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Test: Variations in Psychological Attributes - 3 - Humanities/Arts MCQ


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10 Questions MCQ Test Psychology Class 12 - Test: Variations in Psychological Attributes - 3

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Test: Variations in Psychological Attributes - 3 - Question 1

Galton introduced the idea of correlation (or co-relation) and showed which of the following to be true?

Detailed Solution for Test: Variations in Psychological Attributes - 3 - Question 1

Together, the notions of normal distribution and correlation allow us to consider how our abilities vary in relation to each other and in relation to the abilities of others in the population, and hence how well we can use scores on one variable to predict scores on another.

Test: Variations in Psychological Attributes - 3 - Question 2

Binet was the first psychologist to specify that intelligence tests must be:

  1. Administered and scored in a careful and standardized manner if comparisons between children’s performance are to be valid and reliable.
  2. Presented in the same order to all children and in order of increasing difficulty so that each child can pass as many tests as possible.
  3. Difficult, to ensure that only intelligent people pass them.
  4. Administered in a one-to-one setting and only where the examiner has first established a friendly rapport with the child.

Detailed Solution for Test: Variations in Psychological Attributes - 3 - Question 2

Binet and his associate Théodore Simon used a range of tasks in their first intelligence tests. These included around 30 items of increasing difficulty, from simple items that even intellectually disabled children were able to complete. More complex tasks included pointing to body parts and defining words such as ‘house’ or ‘wheel’, and tasks that were harder still, such as repeating back strings of digits and constructing sentences involving several specified words.Interestingly, vocabulary and digit recall tasks are still used in our most advanced intelligence tests today.
Binet was also the first psychologist to specify that such tests must be:

  1. administered and scored in a careful and standardized manner if comparisons between children’s performance are to be valid and reliable;
  2. presented in the same order to all children and in order of increasing difficulty so that each child can pass as many tests as possible; and
  3. administered in a one-to-one setting and only where the examiner has first established a friendly rapport with the child.Psychologists still adhere to these very important principles of testing today.
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Test: Variations in Psychological Attributes - 3 - Question 3

Which one of the following is most likely to be true? A person with an IQ of 100 is: 

Detailed Solution for Test: Variations in Psychological Attributes - 3 - Question 3

The higher the IQ score, the more intelligent the person. The average IQ is 90–110, with university students usually having an IQ of at least 115.

Test: Variations in Psychological Attributes - 3 - Question 4

It is generally accepted that there is such a thing as general intelligence. So which of the following statements is true? 

Detailed Solution for Test: Variations in Psychological Attributes - 3 - Question 4

Spearman’s finding of a general feature that underlies performance in many areas was so radical that it became the hallmark of his work. Spearman likened g to mental energy – a limited resource available to all intellectual tasks. So the idea was that individuals differ in general intelligence because they have different amounts of this mental energy.

Test: Variations in Psychological Attributes - 3 - Question 5

Mental retardation is represented by which of the following characteristics? 

Detailed Solution for Test: Variations in Psychological Attributes - 3 - Question 5

All of the answers given above refer to characteristics associated with mental retardation.

Test: Variations in Psychological Attributes - 3 - Question 6

IQ test scores represent __________ measures of intelligence. 

Detailed Solution for Test: Variations in Psychological Attributes - 3 - Question 6

IQ test scores represent phenotypic measures of intelligence. Phenotypic refers to the expression of our genes in behavioural traits that we can measure. Genotypic refers to the DNA we inherited from our parents. Environmental, modular and general are not standard terms used to refer to the genetics of IQ.

Test: Variations in Psychological Attributes - 3 - Question 7

Flynn has shown that there has been a standard deviation increase, per generation, in the mean level of intelligence test performance for most of this century in Western society, which equates to about three IQ points per decade. He believes that such a difference has to be the result of which one of the following? 

Detailed Solution for Test: Variations in Psychological Attributes - 3 - Question 7

Such a difference has to be the result of an environmental change, because gene frequencies in populations could not change so quickly. If there can be shifts of one standard deviation in IQ between generations that are environmental in origin, despite the high heritability of IQ differences, why could there not be similar environmentally mediated differences between populations within the current generation?

Test: Variations in Psychological Attributes - 3 - Question 8

Anderson argues three of the following – but which ONE is NOT in line with his arguments? 

Detailed Solution for Test: Variations in Psychological Attributes - 3 - Question 8

Anderson suggests that the first route to knowledge is through thought (central processes) and is related to differences in IQ. Thoughtful problem-solving can be done either by verbalizing a problem (using language-like propositions to think) or by visualizing it (using visuo-spatial representations to think). For this to happen, we need two different kinds of knowledge acquisition routines, each generated by one of two specific processors.
It is proposed that these processors are the source of individual differences in specific abilities, which, in turn, are constrained by the speed of a basic processing mechanism. So, at a slow processing speed, only the simplest kinds of thoughts of either kind can occur. (It is argued that the speed of the basic processing mechanism can be measured using tasks such as inspection time and reaction time.) It is suggested by Anderson that this constraint is the basis of individual differences in general intelligence and the reason for manifest specific abilities being correlated (giving rise to the g factor).

Test: Variations in Psychological Attributes - 3 - Question 9

What explanations have been given to challenge the widely publicized, yet grossly inaccurate, claim that differences in IQ scores between black and white Americans are due to genetic differences in intelligence?

Detailed Solution for Test: Variations in Psychological Attributes - 3 - Question 9

Many researchers and other professionals have challenged the claims of a race-IQ link by emphasizing the environmental influences that can lead to observed differences, which include the disadvantaged status and treatment of minority groups, socio-economic differences and biased IQ tests.

Test: Variations in Psychological Attributes - 3 - Question 10

Which are the most widely used individual tests of intelligence? 

Detailed Solution for Test: Variations in Psychological Attributes - 3 - Question 10

Wechsler tests are the most widely used individual tests of intelligence

.Most Widely Used Individual Tests of Intelligence

  • Wechsler Tests: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) are among the most widely used individual tests of intelligence. They assess various cognitive abilities such as verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed.

  • Stanford-Binet Tests: The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales are another popular set of individual tests used to measure intelligence. They provide a general intelligence score as well as specific scores for different cognitive abilities.

  • IQ Tests: IQ tests, such as the Raven's Progressive Matrices and the Cattell Culture Fair Intelligence Test, are commonly used to measure intelligence. They often involve tasks related to problem-solving, reasoning, and pattern recognition.

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