 2019 was effective on 31^st August 2019.
• The famous Wular lake and Dal lake are situated in Jammu and Kashmir.
• Jammu and Kashmir is the first state to declare all election booths are smoking-free.
• Jammu and Kashmir is the largest producer of saffron.
• Official languages - Kashmiri, Dogri, Hindi, Engish, Urdu
• Lieutenant Governor - Manoj Sinha
• Major Dance forms - Dumhal, Rauf, Kud
• Article 370 - Temporary special provisions to the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
• Jammu and Kashmir is known as the "Heaven of Earth" was described by Jahangir.
• Jammu and Kashmir is known as the "Garden of India".

Himachal Pradesh

• Himachal Pradesh was formed on 25th January 1971.
• Kulu is known as the 'Valley of God'.
• Khajjyar in Himachal Pradesh is known as the 'Mini Switzerland'.
• Himachal Pradesh is the leading producer of fruits especially Apple in India.
• Himachal Pradesh is known as the 'State of all seasons'.
• Himachal Pradesh is known as the 'Mountain State of India'.
• Himachal Pradesh is the first state to ban plastic in India.
• Himachal Pradesh is the first carbon-free state in India.
• Himachal Pradesh is the first smoke-free state in India.
• Himachal Pradesh is the first state in India that started Automatic Telephone Exchange.
• Hindi and Pahari are the principal languages of Himachal Pradesh.
• Central Potato Institute is situated in Shimla.
• Central Mushroom Institute is situated in Solan.
• Solan is known as the 'City of Red Gold'.
• Capital: Shimla (Summer), Dharmashala (Winter).
• Chief Minister: Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu
• Governor: Rajendra Arlekar

Nagaland

• Nagaland became the 16^th state of India and formed on 1^st December 1963.
• Thimoga was the old name of Nagaland.
• Nagaland is known as the 'Falcon Capital of the World'.
• The famous Second World War Museum was set up at Kohima.
• Nagaland is the state with the highest population of Christian.
• Nagaland is the state with the least population growth.
• The Great Hornbill festival is the major festival of Nagaland.
• Nagaland is also known as the 'Land of festivals'.
• Gariphema village in Nagaland has been declared India's first "tobacco-free village".
• Capital: Kohima.
• Chief Minister: Neiphiu Rio. (June 2021)
• Governor: Jagdish Mukhi

The correct answer is Uttarakhand.

Key Points

• According to the Census 2011, Uttar Pradesh is the state with the highest population in India.
• It is followed by Maharashtra, Bihar and West Bengal.
• Uttarakhand does not feature in the top ten states with the highest population in India.
• Sikkim is the state with the lowest population in the country.
• Andhra Pradesh and Uttarakhand are the 10th and 20th most populated states of India respectively.

​The correct answer is Musk Deer Conservation and Breeding Centre.

Key Points

• Kanchula Kharak Musk Deer Sanctuary is a popular sanctuary that is renowned for breeding musk deer and diverse species of fauna.
• Kanchula Korak Musk Deer Sanctuary is a beautiful sanctuary set amidst dense forests on Chopta – Gopeshwar Road.
• The sanctuary covers an area of about 5 sq. km and makes for an interesting stroll.
• The sanctuary offers a peaceful adobe for musk deer and some of the Himalayan wildlife.
• It forms a part of the acclaimed Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary.

Additional Information

Uttarakhand​

• Foundation Day: 9 November 2000(carved out from Uttar Pradesh on this date and became the 27th state of the Republic of India).
• Capital: Gairsain(Summer), Dehradun( Winter).
• State Animal: Alpine Musk Deer.
• State Bird: Himalayan Monal.
• State Tree: Buransh.
• State Flower: Brahma Kamal.
• Hindi, Garhwali, Jaunsari, and Kumaoni are the principal languages of Uttarakhand.
• Uttarakhand is the only state in India that has Sanskrit as one of its official languages.
• Govind Vallabh Pant Agriculture University is the first Agricultural University in India.
• India's first engineering college was set up at Roorkee.
• Central Buiding Research Institute is situated at Roorkee.
• Lal Bahadur Sastri National Academy of Administration is situated at Mussoorie.
• Indian Military Academy is situated at Dehradun.
• Central Forest Research Institute is situated at Dehradun.
• Wild Life Institue of India is situated at Dehradun.
• University of Petroleum and Energy Studies is situated at Dehradun.
• The high court of Uttarakhand is situated in Nainital.
• The biggest optical telescope (ARIES) in Asia is situated in Uttarakhand.
• Thunganath temple is the world's highest Shiva temple.
• Haridwar (Gateway of God) is the venue of Kumbhamela held after every 12 years.

Important Points

• Uttarakhand is known as the 'Land of Gods'.
• Pithoragarh is known as Mini Kashmir of Uttarakhand.
• Rishikesh is known as the 'Yoga Capital of the World'.
• Mussoorie is known as the 'Queen of hill stations in India.
• Nainital is known as the 'Lake District of India'.
• Dehradun is known as the 'City of Schools' and 'School Capital of India'.
• Uttarakhand is known as the 'Valley of Flowers'.

The correct answer is Kamet

Key Points

• Kamet (7,756 metres):
  • ​Kamet, mountain peak of the Himalayas in Uttarakhand state, northern India,
  • It is near the border with the Tibet Autonomous Region of China.
  • It is part of the Zaskar range.

Additional Information

• Nanda Devi :
  • It is a part of Himalayan mountain ranges (Garhwal).
  • This is the highest peak (7816 metres) located entirely within India.
  • The Nanda Devi National Prak, located in vicinity to the peak, consists of the best high altitude flora and fauna.
• Nilkantha:-
  • It is a majestic peak with an elevation of 6,596 meters (21,640 feet) above sea level.
  • It is a prominent and sacred mountain in the region, and its name is derived from Lord Shiva, who is often referred to as "Nilkantha" (meaning "blue throat") in Hindu mythology.
• Meru:-
  • Also known as Meru Peak, is another prominent mountain in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India.
  • It is often confused with Nilkantha due to their similar locations and proximity. Meru Peak is distinct from Nilkantha, and it holds great significance for mountaineers.

The correct answer is Pratap Shah.

Key Points

• Pratap Shah
  • He was the 3rd Raja of Tehri-Garhwal.
  • He was the founder of the township of Pratap Nagar.
  • Pratap Nagar was the summer capital of Tehri Kingdom and Tehri was their winter capital.
• Tehri Garhwal Kingdom
  • Tehri Garhwal or the Garhwal Kingdom was a princely state ruled by the Parmar( Shah ) Dynasty.
  • Later it became a part of the Punjab Hill States Agency of British India, which consists of the present-day Tehri Garhwal and most of the Uttarkashi district.

Additional Information

• Narendrashah
  • He was the first king of the Tehri kingdom to receive the title of Maharaja and the personal salute of 11 guns from the British Empire.
  • He was an enlightened ruler who built the well-ordered civic buildings in the royal township of Narendra Nagar.
  • The present town of Narendranagar came into existence in 1919 when Maharaja Narendra Shah of Tehri Garhwal kingdom shifted his capital from Tehri to the new town Narendra Nagar.
• Pratap Shah
  • He was the 3rd Raja of Tehri-Garhwal.
  • He was the founder of the township of Pratap Nagar.
• Pradhyumna Shah
  • He was the last and 54th ruler of the Garhwal Kingdom until the kingdom was independent.
  • Before ruling the Garhwal, he was the king of Kumaon from 1779 to 1785.
  • He died during the Battle of Khurbra against the Gorkhas in 1804.
• Kirti Shah
  • He became the ruler of the Gharwal Kingdom at the age of 13 years.
  • He shifted the capital to Kirti Nagar.

The correct answer is 4th April 2016.

Key Points

• Panchayati Raj Act of Uttarakhand, 2016
  • This act was enacted on 4th April 2016.
  • An Act to consolidate the connected matters of Gram Panchayat, Kshetra Panchayat, and Zila Panchayat and to provide the incidental mattes thereof.
  • ​The functioning of the Panchayati Raj Institutions in the State is governed by the Uttarakhand Panchayati Raj Act 2016 and Uttarakhand Panchayati Raj( Amendment) Act 2019.
  • According to Section 14, 59, 96 of this act the superintendence, direction, and control to conduct the election to the office of Pradhan, Up-Pradhan, and member of Kshetra Panchayats vests in the State Election Commission.

Additional Information

• Panchayati Raj
  • Panchayati Raj is the system of local self-government of villages in rural India.
  • It consisted of the Panchayati Raj institutions through which the self-government of villages is governed.
  • Part IX of the Indian Constitution is the section of the Constitution relating to the Panchayats.
  • The Panchayats must include members of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the same proportion as in the general population.
  • One-third of all seats and chairperson posts must be reserved for women, in some states half of all seats and chairperson posts.
  • The modern Panchayati Raj system was introduced in India by the 73rd constitutional amendment in 1992 and added as an Eleventh Schedule of the Constitution.
  • The Panchayati Raj now functions as a system of governance in which gram panchayats are the basic units of local administration.

The correct answer is Kumaun Himalayas.
Key Points
Uttarakhand's physiographic zones

• ​ The northern zone, popularly known as the Himadri, contains segments of the Zaskar and the Great Himalaya ranges.
• Adjacent to and south of the Great Himalayas is a zone containing the Lesser Himalayas, known popularly as the Himachal.
• The entire area containing the Himadri, the Himachal, and the Siwaliks is broadly known as the Kumaun Himalayas.
• The southern edge of the Siwalik Range merges with a narrow bed of gravel and alluvium known as the Bhabar, which interfaces to the southeast with the marshy terrain known as the Tarai.
• South of the Siwaliks is found flat-floored depressions, known locally as duns, such as the Dehra Dun.

Additional Information
Kumaun Himalayas

• ​Kumaun Himalayas, a west-central section of the Himalayas in northern India, extends 200 miles (320 km) from the Sutlej River east to the Kali River. The range, comprising part of the Siwalik Range in the south and part of the Great Himalayas in the north, lies largely within the state of Uttarakhand, northwest of Nepal.
• It rises to 25,646 feet (7,817 metres) at Nanda Devi, the range’s highest peak, and to 25,446 feet (7,756 metres) at Kamet, near the Chinese border. Glaciers and snowmelt feed the headstreams of the Ganges River in torrents that rush through gorges and steep-sided ravines.

The correct answer is Bhagirathi.

Key Points

• Koteshwar Dam
  • It is a gravity dam on the Bhagirathi River, located 22 km of the Tehri Dam in Tehri District, Uttarakhand.
  • The dam is part of the Tehri Hydropower Complex and serves to regulate the Tehri Dam's tailrace for irrigation and create the lower reservoir of the Tehri Pumped Storage Power Station.
• Bhagirathi​
  • The Bhagirathi river is a Himalayan river that flows in Uttarakhand State.
  • It is one of the two headstreams of the pious Ganga river.
  • It originates from Gaumukh Glacier and flows about 193 km before merging with Alaknanda to form River Ganga at Devprayag.

Additional Information

• Ramganga
  • The Ramganga River originates in the southern slopes of Dudhatoli Hill in the Pauri Garhwal district of the Uttarakhand.
  • This river flows southwest from Kumaun Himalayas.
  • It is a tributary of the river Ganga.
• Alaknanda
  • The Alaknanda River flowing in Uttarakhand is one of the two head-streams of the holy river Ganga.
  • The source of the Alaknanda River is the confluence of Satopanth Glacier and Bhagirathi Kharak Glacier.
  • The length of the Alaknanda River is 190 km.
• ​Kali River
  • Kali River is the headwater stream of the Mahakali River.
  • The Kali River is referred to as Kali Gad, Sharda River or Kali Ganga in Uttarakhand, where it separates Nepal's western border with India.
  • At the height of 3,600 metres, the River Kali takes birth in the Trans-Himalayan zone of the Greater Himalayas.
  • Kali Ganga is joined by Dhauliganga (known as Darma River before it joins Lassar Yankti) at Tawaghat in Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand.

The correct answer is Katyuri.

• The Brahmadev was related to the dynasty of Katyuri.

Key Points

• Katyuri Dynasty:
  • The Katyuri dynasty was founded by Vasudev Katyuri.
  • The dynasty ruled over the region now known as Kumaon from 800 to 1100 AD.
  • Their capital was Kartripura.
  • The dynasty owns its name from the Katyur Valley in the Kumaon region.
  • The Katyuri Kings were known for constructing several temples in present-day Uttarakhand.

Additional Information

• The Kuninda Kingdom ruled from the 2^nd century to the 3^rd century.
  • Amoghbhuti was the first king of the dynasty.
• Chand dynasty were the rulers of the Kumaon region.
  • They ruled in the 11th century AD.
• Panwar dynasty ruled till 1804.

The correct answer is Nainital.

Key Points

• Tiffin Top is located in the Nainital district of Uttarakhand.
  • Located at a distance of 4 km from the town this peak is 2292 meters above sea level in the Ayarpatta region.
  • The road to this picnic spot crawls along the rugged hillside swaying this way & that, and then all in one breadth in hushed silence suddenly unfolds a canvas on which nature has painted this beautiful spot.
• Tiffin Top commands an excellent view of the Himalayas as well as the neighbouring countryside.

Important Points

• Nainital is a glittering jewel in the Himalayan necklace, blessed with scenic natural splendour and varied natural resources.
• Dotted with lakes, Nainital has earned the epithet of ‘ Lake District ‘ of India.
  • The most prominent of the lakes is Naini lake ringed by hills.
• Some of the important places in the district are Nainital, Haldwani, Kaladhungi, Ramnagar, Bhowali, Ramgarh, Mukteshwar, Bhimtal, Sattal and Naukuchiatal.
• Nainital is headquarter of Nainital District.
• It is also divisional Headquarter of Kumaon Division of Uttarakhand State.

The correct answer is option 1 i.e Corbett National Park

Key Points

• Project Tiger was first initiated in the year April 1, 1973.
• This project was started to save tigers. The project was launched in Jim Corbett National Park, Uttrakhand under the leadership of Indira Gandhi
• The objective of Project Tiger is- "saving Royal Bengal Tigers from getting extinct."

Uttarakhand:

• ​​Capital: Dehradun
• CM: Pushkar Singh Dhami
• Governor: Gurmit Singh
• Famous National Park: Jim Corbett National Park, Rajaji National Park
• Famous Wildlife Sanctuary: Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary, Benog Wildlife Sanctuary

The correct answer is Chipko Movement.

Key Points

• The non-violent Chipko Movement began in 1973 in the Chamoli district of Uttar Pradesh (now part of Uttarakhand).
• The name of the movement, "chipko," is derived from the term "embrace," since the locals hugged and surrounded the trees to stop them from being cut down.
• It is best known for the collective mobilisation of women for the preservation of forests, which also changed attitudes toward the place of women in society.
• Its major success was educating the public about their rights to forests and how local activity may affect decisions about the environment and shared natural resources.
• In 1981, commercial tree cutting was outlawed above a slope of 30 degrees and above 1,000 msl (mean sea level).
• Both male and female activists from Uttarakhand played significant roles in the movement, including Gaura Devi, Suraksha Devi, Sudesha Devi, Bachni Devi and Chandi Prasad Bhatt, Virushka Devi, and others.
• The non-violent movement was given the right direction by Sunderlal Bahuguna, and its success caused the world to take notice of it right away. Over time, many similar eco-groups were inspired by this movement, which helped to slow down the rapid deforestation, expose vested interests, raise social awareness about the need to save trees, raise ecological awareness, and show the viability of people power.

I) Uttar Pradesh – Raslila
Correct. Raslila is a traditional folk dance-drama associated with Lord Krishna, especially popular in Mathura and Vrindavan in Uttar Pradesh.

II) Uttarakhand – Raslila
Incorrect. Raslila is not a traditional dance form of Uttarakhand. The state is known for dances like Chholiya, Jhora, and Langvir Nritya.

The correct answer is 1 Biswa.

Key Points

• Bigha is also a unit of measurement of land area varying locally.
• Hectare is a commonly used measurement unit in land sale, planning and agriculture. One hectare is equal to 2.47 acres.
• Biswa is a land measurement unit commonly used in Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh. Although the value varies from one place to another, 1 Biswa comes in the range 50-150 square yards.
• Biswani is a unit commonly used in Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. It is calculated as 1 Biswa = 20 Biswanis.
• Killa denotes an acre of land in Punjab and Haryana.
• Gaj is a unit commonly used in Delhi, Punjab and Haryana. It denotes one square yard or 9 square feet.
• Kattha is a unit used in the states of Assam, Bihar, West Bengal & Madhya Pradesh.etc.

The correct answer is 1907-08.

Key Points

• The Gurukul Kangri Museum Haridwar was established in 1907-08.
  • It was established on the eastern bank of the river Ganga at Punyabhuminear Kangri Village.
  • The main aim to establish it was to give knowledge of the ancient culture and civilization of India to the students as well as to the common people.
  • Rakesh Sharma is the Director of the Gurukul Kangri Museum.

Additional Information

• Other renowned educational institutions in Uttarakhand are :
  • Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
  • Indian Institute of Management Kashipur
  • All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh
  • G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar
  • Kumaun University Nainital & Bhimtal

The RBI's rate cut is intended to stimulate loan demand and encourage consumption within the economy. Lowering the repo rate reduces borrowing costs, making loans more accessible to consumers and businesses.

The INS Tabar, a stealth frigate, represented the Indian Navy during the naval exercise with the UK known as PASSEX. This exercise focused on enhancing interoperability and executing complex naval operations.

Medium enterprises in India, despite representing only a small fraction of the MSME sector, contribute a significant 40% of MSME exports. This statistic highlights the essential role that medium enterprises play in enhancing India's trade, showcasing their capacity to compete in global markets. Interestingly, the strength of these enterprises lies in their ability to innovate and adapt, which positions them as vital players in driving economic growth.

• The Ramganga River is a tributary of the Ganges, originating from the Doodhatoli ranges of Uttarakhand.
• Key tributaries of the Ramganga include the Kosi, Khoh, and Gangan rivers.
• The Lisar river is not a tributary of the Ramganga; it flows separately and is part of a different hydrological system.
• The Ramganga River plays a crucial role in irrigation and supports agricultural activities in the northern plains of India.

Additional Information

• Ramganga River
  • It is a prominent tributary of the Ganga River, flowing through the states of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh.
  • The river supports ecosystems and wildlife, including the Jim Corbett National Park.
  • The Ramganga Dam, also known as the Kalagarh Dam, is built on this river for irrigation and hydroelectric projects.
• Kosi River
  • A tributary of the Ramganga, it originates in the Kumaon Himalayas.
  • The Kosi river is not to be confused with the Kosi (Koshi) river system in Bihar, which is a tributary of the Ganga.
• Gangan River
  • A small tributary of the Ramganga River, it flows through Uttar Pradesh.
• Hydrological Systems in India
  • India has a vast network of rivers categorized into Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rivers.
  • The Ganga River system is one of the largest in India, with numerous tributaries like Yamuna, Ramganga, Gomti, and Kosi.

• Koteshwar Cave is located in Rudraprayag district of Uttarakhand, India.
• The cave is a natural formation near the Alaknanda River and is dedicated to Lord Shiva.
• It is believed to be a place where Lord Shiva meditated before heading to Kedarnath.
• This spiritual site attracts devotees and tourists due to its religious significance and scenic surroundings.
• The cave is known for its stalactite and stalagmite formations, adding to its geological importance.

Additional Information

• Rudraprayag District
  • Rudraprayag is one of the districts in the state of Uttarakhand, India, known for its spiritual significance.
  • It is named after the confluence (prayag) of the rivers Alaknanda and Mandakini.
  • The district serves as a gateway to the famous Kedarnath Temple, one of the Char Dhams.
  • Rudraprayag is also home to other famous temples like Rudranath Temple and Kartik Swami Temple.
• Alaknanda River
  • Alaknanda River is one of the major tributaries of the Ganges, originating from Satopanth Glacier near Badrinath.
  • It flows through Uttarakhand and merges with the Mandakini River at Rudraprayag.
  • The river is famous for its spiritual and geographical importance.
• Stalactites and Stalagmites
  • Stalactites are mineral formations that hang from the ceilings of caves, formed by the deposition of calcium carbonate.
  • Stalagmites are similar formations that rise from the ground, often located directly below stalactites.
  • These formations are created by the slow dripping of mineral-rich water over thousands of years.
• Other Significant Caves in Uttarakhand
  • Patal Bhuvaneshwar Cave: Located in Pithoragarh district, it is dedicated to Lord Shiva and features intricate limestone formations.
  • Vashishta Cave: Situated near Rishikesh, it is a meditation site linked to the sage Vashishta.
  • Uttarakhand's caves often hold religious and historical importance, attracting pilgrims and tourists alike.