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Test: Therapeutic Approaches- 2 - Humanities/Arts MCQ


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10 Questions MCQ Test Psychology Class 12 - Test: Therapeutic Approaches- 2

Test: Therapeutic Approaches- 2 for Humanities/Arts 2024 is part of Psychology Class 12 preparation. The Test: Therapeutic Approaches- 2 questions and answers have been prepared according to the Humanities/Arts exam syllabus.The Test: Therapeutic Approaches- 2 MCQs are made for Humanities/Arts 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Test: Therapeutic Approaches- 2 below.
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Test: Therapeutic Approaches- 2 - Question 1

Until the late eighteenth century, people suffering from a psychological disorder were thought to be possessed by demons or evil spirits. Treatment was designed to alter the body in order to let out the spirits or make it an inhospitable habitat for them, and among the earliest of these was a technique in which part of the skull bone was removed to allow evil spirits out. But what was this technique called? 

Detailed Solution for Test: Therapeutic Approaches- 2 - Question 1

‘Trepanning’ involved removing part of the skull bone to allow evil spirits out of the body, and was a practice that endured until the twentieth century. Bloodletting, another outdated ‘technique’, required a surgical removal of the patient’s blood – again to let out those evil spirits. A form of psychosurgery, the prefrontal (or ‘ice pick’) lobotomy involved a sharp piece of metal being inserted under the eyelid and above the eye so that it entered the base of the frontal lobe. Sideways movement severed the connections between the frontal lobe and the rest of the brain, in an attempt to treat the disorder.

Test: Therapeutic Approaches- 2 - Question 2

What are the primary limitations of drug therapy to treat psychological disorders?

Detailed Solution for Test: Therapeutic Approaches- 2 - Question 2

While psychotropic drugs are useful for some psychological disorders and have improved the quality of life for many people, there are some obvious limitations to their use, including the first three mentioned above and therefore should be administered in conjunction with other forms of therapy.

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Test: Therapeutic Approaches- 2 - Question 3

In the placebo effect: 

Detailed Solution for Test: Therapeutic Approaches- 2 - Question 3

The placebo effect is a widely documented phenomenon in the treatment of various diseases from flu to heart disease. It has been shown that up to 70 per cent of patients actually demonstrate some real functional improvement after being treated with an inert substance (a placebo) such as a sugar pill.

Test: Therapeutic Approaches- 2 - Question 4

Free association, interpretation and analysis of transference are treatment techniques in which model of psychotherapy? 

Detailed Solution for Test: Therapeutic Approaches- 2 - Question 4

Free association, interpretation and analysis of transference are examples of treatment techniques in the psychoanalytic model of psychotherapy. Treatment techniques in the other three models above include:

  • in the humanistic model, unconditional positive regard and active listening;
  • in the cognitive model, collaborative empiricism and identifying automatic thoughts; and
  • in the behavioural model, counter-conditioning and modelling.
Test: Therapeutic Approaches- 2 - Question 5

Which form of psychotherapy has been shown to significantly decrease the relapse rate of patients with depression when administered after successful drug treatment? 

Detailed Solution for Test: Therapeutic Approaches- 2 - Question 5

CBT has been shown to be most effective for treating recurrent depression in conjunction with drug treatment.

Test: Therapeutic Approaches- 2 - Question 6

Although it is generally recommended to begin with psychotherapy first to treat psychological disorders, for which group of patients would it be most beneficial to begin with drug treatments instead of psychotherapeutic treatments?

Detailed Solution for Test: Therapeutic Approaches- 2 - Question 6

Suicidal patients and psychotic patients may be at greatest risk for self-harm and/or the least receptive to psychotherapy, and thus may benefit by drug treatments first to stabilise symptoms and ensure safety.

Test: Therapeutic Approaches- 2 - Question 7

Which TWO of the following definitions of key features of Aaron Beck’s cognitive therapy are accurate?

  1. Automatic thoughts are spontaneously generated thoughts associated with specific moods.
  2. Automatic thoughts are spontaneously generated thoughts associated with specific situations.
  3. In collaborative empiricism, the therapist formulates a hypothesis and then tests its validity himself.
  4. In collaborative empiricism, the client is asked to formulate a hypothesis and then helps the therapist to test its validity.
Detailed Solution for Test: Therapeutic Approaches- 2 - Question 7

Aaron Beck developed one of the most influential cognitive therapies to treat depression. Beck maintains that the depressed person’s negative view of self, the world and the future (the ‘cognitive triad’) results from the operation of maladaptive automatic thoughts – the spontaneously generated thoughts associated with specific moods or situations (e.g. ‘Everything I do turns out wrong’). In depression, these cognitive distortions can take many forms including dichotomous thinking, overgeneralization, arbitrary inference and magnification.
Whatever form the cognitive distortion takes, a primary goal in cognitive therapy is to help the client identify automatic thoughts and evaluate them. The therapist helps the client to do this by asking questions like, ‘What is the evidence for this idea?’, ‘Is there another way to look at the situation?’, ‘Are these facts, or your interpretation of the facts?’ The therapist also formulates a hypothesis regarding the automatic thought and invites the client to test the validity of the hypothesis in a systematic way – a process called collaborative empiricism. In taking this approach, ultimately more realistic, accurate interpretations should replace the automatic thoughts, distorted beliefs and assumptions.

Test: Therapeutic Approaches- 2 - Question 8

In client-centred therapy, the importance of affirming the worth of the client is achieved by the exercise of which THREE therapeutic attitudes?

  1. Unconditional positive regard.
  2. Empathy.
  3. Genuineness.
  4. Confrontation.
Detailed Solution for Test: Therapeutic Approaches- 2 - Question 8

In this most influential humanist therapy, Carl Rogers argued that a person’s natural tendency to grow as a unique individual (self-actualize) is thwarted by judgements imposed on them by other people – what he called conditions of worth. He therefore emphasized the importance of affirming the worth of the client, who typically is not interrupted or questioned by the therapist. This is achieved by the exercise of three therapeutic attitudes:

  1. 1. Unconditional positive regard is established by showing the client that she is valued, no matter what.
  2. 2. Also essential to the Rogerian therapist is empathy – an emotional understanding of what the client is experiencing by seeing things from his point of view.
  3. 3. Finally, congruence between the therapist’s actions and feelings, sometimes called genuineness, is important in this form of therapy.

The Gestalt therapist may often be quite confrontational in forcing the client to focus on the here and now and deal honestly with his feelings. Indeed, according to one commentator, Perls ‘was often seen as inhumane in application of his technique’ (Cottone, 1992, p. 148).

Test: Therapeutic Approaches- 2 - Question 9

What are possible reasons given to explain why 5–10% of patients deteriorate after ending psychotherapy? 

Detailed Solution for Test: Therapeutic Approaches- 2 - Question 9

All of the above have been considered as possible reasons for why patients may deteriorate after psychotherapy.

Test: Therapeutic Approaches- 2 - Question 10

According to research on psychotherapy’s effectiveness, at what point into psychotherapy can 50 percent of clients begin to experience beneficial effects? 

Detailed Solution for Test: Therapeutic Approaches- 2 - Question 10

Research suggests that beneficial effects will appear after about 6 to 8 sessions in 50 percent of clients. After 26 sessions, beneficial effects will appear in 75 percent of clients. 10 to 12 sessions and 1 to 2 sessions have not been demonstrated to be the most critical points for therapeutic effects to appear.

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